What is biochemistry? What is organic chemistry? What are the two most important properties of all matter? What is an atom? What is a compound?...

There are so many questions, I will answer few of them. You need to post them as separate questions.

1.) Biochemistry: is the science of chemical processes related to biological forms or living beings.

2) Organic Chemistry: is the scientific study of chemistry related to carbon compounds.

5) Compound: made up of two or more elements, in a certain fixed ratio. A compound may have properties that are different from that of its constituents. An example of a compound is water (H2O).

6) Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass. Examples include, living beings, elements, compounds, etc.

7) An example of physical change is melting of solid iron, which results in phase change, yet the material remains the same.

8) An example of chemical change is burning of wood, where gases and other products are released; thus, exhibiting a change in chemical composition of the reactant.

43) Two variables are inversely proportional if their product has a constant value.

Hope this helps. 

Why does Winston despise Julia in 1984 by George Orwell?

Winston despises Julia early in Part One of 1984—before he even knows her name—for a number of reasons. He hates her because he hates all young women who are Party members. With their sashes and emblems, Winston labels these young and pretty women as the most "bigoted adherents" of the Party, and this creates an immediate conflict between himself and Julia.

In addition, Winston also hates Julia because he thinks she might be a Party spy or agent of the Thought Police. He has this impression because she once passed him in a corridor and slipped him a "glance" which filled him with "terror." While he admits she is unlikely to be a spy, Winston cannot get past the sense of "uneasiness" she inspires in him.

Finally, Winston despises Julia as a way of demonstrating how easy it is to transfer negative feelings during the Two Minutes Hate. Instead of hating Emmanuel Goldstein, for instance, Winston sits in the cinema and imagines committing all sorts of atrocities on Julia's body, like tying her to a stake and shooting her with arrows.

These feelings toward Julia, however, quickly disappear once Winston realizes she is in love with him.

Is the distinction between product and service still useful if both are converging?

Whether or not this is a useful distinction is a function of who needs to make the distinction. For the purpose of collecting statistics for policy and planning, from the point of view of marketing, from a production perspective, or from an educational mindset, the distinction may be quite important, hybrids not withstanding.

The United States has turned from being mostly a manufacturing economy to becoming a mostly service economy. The most recent statistic I read was that we are about 30% manufacturing and about 70% service.  In terms of collecting this information, for reasons of policy and planning, governmental and private, I think that breaking down our economy into these categories still matters. Public and private resources may be planned for and allocated quite differently between the two. Manufacturing often requires infrastructure that services do not.  Capital, land, and labor needs can be quite different. Furthermore, from the perspective of international trade, if we preserve this distinction, I do think we have more insight into how we can best compete globally as we evaluate absolute or comparative advantages in what we produce or provide.

In today's world, marketing is largely about building and maintaining relationships with consumers, rather than a focus on selling a product or service. Nevertheless, how those relationships are built inevitably varies when one is offering a product or a service. Maintaining a relationship with a customer who has been sold a product can be different from maintaining a relationship with a customer who has been provided a service.  For example, discount "membership" cards are often an effective way of maintaining a relationship with someone who makes product purchases, but these do not seem to be used very much for the offering of services.  It is more the quality of service that seems to be of use in maintaining relationships. 

From a production perspective, it should be fairly clear that the distinction matters.  Whether I produce goods or services, I am going to be planning quite differently.  My capital, technological, and labor needs will not be the same.  My use of land will differ.  My exposure to liability will be quite different, for example, between manufacturing toasters or offering legal services. The regulatory environment in which I must function will be not be the same, either.  The producer of goods and the producer of services are simply not taking the same approach.  

From an educational perspective, this is a significant distinction today. How we prepare our students to be successful members of today's economy, to the degree that this is a mission of education, needs to be addressed through an examination of what kinds of jobs are and will be available in the coming years.  Preparing students to work in a service economy is dramatically different from preparing them to work in a manufacturing economy.   There is an overlap in the skills needed, certainly, but these are quite different educational roads to travel.  So, this distinction is quite important educationally. 

There are some areas in which services and products are offered. The restaurant comes to mind as one.  But even there, the distinction remains important. I need to divide these areas in my mind for the purposes of planning and analysis. If I am losing customers, it may be because of my product, or it may be because of my service.  I need to be able to separate these out in order to solve a problem. In another example, if I am preparing wills that are sound and my secretary is rude to clients, my product is fine but my service is bad. I need to understand the difference to do better. 

There may be some perspectives from which the distinction is meaningless, but I would say that from most perspectives, business and governmental, the distinction still matters a great deal. 

What impact that the Columbia Exposition have on the world today

The Columbian Exposition was a World’s Fair held in honor of the 400th Anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s exploration of America. Held in Chicago in 1893 on the shore of Lake Michigan, this World Fair made a lasting impact on the world.

There are several legacies the Columbian Exposition left behind as it defined a new generation in World’s Fairs. First, as a result of the exposition, the term “Windy City” was first used to describe Chicago. This nickname has been used to describe the city since that time. Also, the fair produced the first appearance of several household products that exist to this day. Shredded Wheat, Juicy Fruit Gum, Aunt Jemima Syrup, and Cream of Wheat, all debuted at this fair. Fair goers were also treated to the American appearance of two other products - hamburgers and soda with carbonation. They were also served for the first time at the fair. According to sources, L. Frank Baum used this fair – and the layout of the fair – to model his vision of Emerald City in his Wizard of Oz series. And the fair also showed off the true powers of emerging technologies from the time, most notably electricity.

Sure, the Columbian Exposition was supposed to honor Christopher Columbus. However, the six-month long fair ushered in a brand new chapter of life in America.

Investigate the effects of a growing population on the air quality of a particular place.

Human beings breathe in air and exhale carbon dioxide. Our bodies (more specifically, our cells) consume oxygen present in the air and generate carbon dioxide through cellular respiration. While plants also respire to an extent, through photosynthesis they consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

If the population of a particular place is increasing, we will find that the air quality (generally) will be deteriorating. For a growing population, more infrastructure and utilities are needed. For example, more houses, more roads (or wider roads), more electricity, water, etc. are required for a growing population. These developments generally come at the expense of green cover or plants. If that were to happen, we would have less production of oxygen and less removal of carbon dioxide. Even if plants are not removed, a larger population means more quantity of carbon dioxide will be generated, while the plant population will stay more or less the same. A higher population will also mean more fuel consumption and consequently a higher generation of gases (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogenous and/or sulfurous gases, etc.).

All of these effects will combine to reduce the air quality of the region.

Hope this helps.  

What was the relationship between the Renaissance and the Reformation? To what extent did the ideas of the Renaissance shape the Reformation? How...

The first thing to understand is that the definition of the word "renaissance" is "rebirth." In the same way that the Renaissance was a cultural rebirth, the Reformation was a religious rebirth.

The rediscovery of Greek and Roman knowledge/writings in the late Dark Ages was the igniting spark of the Renaissance flame. Contrasting with Medieval obsession with God and the principle of "Trust the Church and obey", the Renaissance relished development of the individual. This gave rise to a principle that we know as humanism and also the creation of a middle class. The Renaissance was at its height in Northern Italy during the 15th century, where times were prosperous and people had begun to accumulate enough wealth to be able to afford commissioning art and literature. This wealth and lavish living made the city-states in Italy far more powerful than they had ever been, and in turn, made the Church into an extremely powerful figure in economics and society. With this newfound wealth, corruption quickly followed.

Farther north, however, Germany had recently been hit by a huge economic crisis in the 14th century, so it took them a little longer to catch up. While Italy was all about creating new forms of expression in art and literature, the focus in Germany was scientific intellectualism. The Germans had set up a multitude of universities in the 15th century, where Latin and Greek were taught to the students. Reformer and priest Doctor Martin Luther went to one of these universities, and eventually became a professor at one as well. The Bible at this time was only written in Hebrew and Greek, and therefore was largely read by only priests. This allowed the Church to construct a sort of "chokehold" over the largely peasant population. This corruption led to a call to purify the Church. This notion was led by a scholar named Erasmus, whose translation of the Greek New Testament into Latin began an action to investigate the majority of the religious truths held by the Church. The invention of the printing press enabled this translation to be distributed widely, along with the later Martin Luther translation into German. Because of these now readily available translations and the widespread education of the common man in Europe, the Reformation took a firm grip over the entire continent. What started as a religious movement ended up becoming a societal and economic movement that brought change to the European continent that could not be undone.

Essentially, the Reformation could have happened at no other time in history than during the Renaissance. The Renaissance's very nature of free-thinking and exploration of new ideas actually gave birth to the Reformation, granting the characteristics of individualism and a desire for the truth in the process.

In Chapter 7 of The Outsiders, what does Ponyboy mean when he says Randy looks old?

Pony means that Randy seems haggard because of the recent events.

Randy is a Soc who was a friend of Bob, the boy that Johnny killed when the Socs attacked him and Pony in the park.  Like Cherry, Randy does not fit the mold of what most Socs are like.  He is more reflective and conscientious. 

Randy goes to visit Pony after he gets out of the hospital, to apologize for everything that happened and tell him he doesn’t want to fight in the upcoming rumble between greasers and Socs.

He was seventeen or so, but he was already old. Like Dallas was old. Cherry had said her friends were too cool to feel anything, and yet she could remember watching sunsets. Randy was supposed to be too cool to feel anything, and yet there was pain in his eyes. (Ch. 7)

When Pony compares Randy to Dallas, he means that Randy has been aged by experiences and not by years.  He is prematurely old because of the suffering he has endured recently.  Randy is a fighter too, on the Soc side, and now he is tired of fighting.  He is tired of the constant violence.

"I'm sick of all this. Sick and tired. Bob was a good guy. He was the best buddy a guy ever had. I mean, he was a good fighter and tuff and everything, but he was a real person too. You dig?" (Ch. 7)

Randy tells Pony that Bob’s parents spoiled him, and that because they let him get away with everything he never faced consequences and that is why he got himself killed.  Bob drank too much and caused fights.  He pushed things too far and paid for it.  Randy admits that what happened to Bob was brought on by his drunken chaos.  That doesn't make it easier to accept.

How do Keith's parents and Ralph know Keith is really sick in Beverly Cleary's The Mouse and the Motorcycle?

In chapter 10 of The Mouse and the Motorcycle, author Beverly Cleary describes many symptoms that show Keith is very ill, symptoms that Ralph, the mouse, is the first to notice.

Ralph begins to suspect something is wrong with Keith when, after Keith returns to the hotel room to get ready for dinner, Keith washes his face, then sits back down on the bed and "stare[s] at the wall." Keith doesn't play with any of his toys or eat anything. When Ralph asks what's wrong, Keith says, "I feel sort of awful." Keith leaves for dinner but returns very early, having been unable to eat anything but soup and crackers, and goes straight to bed. When Keith's parents come into his room after dinner, they only note that he has a slight fever. But, soon after Keith falls asleep in bed, Ralph hears Keith moving around restlessly and mumbling. Keith's mother hears Keith too and returns to check his temperature, seeing that he's now "burning up." Keith's movements and mumbling are a sign that his fever is very high.

The climax of the story begins to develop the moment Keith's parents are unable to find any aspirin to give Keith. His father goes down to the hotel desk to see if he can get an aspirin, but the night clerk is unable to find any. The nearest pharmacy is 25 miles away and had already closed for the night. The doctor is telephoned, but he is busy tending to victims of a car accident and cannot come to the hotel. All the Gridley family can do is wait until the morning and hope the milkman can bring aspirin when he comes. Ralph, understanding the danger of the situation, decides he should go out and search among the hotel rooms to find and bring an aspirin.

What saying does Holling quote Shakespeare on before Mrs. Baker grades his 150 question test?

Holling Hoodhood quotes a small bit of text from Shakespeare's play The Tempest.  The line that he quotes is the following line:

“The quality of mercy is not strained”

To be really specific, Holling does not say the line before Mrs. Baker grades his 150 question test.  He says the line during Mrs. Baker's grading.  Mrs. Baker begins grading the test, and marks the first four questions wrong.  She makes the comment that Holling is not having such a good start.  Holling responds with the above quote.  The response pleasantly surprises Mrs. Baker, and she smiles in spite of herself.  Holling can hardly believe it, which is why he points out to his readers the fact that she did indeed smile.  He even tells his readers that it was almost a real smile.  Not a fake teacher smile.  The exchange is important, because it is one of the first times that Holling sees there might be a possible chink in Mrs. Baker's tough exterior.  It's also one of the first times that Mrs. Baker begins to suspect that Holling has a natural affinity toward Shakespeare.  

I need help with an essay about kingship and tyranny in Macbeth. I need quotes that prove Macbeth is a tyrant.

Macbeth reveals himself as a tyrant in many ways, and ordering the killing of Banquo and his young son, Fleance, certainly proves that Macbeth enjoys absolute power and is quite ruthless, especially in an attempt to hold on to his power. Because Macbeth is concerned that he has ruined his soul and weighted his conscience with the murder of Duncan only so that Banquo's issue can take his throne, he decides to kill them both. He convinces two murderers that Banquo is their enemy, saying that he is responsible for their misfortunes. He charges them to kill Banquo while he travels, as well as

Fleance, his son, that keeps him company,
Whose absence is no less material to [Macbeth]
Than is his father's, must embrace the fate
Of that dark hour. (3.1.154-157)

Thus, he arranges the murder of a child, callously and with no concern for anyone but himself and his own ambition and pride. It won't be the last time.

After his failed dinner party, when Banquo's ghost attends but Macduff does not, Macbeth tells his wife that he "keep[s] a servant fee'd" in all of his nobles' homes (3.4.164). So, he pays a servant in each house to spy for him and report the comings and goings back to him. This kind of surveillance is typical of a tyrant. Further, after the murder of Banquo and escape of Fleance, Lennox flat out calls Macbeth a "tyrant" when speaking to another Lord (3.6.25).  

Further, ordering the murder of Macduff's wife and children proves that he is a tyrant. Upon learning that Macduff has fled the country, he says,

The castle of Macduff I will surprise,
Seize upon Fife, give to th' edge o' th' sword
His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls
That trace him in his line. (4.1.171-174)

There is no reason to kill Macduff's family; Macbeth has nothing to gain politically or otherwise by the murder of a woman and her children. He only orders the killings to injure Macduff and to prove his own power. It is ruthless and incredibly cruel behavior indicative of his tyranny.

How and why does Juliet's relationship with the Nurse change? Is Juliet justified in her feelings toward the nurse?

The Nurse is Juliet's closest companion and confidante in Shakespeare's Romeo Juliet. Juliet confides in the Nurse about her most intimate secrets, especially her love for Romeo. She is, in fact, closer to the Nurse than her own parents, as evidenced by the discussion with Lady Capulet in Act I, Scene 3, which is dominated by the Nurse. The Nurse is also a foil to Juliet. A foil is a character who provides a contrast to another character. For a more complete discussion of how the Nurse is a foil to Juliet see the link below.

In Act III, Scene 5, Lord Capulet breaks the news to Juliet that he has promised her in marriage to Count Paris. When Juliet refuses (she is already married to Romeo), Capulet flies into a rage and berates his daughter, threatening to disown her. At first the Nurse attempts to defend Juliet. She says,

God in heaven bless her!
You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so.

But later, after Capulet has left, the Nurse advises Juliet to forget Romeo (he has been banished to Mantua) and marry Paris. She does not understand the devotion Juliet feels for Romeo. She even tells Juliet that the Count is a better man. She says,

Faith, here it is.
Romeo is banished, and all the world to nothing
That he dares ne’er come back to challenge you,
Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth.
Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,
I think it best you married with the County.
O, he’s a lovely gentleman!
Romeo’s a dishclout to him. An eagle, madam,
Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye
As Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart,
I think you are happy in this second match,
For it excels your first, or, if it did not,
Your first is dead, or ’twere as good he were
As living here and you no use of him.

This, of course, is not what Juliet wants to hear. She feels betrayed by the one person she thought would understand. At the end of the scene, she thanks the Nurse and dismisses her. It is the last conversation they ever have. She then reveals her negative response to the Nurse's advice. She doesn't understand how the Nurse could originally praise Romeo and then denounce him. She vows to never listen to the Nurse again:

Ancient damnation, O most wicked fiend!
Is it more sin to wish me thus forsworn
Or to dispraise my lord with that same tongue
Which she hath praised him with above compare
So many thousand times? Go, counselor.
Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain.

Juliet is definitely justified in her response to the Nurse. She could not marry Paris and it was hypocritical for the Nurse to change her mind about Romeo. Juliet needed more constructive advice from the Nurse. Instead she turns to the Friar, whose plan is ultimately fatal.

What kingdom do unicellular organisms, that lack a nucleus, belongs to?

Unicellular organisms are also known as single-celled organisms, because they have only one cell. In comparison, multicellular organisms are those that contain a number of cells. Some common examples of unicellullar organisms are bacteria and archaea. The unicellular organisms that do not contain any nucleus are known as prokaryotes. All other organisms are classified as eukaryotes. 

Prokaryotes or unicellular organisms, without a nucleus, are categorized in two different kingdoms:  Eubacteria and Archaebacteria or simply, bacteria and archaea, respectively. Sometimes these two kingdoms are also clubbed together as Monera.

Unicellular organisms with a nucleus are part of the kingdom Protista. Eukaryotes form three different kingdoms, namely, Fungi, Plantae (consists of all the plants) and Animalia (consists of all the animals that we know about).

Bacteria are most widely known unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus.

Hope this helps.  

What is a character sketch of Arthur Keller in The Story of My Life?

Arthur Keller was a Confederate Army captain during the Civil War, and he works as a newspaper editor. Helen describes him as "loving and indulgent," and she says he is generally at home and is devoted to his family. He only leaves for the hunting season. He excels at hunting, and he is very fond of his dogs and gun. Arthur is very hospitable and enjoys inviting people to his house. Helen says her father is generous almost to a fault.

Arthur takes pride in his garden, where he grows strawberries and watermelons, rumored to be the best in the county. He is kind towards Helen, bringing her grapes and berries and leading her tenderly from one plant to the next. He also enjoys telling stories and spells them into Helen's hands and delights in having her retell them. He died in 1896, when Helen was about 16 and living in the North.

How does the author's reference to The Arabian Nights help advance the plot in "The Monkey's Paw"?

The reference to the Arabian Nights reinforces the idea that the tale of the monkey’s paw seems like fantasy instead of reality.

One Thousand and One Nights or Arabian Nights contains stories that are magical and fantastical. These stories are set in a far-off, "exotic" place like the one where the paw comes from. To the Whites, India probably seems just as strange.

The reference to this book seems to make it clear that when they first wish on the paw, the Whites do not really know what they are doing. They think it is all a fantasy and nothing will actually happen. They are just having fun.

"Hold it up in your right hand, and wish aloud," said the Sargeant-Major, "But I warn you of the consequences."

"Sounds like the 'Arabian Nights'", said Mrs. White, as she rose and began to set the supper. "Don't you think you might wish for four pairs of hands for me."

Therefore, when the Sergeant-Major warns them about “consequences,” they do not actually take him seriously. He does tell them that the last person to wish on the paw used his third wish to wish for death, but they probably consider it just a story. It is a dark and stormy night, and their friend is telling ghost stories.

"If the tale about the monkey's paw is not more truthful than those he has been telling us," said Herbert, as the door closed behind their guest, just in time to catch the last train, "we shan't make much out of it."

Mr. White pays for the paw, but only a little. His friend does not want to take it. He just wants to be rid of the paw. They are probably thinking, why would someone give it to us if it is dangerous? As you can tell, they also believe that the other stories the soldier has been telling them are tall tales.

Of course, the Whites should have taken the paw seriously.  It turns out to be real, and to have disastrous consequences. Either that, or there are quite a few coincidences in this story!

How does the mood in "The Possibility of Evil" change from the beginning to end?

Shirley Jackson's "The Possibility of Evil" is similar to her story "The Lottery." In both the mood begins on a tranquil, commonplace, everyday note and gradually becomes more ominous until it is downright sinister at the end. Miss Strangeworth seems like a nice little old lady going about her simple daily routine in a peaceful town where she has lived all her life. She notices some signs of uneasiness and even distress in people she encounters. For example, Mr. Lewis the grocer seems troubled.

Mr. Lewis looked worried, she thought, and for a minute she hesitated, but then she decided that he surely could not be worried over the strawberries. He looked very tired indeed. He was usually so chipper.

Teenage Linda Stewart seems especially troubled. The reader is beginning to wonder what is going on in this little town. It is almost as if clouds are gathering and spreading their shadows all around. Shirley Jackson excels in evoking such darkening mood changes.

Many people seemed disturbed recently, Miss Strangeworth thought. Only yesterday the Stewarts' fifteen-year-old Linda had run crying down her own front walk and all the way to school, not caring who saw her. People around town thought she might have had a fight with the Harris boy, but they showed up together, at the soda shop after school as usual, both of them looking grim and bleak. Trouble at home, people concluded, and sighed over the problems of trying to raise kids right these days.

We will learn later than Miss Strangeworth had sent one of her anonymous letters to Linda's parents hinting that their daughter was having illicit relations with her boyfriend Dave Harris.

Then the mood gets really dark when the reader begins to realize that it is Miss Strangeworth who is creating most of the troubles with her anonymous letters. The author presents the texts of three of these letters and reveals the little old lady's sinister technique of spreading fear, suspicion, and enmity among the people she knows so well. The mood at this point is comparable to that of "The Lottery" when the reader begins to realize that this drawing is something that everybody in the town dreads. In "The Possibility of Evil" it is Miss Strangeworth herself who is the victim. Her letter to Don Crane gets hand-carried to him because she drops it accidentally at the post office. Now he knows the author of the other poison-pen letter regarding his baby which his wife recently received. Miss Strangeworth succeeds in bringing out the evil in this nice, easygoing small-town man. He destroys her prize rose bushes in the middle of the night and leaves her to wonder who might have done it. 

The mood in "The Possibility of Evil" begins in brightness and ends in darkness, just as in "The Lottery." The author's intention in both stories seems to be to illustrate the fact that there really is evil in human nature, and perhaps especially where it is least expected, in small-town America where people seem so neighborly and innocuous. In "The Lottery" the entire town participates in stoning a lone woman to death. In "The Possibility of Evil" it is the lone woman who victimizes an entire town.

What must occur before the pollination of an angiosperm can happen?

A flower is the reproductive organ of an angiosperm. The anatomy of a flower contains both male and female parts. Pollen is the male reproductive cell of a flower. Pollen is contained in the anther of a flower. An anther is located on top a stalk called a filament. In order to fertilization of the plant to occur, pollen must be transferred from the anther to the female part of a flower called the stigma. This transferring of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant is called pollination.

Before pollution can occur, pollen needs to be made. The pollen grains of an angiosperm are produced within the pollen sacs of an anther. Each sac contains a special chamber in which microspore mother cells are located. These microspore mother cells undergo meiosis. As a result, four haploid microspores are formed. It is from these microspores that pollen grains develop after subsequent mitotic divisions. There is a generative cell that is located in each pollen grain. It is this generative cell that will divide into sperm cells.  

Given the following aqueous reactants, write a balanced chemical equation to describe the reaction that occurs when they are mixed. Include the...

These are examples of possible double replacement reactions. They're also called precipitation reactions because if there’s a reaction a solid precipitate is produced. No precipitate will form if the possible products are both soluble in water.

The first set of solutions forms a precipitate because silver chloride is insoluble in water:

`Ag^+_(aq) + Cl^-_(aq)-> AgCl_((s))`

Set b has no reaction. The possible products, copper(II)nitrate and sodium chloride, are both soluble in water.

Set c has no reaction. The possible products, ammonium hydroxide and potassium chloride, are both soluble in water.

You can determine if an ionic compound is soluble by using a solubility table. There are three rules that are easy to memorize because they have no exceptions. Knowing these will help you determine the outcome of many double replacement reactions.

1. Salts containing alkali metal ions are always soluble.

2. Salts containing the nitrate ion are always soluble.

3. Salts containing the ammonium ion are always soluble.

The link below takes you to a more complete set of solubility rules.

How is Helium-3 different from Uranium? (No specific type of Uranium, just Uranium in general!)

The most striking difference would be that of size.  The helium-3 atom is much smaller than a uranium atom, having only 2 protons, 1 neutron, and 2 electrons in the outer energy level.  Uranium, by contrast, is much larger, having 92 protons, 143 to 146 neutrons, and 92 electrons arranged in various energy level structures.  The helium-3 atom is much less dense and therefore lighter than the standard uranium atom.  Uranium is much more dense and is heavier than helium-3. 

Uranium is one of the standard fuels used in nuclear reactors.  It breaks down by the emission of an alpha particle, which bears a striking resemblance to helium-3 in that it has 2 protons and 2 neutrons, but no electrons, giving the alpha particle a 2+ charge.  This emission of alpha particles gives off energy in the form of heat energy, which is used to turn water in the nuclear reactor to steam.  The steam, in turn, is used to drive the turbines of a dynamo to generate electrical energy.

Can micro- and macro-level theories be combined?

Microtheory and macrotheory can definitely be combined. In fact, macro and micro approaches are complementary methods; understanding one will lead to a better understanding of the other. 

Let's say microtheory looks at how individual behaviors related to smartphones affect productivity and relationships in the workplace. Microtheorists use observational methods, interviews, and record-keeping to inform their conclusions. Macrotheory looks at whether there have been any changes in workplace socialization since the rise of smartphones. Macrotheorists use surveys, raw data, and existing research to draw conclusions. 

A microtheorist might conclude that those who spend the most time on their smartphones are more productive while at work, but less socially bonded with their coworkers. Macrotheorists conclude that, given the data from 20 years ago, productivity is at an all-time high, but social bonding in the workplace is at an all-time low. The microtheorist can support his or her findings with the macrotheorist's findings, and vice versa. 

What are some examples of impressionism in An Episode of War?

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines literary impressionism as 'the depiction (as in literature) of scene, emotion, or character by details intended to achieve a vividness or effectiveness more by evoking subjective and sensory impressions than by recreating an objective reality.'

So, the literary impressionist is focused on presenting an impression of a character's reality through imagery which incorporates the five senses. We can see examples of this in Stephen Crane's An Episode of War. In the story, Crane never explicitly announces that the lieutenant has been shot, but he paints (in words) the sensory evidence of the soldier's injury. Furthermore, Crane is focused on our protagonist's feelings and sensations in regards to his injury. What the lieutenant sees, hears, feels, and touches encapsulates everything that the injury does to him.

What you and I read is what the lieutenant experiences as it happens. The immediacy of real-time action is evident in works exemplifying literary impressionism. When he is first shot, he is in shock. He doesn't know what to make of it; he 'winced like a man stung, swayed dangerously, and then straightened.' His men are as 'silent, astonished, and awed by this catastrophe' as he is. No one wants to believe that their leader has been injured, much less that he has been shot within the safety of their camp. Everyone tries to act 'normal,' but what is 'normal' supposed to feel like when one has been shot? Let's take a look at how Crane uses literary impressionism to describe the lieutenant's experience as he feels shock and pain in the aftermath of his injury. Bolded words are mine.

He looked at it in a kind of stupefaction, as if he had been endowed with a trident, a scepter, or a spade...This wounded officer engaged in a desperate struggle with the sword and the wobbling scabbard, and during the time of it, he breathed like a wrestler. (We can almost feel the lieutenant's raw desperation in this depiction of his struggle to hold on to his dignity. The subjective or organic imagery alerts us to his emotional paralysis and accompanying physical impotence).

He saw a general on a black horse gazing over the lines of blue infantry at the green woods which veiled his problems. An aide galloped furiously, dragged his horse suddenly to a halt, saluted, and presented a paper. It was, for a wonder, precisely like an historical painting. (This is what the lieutenant sees on his way to the field hospital. Both his injury and the battle scene before him seems surreal; he has sustained injury without benefit of battle. The 'historical painting' imagery alerts us to the lieutenant's shell-shocked state).

To the rear of the general and his staff a group, composed of a bugler, two or three orderlies, and the bearer of the corps standard, all upon maniacal horses, were working like slaves to hold their ground, preserve, their respectful interval, while the shells boomed in the air about them, and caused their chargers to make furious quivering leaps. (Here, kinesthetic imagery provides the impression of movement, violent action, and frantic desperation. Auditory imagery through the booming of the shells alerts us to the noisy specter of war).

A battery, a tumultuous and shining mass, was swirling toward the right.The wild thud of hoofs, the cries of the riders shouting blame and praise, menace and encouragement, and, last the roar of the wheels, the slant of the glistening guns, brought the lieutenant to an intent pause.The battery swept in curves that stirred the heart; it made halts as dramatic as the crash of a wave on the rocks, and when it fled onward, this aggregation of wheels, levers, motors, had a beautiful unity, as if it were a missile. The sound of it was a war-chorus that reached into the depths of man's emotion. (Here again, both auditory and kinesthetic imagery alerts us to the chaotic atmosphere of war on the battlefield).

The above are only a few examples of literary impressionism from the story.  Hope this helps!

In The Giver Asher gets a job called Assistant Director of Recreation. What does that job mean?

Asher’s assignment means that he is training to take over the department in charge of games.

Asher is Jonas’s best friend.  Before the Ceremony of Twelve, Jonas is worried that his friend will not be able to get a good assignment because he is more playful than serious.

"I worry a little about Asher's Assignment," Jonas confessed.  "Asher's such fun. But he doesn't really have any serious interests. He makes a game out of everything." (Ch, 2)

Assignments are handed out based on a child’s predispositions and interests.  The children are watched carefully in the years before they turn twelve.  The committee uses these observations to determine what profession would best suit the children, since no one actually chooses their own job.

The Recreation Director is in charge of playtime for the community’s children.  Children only play until the age of twelve, but they take part in organized games designed by the Recreation Director.  Asher is given the assignment of Assistant Director of recreation because he is playful.  The Chief Elder describes the qualities that make Asher ideal for the job.

His corrections and apologies are very prompt. And his good humor is unfailing." The audience murmured in agreement. Asher's cheerful disposition was well-known throughout the community. (Ch. 7)

When Jonas begins his own training, he learns many things about his community that no one else knows. One of the things he learns is the real nature of war.  Jonas tries to explain to Asher that they should not play war games.  Asher is irritated at what he sees as Jonas’s meddling.

"I'm the one who's training for Assistant Recreation Director," Asher pointed out angrily. "Games aren't your area of expertness." (Ch. 17)

Asher insists that Jonas cannot say what they play, because that is his job as the Assistant Recreation Director. Asher is training for the position of being in charge of all of games, not Jonas.  He does not understand what Jonas is talking about or why he would interfere, because no one else in the community knows any history.  War is nothing but a game to Asher.

What was Iago's first plan? How did it fail?

Iago's first plan was to ruin Othello's marriage by informing Desdemona's family of their secret elopement. He believes that this will turn her family against the general, and possibly even lead to a divorce. He and Roderigo (a rival suitor for Desdemona's affection) go to Desdemona's father's house and get him upset about the possibility. Iago succeeds at first. Barbantio is convinced that Othello has stolen his daughter through witchcraft. Iago underestimates Othello, however. The general is able to calm the men who come to capture him, and later he explains how he did not steal Desdemona through witchcraft, but rather earned her love by telling stories about his past. The plan fails, and the Barbantio does not force a divorce between the two lovers.

Solids are said to have what type of shape?

Solids can be many different shapes. However, solids are said to have “definite shapes." This means that the shape of a solid is consistent and does not take on the shape of the container in which it is placed.

Solids have definite shapes because their particles have very little kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Thus, the particles that make up solids do not move much. This enables the shape of a solid to be maintained.

A solid is one of three states of matter. The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. The states of matter are often defined by their shapes and volumes, as described below.

• Solids are said to have definite shapes and definite volumes.


• Liquids are said to take the shape of the containers (indefinite shape) and a definite volume.


• Gases are said to have indefinite shapes and indefinite volumes.

What do you “say” when you come to an arrow in a food chain?

Living things require energy which enters ecosystems as light and exits for the most part as heat. A food chain or web is a diagram that shows feeding relationships among members of a community.

In any food chain, arrows point up to the next trophic or feeding level. Therefore, arrows indicate that the food chain is progressing from one organism to the next in a feeding relationship. Look at the food chain below:

grass--> grasshopper-->frog--> snake-->hawk 

The autotroph or producer is the grass, a green plant capable of capturing energy from the sun and converting it to the organic compound glucose which is chemical energy.

The grass will be eaten by a primary consumer or herbivore which is the grasshopper, a plant eater. The grasshopper will be consumed by a secondary consumer, a frog which is a carnivore. A snake can eat the frog--it is a third level consumer and a hawk can eat the snake--a fourth level consumer. It is assumed that all levels will eventually have the matter in their bodies returned to their basic elements via the action of decomposers which are bacteria and fungi and return to the environment.

For your question, when you see an arrow, it indicates the organism that the arrow is pointing to feeds on the organism BELOW it, so you'd say "feeds on."

What line in The Odyssey does Penelope ask for death?

Penelope wishes for death in Book 18, lines 202-204, of Homer's masterpiece, the Odyssey. Specifically, she laments:

How I wish chaste Artemis would give me a death so soft, and now, so I would not go on in my heart grieving all my life, and longing for love of a husband excellent in every virtue.

The reason Penelope wishes for death is that she misses her husband, Odysseus, and does not want to remarry. Unfortunately, Odysseus has been gone nearly two decades, and all signs indicate that he is dead. To make matters worse, her family, many suitors, and even Odysseus himself (prior to his departure for Troy) have pressured her to remarry, so she does not feel like she truly has a choice in the matter. All she can do is delay the inevitable.

This hopelessness, which causes her to weep throughout the epic and leads the reader to sympathize with her plight, leads her to wish for death. Thankfully, this wish is not fulfilled, for Odysseus returns home, slays the suitors, and reclaims his rightful place as king of Ithaca.

Why did George order Lennie to leave Curley's wife alone?

There are two reasons why George ordered Lennie to stay away from Curley's wife. 

First, Lennie does not know how to interact with people.  Therefore, people can misunderstand him, which could cause trouble.  This is especially important, because Curley is the boss's son.  We should also note that George and Lennie had to flee in the past, because of a misunderstanding between Lennie and another woman.  In connection with this, Lennie does not know his own strength.  So, an accident can happen. 

Second, George does not trust Curley's wife.  For example, the men were saying that she had the eye.  Here is the dialogue:

“Yeah? Married two weeks and got the eye? Maybe that’s why Curley’s pants is full of ants." “I seen her give Slim the eye. Slim’s a jerkline skinner. Hell of a nice fella. Slim don’t need to wear no high-heeled boots on a grain team. I seen her give Slim the eye. Curley never seen it. An’ I seen her give Carlson the eye.”

George does not want any trouble.  Hence, it is better if Lennie stays away.  He was right. 

In Maniac Magee, what did Amanda discover about the confetti and what did Maniac do about it?

The confetti incident happens right after Maniac Magee successfully unties the infamous "Cobble's Knot." Once he drops the untied knot to the ground, the crowd surrounding him begins to cheer and they start throwing homemade confetti. The whole thing is one big celebration.
 
However, in the midst of the festivities, Maniac's friend, Amanda, realizes that the confetti is actually made from the ripped up pages of her favorite book, the encyclopedia A. Understandably, she's distraught and starts following the paper trail (literally) to the front door of her house.
 
Maniac, of course, feels terrible about this because he knows Amanda's book was destroyed due to the fact that some of the East Enders don't want him in their neighborhood. Although he wants nothing more than to hug and comfort Amanda, he knows that if he sticks around, she'll continue to be harassed. So instead of doing that, Maniac decides to leave town.

Why the Earth and all other planets move around the Sun?

All the planets of our solar system, including Earth, rotate around Sun. The reason is gravity. Sun's gravity pulls all the planets towards it and causes them to revolve around it. This motion can be traced back to the formation of these planets. The Sun is our star and like all other stars is made from hot gases in the plasma state.

The Sun is our nearest star. It is, as all stars are, a hot ball of gas made up mostly of Hydrogen. The Sun is so hot that most of the gas is actually plasma, the fourth state of matter. ("NASA - Sun-Earth Connection," nasa.gov)

Though acted upon by gravity, these hot gases (mostly hydrogen) are spinning at high rates, so high that some plasma escapes the Sun's gravity as solar wind.

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that all bodies exert a gravitational pull proportional to mass (and inversely proportional to distance) on each other, and the Sun, being more massive than planets, is capable of gravitationally pulling planets.

How did Adam Smith's philosophy of government non-intervention in business impact the United States?

Adam Smith’s ideas, or at least the general idea that government should not interfere in the private economic sector, had a strong impact in the United States.  While many conservatives in the US believe that the government regulates things too much, the US has a system in which the government is much less involved in the economy than governments typically are in, for example, most European countries.

Adam Smith came up with the idea that an economy should be run by the “invisible hand.”  What this meant is that the government (the visible hand) should not try to control the economy. Instead, the government should allow market forces of supply and demand to determine what happens in the economy.  Whether Americans got this idea from Adam Smith or not, the idea clearly caught on rather strongly in the US.

The US has always been at least somewhat more conservative when it comes to government intervention in the economy.  In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there was very little regulation of any sort.  Even after the role of government expanded after the Great Depression, the US did not go for things like having the government own key industries. Many other countries went in this direction, but the US did not.  Today, the US government continues to stay out of economic decisions more than most developed countries’ governments do.

We can say, then, that Adam Smith’s ideas helped to make the US a more conservative place than many other developed countries.  This has, perhaps, helped make the US economy wealthier, but it may also have created a situation in which Americans are more willing to accept economic inequality than people in other countries are.

Contrast Atticus Finch's belief with that expressed by the speaker in Langston Hughes's poem "Justice." Explain why they have opposing points of...

Langston Hughes, an African-American poet, wrote "Justice" about the unjust way in which African-Americans were treated. The poem reads, "That Justice is a blind goddess / Is a thing to which we black are wise: / Her bandage hides two festering sores / That once perhaps were eyes." Hughes uses the metaphor of justice as a blindfolded goddess to explain the unfairness of the treatment of African-Americans in American society. In his poem, justice is not only blind but doesn't even have eyes, only sores where her eyes used to be. In other words, it's impossible for African-Americans to receive fair treatment in America.

Unlike the narrator of Langston Hughes's poem, Atticus Finch believes in the power of the justice system to provide an example to the rest of society. Though it is very difficult for him to defend Tom Robinson, an African-American man, he does so. When Scout asks him in Chapter 9 of To Kill a Mockingbird why he is defending Tom, Atticus answers: “'For a number of reasons,' said Atticus. 'The main one is, if I didn’t I couldn’t hold up my head in town, I couldn’t represent this county in the legislature, I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again'" (page 77; page numbers vary according to the edition). In other words, Atticus feels that the justice system must be upheld. Even though he knows he will likely lose his case, he feels it is worthwhile to defend Tom, as every person has the right to a defense in the American criminal justice system. Atticus likely believes that ultimately, justice will be served, as people who are watching him will learn to reaffirm the power of the justice system. By mounting a defense of Tom, he is doing his duty, and he believes that he can't be a respected member of society if he does not. Atticus thinks that while justice is perhaps blindfolded for the moment, justice is not blind. Her eyes are not sores, and she can still see, so the justice system, while flawed, is worth upholding because it is not totally broken. One day, Atticus thinks, justice will remove her blindfold and see again.

The reason that Atticus and the narrator of Hughes's poem perhaps have opposing points of view is that Atticus is a white man who is a lawyer. He has privileges that come from his race and class in a small southern town in the 1930s. The narrator of Hughes's poem is, on the other hand, a black man from around the same time period who has witnessed and perhaps been subject to great discrimination and unfairness in an unjust American society.

A crossdock is being planned that will feed parts to three manufacturing facilities. The locations of the current plants with their coordinates and...

Hello!

The centroid method for such a case states that to find the optimal coordinates of a crossdock we have to calculate the weighed sums of the coordinates of the current plants. The weights mentioned are the volume requirements.

The formulas are  `x=(sum_(k=1)^n V_k*x_k)/(sum_(k=1)^n V_k)`  and  `y=(sum_(k=1)^n V_k*y_k)/(sum_(k=1)^n V_k),`

where `n=3,`  `x_k` and `y_k` are the coordinates given and `V_k` are the volume requirements.

Compute  `sum_(k=1)^n V_k` first, it is `5000+7000+1000=13000.`

Then  `sum_(k=1)^n V_k*x_k = 5000*55+7000*37+1000*80=614000`  

and  `sum_(k=1)^n V_k*y_k = 5000*20+7000*40+1000*90=470000.`

Therefore the coordinates of a new crossdock are

`x=614000/13000 approx 47`  and  `y=470000/13000 approx 36.`

That said, this method isn't correct even when its assumptions are held. As shown in the article (see the link), this method actually minimizes the sum of squares of shipping costs, not the sum of shipping costs itself.

How did British colonists feel toward Britain after the war?

After the Revolutionary War, there were mixed feelings in the colonies about the British. During the Revolutionary War, there were people who supported Great Britain. These loyalists continued to support Great Britain after the war ended. There were other people who also realized that we needed to have political and economic connections to Great Britain. We needed to trade with them, and we modeled our government, to some degree, after the British system based on British ideas. Even though we fought them for our independence, these people realized we needed to have political and economic relationships with Great Britain after the war ended.

There were other people who felt we should be more supportive of and friendly with France. These people were concerned that British were interfering with trade after the war ended. They were concerned that the British were encouraging the Native Americans in the West to attack us. They didn’t like that the British didn’t leave the forts in the West like they were supposed to do. They also remembered that France provided help to us during the Revolutionary War. Thus, there was a group of people that believed we should have a stronger connection with France rather than with Great Britain.

What effects does starting the story with a quatrain in Latin have on your impression of the story?

The Latin quatrain, without translation, gives the story a feeling of mystery, religious overtones, and gravitas. For someone who doesn't know Latin, if the translation is not provided, reading the quatrain results in confusion and uncertainty. This is not unlike the narrator's state in the first paragraph, for he seems to be in a partial dream state where he does not fully comprehend or recognize the voices around him. Second, if one recognizes the words as Latin, one may have the feeling of being in a Latin mass in a Catholic church. Again, this religious atmosphere matches the setting of the first paragraph because the man is on trial by the Spanish Inquisition, an institution of the Catholic Church. Finally, Latin generally impresses a reader, signifying a rich history and depth of learning. Latin is a very old language, so the quatrain gives the story a feeling of history and solemnity, both consistent with the mood Poe wants to create in the story. Even if the reader does not know Latin at all, the quatrain helps establish the mystery, religious context, and historical feeling of the story that Poe was aiming for.

What happens up to the very middle of the book Unwind?

During the first three chapters of the book, the reader is introduced to the three main characters.  Chapter one focuses on Connor.  Connor is hanging out with his girlfriend and trying to convince her to go AWOL with him.  He has found out that his parents are going to have him unwound.  Later than night, Connor sneaks out of his house to find his girlfriend.  She doesn't want to come with him anymore, so he goes on his own.  Connor makes it to a local truck stop and hides in the back of a semi truck.  Eventually he is discovered and takes off running away from the cops.  He causes a big freeway mess and ends up hauling Lev out of the car.  

Chapter 2 is about Risa.  She lives in an orphanage, is a good piano player, and she finds out that she is going to be transferred to a harvest camp.  

Chapter 3 is about Lev.  He is going to be tithed to a harvest camp, and he thinks it is the greatest thing is the world.  He's really upset that Connor pulled him away from his chosen destiny.  

The three characters run away together for a bit.  Lev leaves the group and eventually finds a kid named CyFi.  He's had half of his brain replaced by an unwind, and is dealing with some serious split personality issues.  Lev follows him all the way to the house where his donor's brain came from.  

Meanwhile Connor and Risa stumble upon the underground unwind smuggling organization.  They are spirited away in a basement to hide until transport to the desert.  It is here that the reader meets Roland, who will be Connor's antagonist through the rest of the story.  That's about the middle of the book.  

What is Hally's father like in "Master Harold". . .and the boys?

In "Master Harold". . .and the boys, Hally's father--quite frankly--is not a good man.  It is clear that Hally is glad to not have his father at home because when his mother first calls from the hospital, Hally gets very agitated by the mere notion that his father might be coming home.  One would expect that a child is happy that his father is coming home from the hospital, but Hally does not want him around, indicating that the father must be a bit despicable.  As the play continues, Hally reveals that his father is not kind to his mother (it seems that he controls her) and that he discriminates against black people (Hally says that his father does not like natives).  Near the end of the play, Hally tells Sam about the ugly joke that his father always tells him:  "It's not fair, Hally."  Hally's father degrades black people and expects that his son do the same.  So, Hally's father is characterized largely as a despicable man.

What is the chemical formula for 8 hydrogen atoms? Is it 4H2?

A hydrogen atom is denoted by the letter "H". Any number of hydrogen atoms will also be denoted by the same symbol, since all of them are identical. Hydrogen gas has molecules, each of which is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and has a molecular formula of `H_2` . The question mentions chemical formula for 8 hydrogen atoms. As already mentioned all atoms of the same element are identical (assuming the same isotope) and hence 8 hydrogen atoms will be denoted as H. `H_2`  is a molecule and not an atom and hence `4H_2`  is not the right option. 8 hydrogen atoms will not even combine together to form `H_8` , unlike carbon, whose atoms are capable of forming long chains (due to catenation).

Hope this helps. 

Can the problem of scarcity be resolved?

The problem of scarcity can never be resolved. It is the fundamental problem that makes the study of economics possible.  All people, in all places and times, are faced with scarcity.

Scarcity is the condition that arises because people have unlimited wants but only have limited resources with which to fulfill those wants.  If we think about this, we will see that this is true for all people, no matter how rich. Let us say that we have as much money as Bill Gates.  We will still not be able to have everything we want at each moment.  Imagine that Bill Gates wants to buy an island for himself. There are many islands that he cannot have, because they are not for sale.  He can also probably not buy every island that would be for sale. Even if he can buy every island that is for sale, he still has to make choices due to scarcity. If he uses $1 billion to buy an island, he cannot use that same $1 billion to invest or to put towards his charitable foundation.   Regardless of how much money he has, he has had to make a choice about what to do with that specific amount of money.

Now consider the fact that Bill Gates also does not have unlimited time and he cannot do unlimited things at the same time. Let us say that he wants to go on vacation. While on vacation, he will not be able to work full time (of course, he can bring work, but at any one moment, he will either be relaxing or doing work, not both).  For his vacation, he can only go to one place at a time. He cannot be in Hawaii and Jamaica at the same time.  He can probably afford to go anywhere he wants, but he cannot go to two places at once. Therefore, he must make choices about what to do and where to go at any given time.

In these ways, scarcity exists for everyone at all times.  There is no way to resolve the problem of scarcity in this world.

How did Lincoln attempt to carve out a moderate position on slavery?

Abraham Lincoln attempted to carve out a moderate position on slavery by saying that he opposed slavery on moral grounds while also saying that he was not in favor of abolition.  He particularly did not believe that the federal government had the right to end slavery.  Instead, he wanted slavery to be confined to the areas where it then existed rather than allowing it to spread.

A moderate position is one that is centrist rather than extreme.  One extreme position on slavery was to believe that it was a good thing and that it should be allowed in parts of the United States other than the South.  Many Southerners believed this.  They wanted slavery to be legal in many new territories outside the South.  Lincoln certainly did not subscribe to this view.

Another extreme position on slavery was to believe that it needed to be abolished immediately, forcibly if necessary.  According to this position, the government should make slavery illegal in the United States.  Lincoln also did not agree with this view (most Northerners did not either).  Instead, Lincoln took a view that was in between these two extreme views.  He said that he personally believed that slavery was wrong.  He said that he would never be willing to own a slave.  He said that it would be okay with him if slavery disappeared.  However, he did not say that the government should abolish it, saying instead that he did not think the US government had the right to do so under the Constitution.  Here are two quotes that support this characterization of Lincoln’s views:

I think Slavery is wrong, morally, and politically. I desire that it should be no further spread in these United States, and I should not object if it should gradually terminate in the whole Union.

I say that we must not interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists, because the constitution forbids it, and the general welfare does not require us to do so.

What is the significance of Macbeth's absence in act 1, scene 6?

In this scene, Duncan and his men arrive at Macbeth's castle and are greeted by Lady Macbeth. Macbeth's absence heightens the dramatic irony of Duncan's entrance. In dramatic irony, the reader or viewer has information that the characters do not. We know, from the prior scene, that Macbeth has ridden home ahead of the king to consult with his wife about murdering Duncan. 

Thus, King Duncan's comments about the pleasant aspect and "sweet" air of Macbeth's castle being pleasing to his "gentle" sense drips with irony because we know that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are plotting his murder. Banquo echoes Duncan's sentiments, saying the "air is delicate" and praising the birds.

Having Macbeth absent highlights Lady Macbeth's treachery, allowing her to step to the forefront and reveal her deceptive ways as she deceives her guests with false hospitality, pretending that the castle will offer them every honor and protection.

There's also irony in Duncan's assumption that Macbeth took off ahead of them, riding so quickly they couldn't keep up, out of his "love" for Duncan, interpreting this haste as Macbeth's desire to prepare for the visit. He doesn't understand that Macbeth's "preparation" for his stay is to plot with his wife to murder him. Macbeth's absence allows Duncan all the more freedom to interpret events as he wants them to be.  

In James Joyce's "Eveline," what does Eveline's father think about Frank?

In James Joyce's story "Eveline," Eveline's father forbids her from having anything to do with Frank because, as he says, "I know these sailor chaps." There are two ways in which this can be interpreted:

1. Eveline's father is attempting to protect his daughter from  this "sailor chap." 


2. Eveline's father would object to anyone who courts his daughter because it would disrupt his lifestyle.

Like all Joyce stories, the answer is probably not simple and is perhaps a combination of the two possibilities. 

Eveline's father is dependent on his daughter as he counts on her to keep the household together. He would take all of Eveline's wages and then after spending much of them as he would come home "fairly bad of a Saturday night" (drunk), he relies on the girl to do Sunday's shopping. In addition, he counts on her "to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly. If Eveline leaves with Frank, all of this stops and her father must figure out how to make it on his own.

However, it's also possible that Eveline's father is right about Frank being one of those "sailor chaps." Throughout Dubliners, the collection of stories that includes "Eveline," sailors are seen as perhaps untrustworthy. In one of the book's previous stories, "An Encounter," the boys go on a boat looking for adventure. In recent analysis of the story, some experts believe it is possible that Frank was not attempting to woo Eveline toward a marriage, but was tricking her into becoming a sex slave.

In Chapter 20 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, what does Atticus say during his closing remarks to the jury that are similar to the ideas...

James Edwin Horton Jr. was the son of a Tennessee slave owner. After studying medicine and law, he began a legal and political career that led to his election as judge of the Eighth Circuit Court in 1922 and his re-election in 1933. Judge Horton presided over the second trial of the Scottsboro defendants during the famous Scottsboro Case of 1931, a case in which nine African-American youths were falsely accused of raping two white women on a train in Alabama. During Haywood Patterson's second trial, Dr. Marvin Lynch, who refused to testify, spoke privately with Judge Horton in his chambers and stated his opinion that, based on the testimony of the examining doctor, Dr. R. R. Ridges, Dr. Lynch did not believe the two women had been raped, just as Atticus did not believe Mayella had been raped by Robinson.

Since Judge Horton was convinced of the innocence of the accused, he spoke very passionately to the jury, just as Atticus spoke very passionately during his closing remarks. Upon instructing the jury, Judge Horton stated the following:

You are not trying whether or not the defendant is white of black--you are not trying that question; you are trying whether or not this defendant forcibly ravished a woman. ("People & Events: Judge James Edwin Horton Jr., 1878 - ?," PBS)

Atticus makes two very similar remarks in his closing statements to the jury. First, he reminds the jury of the racial bias tainting the case by stating the following:

To begin with, this case should never have come to trial. This case is as simple as black and white. The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence to the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. (Ch. 20)

In other words, Atticus is arguing that the jury's decision should be plain and simple due to lack of any medical evidence. In addition, his reference to "black and white" is very reminiscent of Judge Horton reminding the jury not to rule based on whether or not someone is black or white.

In a second remark Atticus makes in his closing statements, Atticus reminds the jury that "a court is no better" than its jury, which is also very reminiscent of Judge Horton's reminder to the jury to judge fairly based on evidence, not on race.

Why does Mr. Dussel cause Peter to become furious in The Diary of Anne Frank?

Peter is angry at Dussel because he says that someone ate his cat Moushi. 

Most of the altercations between Peter and Dussel are about Peter’s cat.  Peter brought the cat into hiding with him, and he loved it very much.  From the minute Dussel first found out about the cat, he was upset.  He claimed he was allergic.

Peter made a fool out of Dussel by pretending he was holding a cat under his coat.  When Dussel acted sick, Peter revealed that he wasn’t even holding a cat.

DUSSEL. [Still wheezing.]  It doesn’t need to be the cat … his clothes are enough … when he comes out of that room… (Act 1, Scene 5)

Mr. Van Daan tells Dussel that they are getting rid of their son’s cat.  He doesn’t like the cat either, feeling that the cat eats their food and Peter spends too much time with it.  When Peter objects that he only feeds the cat scraps, Van Daan says the cat “looks better than any of us.”

The cat does disappear, however.  Peter is distraught, and Dussel has no sympathy.  When the cat has been gone for a week and Miep can't find it, Dussel tells Peter that someone probably ate it.

DUSSEL. Make up your mind, already someone has had a nice big dinner from that cat! (Act 2, Scene 1)

Peter is “inarticulate” and furious at this comment.  He acts as if he wants to hit Dussel, but Mr. Frank praises the dinner to “ease the situation.”  Things just get more tense, however, when Peter says that his father is going to sell his mother’s fur coat.

With this many people trapped in a confined area, conflict is bound to occur.  Mr. Dussel did not get along with either Anne or Peter.  Both disliked his bluster and rudeness.  He was just another adult to tell them what to do in a house where adults outnumbered kids.

A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 27.3 m/s from a height of 2.0 m. How long does it take to reach its highest point? How long...

Consider the two parts of the ball's motion separately.

First, the ball is traveling upward. Since the initial velocity is directed up, and the gravitational acceleration is directed down, the ball will slow down and eventually stop. Then, it will start moving down. So, at the highest point, the ball's velocity is 0.

We can use this equation of motion to find the time it takes the ball to reach the highest point:

`v_f = v_0 + at`

`v_f = 0` as discussed above, `v_0 = 27.3 m/s` and `a =-9.82 m/s^2` (negative, because it is in the direction opposite to initial velocity.)

Plugging these values into the equation results in

0 = 27.3 - 9.82t

From here `t = 27.3/9.82= 2.78 s`

The time it takes the ball to reach the highest point is 2.78 seconds.

To find how long it will take the ball to hit the ground afterwards, we first need to find the height of the highest point. Since we already know the time it took the ball to get there, we can use the equation

`h = h_0 + v_0t+at^2/2`

The initial height is `h_0 = 2m` , so

`h = 2 + 27.3(2.78) - 9.82(2.78)^2/2`  = 39.9 meters.

So the balls falls down from the height of h = 39.9 meters with initial velocity 0. The time it will take the ball to hit the ground is determined by

`0 = h +at^2/2`

`0 = 39.9 - 9.82*t^2/2`

From here `t = sqrt((2*39.9)/9.82) = ` 2.85 seconds.

It will take the ball 2.85 seconds after it reaches the highest point to hit the ground.

Calculate the approximate number of years it will take for real GDP per person to double if an economy maintains an economic growth rate of 12...

Hello!

GDP per person is total GDP divided by a population size. Let's denote the initial GDP as `A` and the initial population size as `B.` Then the initial GDP per person is `A/B.`

After a year, GDP will grow by 12 percent and becomes `A*1.12.` A population will grow by 10 percent and becomes `B*1.10.` So GDP per person becomes  `A/B*1.12/1.1.`

After each next year GDP per person will be multiplied by the same factor, `1.12/1.1.` Thus after `n` years it becomes  `A/B*(1.12/1.1)^n.`

And the problem is to find such `n` that `A/B*(1.12/1.1)^n=A/B*2,` or  `(1.12/1.1)^n=2.`

To solve this equation it is necessary to use logarithms. Take natural logarithm on both sides:

`n*ln(1.12/1.1)=ln(2), or n=ln(2)/(ln(1.12/1.1)).`

This is equal to approximately 38.5. Therefore it will take 39 full years for real GDP per person to double.

What is the separation in "A Christmas Memory" by Truman Capote?

At the end of the story, Buddy and his friend are separated when Buddy's family decides it is best if he goes off to military school.

We discover this was the last Christmas that he and his friend spent together, and after he is gone at school (for an undetermined amount of time), his friend dies. While they are physically separated, the story ends with a beautiful sentence that shows Buddy feels their spirits are still together:

"As if I expected to see, rather like hearts, a lost pair of kites hurrying toward heave" (Capote).

Their separation was foreshadowed earlier in the story when his friend said that she was worried about him growing up and growing away from her. She was worried he would go away. Ultimately, he does not have a chance to grow up and away from her, as he is sent to military school against his will.

This story was an autobiographical one about Truman Capote's own memories of Christmas with his distant cousin, Sook. He, too, was sent off to military school.

What are some quotes from The Outsiders that are about Sodapop? How do they fit or accentuate his personality?

Soda is fun and handsome, and everybody loves him.

Soda is Pony’s older brother.  He is kind and compassionate and Pony is closer to him than to their older brother Darry.  The three boys have been alone since their parents died in a car crash, with Darry taking care of them and playing the role of the parent.  Pony comments that Soda is different from everybody else.

I love Soda more than I've ever loved anyone, even Mom and Dad. He's always happy-go-lucky and grinning, while Darry's hard and firm and rarely grins at all. But then, Darry's gone through a lot in his twenty years, grown up too fast. Sodapop'll never grow up at all. (Ch. 1)

Soda is so kind and carefree that everyone else loves him too.  When he meets Cherry and her friend Marcia at the movies, they know who Soda is because he works at a convenience store.  Even Soda’s appearance seems to signify how easy-going he is.

He's got dark-gold hair that he combs back--- long and silky and straight--- and in the summer the sun bleaches it to a shining wheat gold. His eyes are dark brown--- lively, dancing, recklessly laughing eyes that can be gentle and sympathetic one moment and blazing with anger the next. He has Dad's eyes, but Soda is one of a kind. (Ch. 1)

Soda is more than just one of the gang.  Everyone loves him as much as Pony.  Soda is unique.  He rode in rodeos and loved horses.  His father made him give it up when he got hurt.  Soda dropped out of school, and he doesn’t like books or movies, but he loves life.

Cherry says that Soda is “a doll.”  The girls seem to like him—all girls.

I don't like to go on weekends because then there is usually a bunch of girls down there flirting with Soda--- all kinds of girls, Socs too. I don't care too much for girls yet. Soda says I'll grow out of it. He did. (Ch. 2)

Pony admires Soda and looks up to him.  Since he has so many problems with Darry, Pony finds solace in Soda.  Darry also seems to love Soda more than him, because he never yells at Soda the way he yells at Pony.  Darry probably figures that Soda is done, but Pony is young enough that he still needs work.

A good way to come up with a scientific question for an experiment is to _____.

Scientific method requires a good hypothesis, a question or an explanation of why something happens or what will happen. Experiments are then conducted and data is collected and analyzed to test the hypothesis. Based on the experimental results, the hypothesis is verified or modified or rejected. 

Therefore, a good way to come up with a scientific question for an experiment is to hypothesize, that is, coming up with a hypothesis. A good and valid hypothesis is testable and fallible. This means that we should be able to test it using experimentation and if need be, we should be able to reject it or modify it. A hypothesis is not just any random guess, it is an educated guess based on available information. A good question or a good hypothesis will be based on what the experiment hopes to measures and the reason behind it. 

Hope this helps. 

In Shirley Jackson's "The Possibility of Evil," what seems to be important to Miss Strangeworth?

While it may seem ironic due to Miss Strangeworth's hurtful behavior, both righteousness and purity are values she regards with utmost importance. 
 
Even though the things she writes to her neighbors can be hurtful and mean, she only says them because she wants to save them from any "evil" that may be lurking about.
 
For example, she writes a letter to Mr. Lewis alerting him that his grandson is stealing from the cash register at work. Similarly, she writes a somewhat vague letter to Mrs. Harper asking her if she has yet discovered what the other women at the bridge club were laughing about once she left. She signs off questioning whether the wife is actually the last to know, implying that her husband is cheating on her. 
 
While Miss Strangeworth usually has no definitive proof when she writes her letters, she feels justified in sending them anyway because she believes that what she's doing is good.
 
When describing Miss Strangeworth's attitude towards her "work," the narrator says that while the letters may be harsh, "wickedness was never easily banished, and a clean heart was a scoured heart..." (Jackson, 6). 

In The Great Gatsby, highlight the faults of the male characters and explain how those faults influence the reader's lack of sympathy for them.

Firstly, please be careful about assuming how any reader feels about a character in a literary work. Responses to literature are varied and complex. That said, I will try to provide an assessment based on your question.

Let's start with Tom Buchanan who, one can generally assume, is the most loathsome character in the novel. He is racist, pompous, a philanderer, a snob, and someone who thinks that his money entitles him to treat people disrespectfully. In some ways he operates as a foil for Gatsby. Buchanan comes from money; Gatsby is a "self-made man." Gatsby epitomizes a romantic ideal; Buchanan is the man whom Daisy married out of practicality, as a response to the expectations of a woman of her social standing.

In discussions in which I have participated, readers generally tend to be more sympathetic to Gatsby's faults. He is a man who is holding on to the past and to his love for a woman who is incapable, it seems, of loving anyone. He is also a man who has made the fatal mistake of thinking that, by becoming rich (the ultimate measure of success in American society), people will forget his impoverished upbringing and he will be welcomed into the upper echelons of society. This does not turn out to be true, as both Daisy and Tom remind him that he is of a lower status than they.

There is considerably less focus on Nick Carraway's faults. He is the narrator of the tale. In this novel, his function is that of an observer, so he does not spend much time thinking about his own personality. If the reader is meant to identify with anyone in the novel, it is him. He is the most democratically-minded one of all of them. This is especially true in regard to his final assessment of Tom and Daisy Buchanan: 

"They were careless people...they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made..." (179).

Explain how and why the rate of a reaction changes. Use ideas about the collisions between particles.

The effect of collisions between particles on reaction rate is described by collision theory. According to collision theory, a reaction can only occur if the reactant particles are able to collide with one another. Anything that increases the probability that the reactant particles will collide, also increases the rate of the reaction.

Temperature and Particle Collision

When the reactants are heated, the reactant particles move faster. This makes it more likely that they will collide with one another and react.

Catalysts and Particle Collision

A catalyst provides an alternate route for a reaction occur. As particles gather on the surface of the catalyst, they are able to collide more frequently and the reaction rate increases.

Surface Area and Particle Collision

The greater the surface area of the reactant particles, the more likely they will collide and react. The surface area of a reactant can be increased by breaking it into smaller pieces.

Concentration and Particle Collision

For many reactions, increasing the concentration of the reactant particles increases the reaction rate. The more reactant particles that are present, the more likely it is that they will collide and react.

In Romeo and Juliet how does Romeo react to the news that he is banished from Verona?

Romeo is very emotional after the fighting which takes place in Act III, Scene 1. His best friend Mercutio is dead and he has killed Tybalt. And after hearing he has been banished from Verona he becomes quite distraught. He is deaf to Friar Lawrence's claims that he is actually fortunate. He tells Friar Lawrence that he would rather die than be placed in exile. He says in Act III, Scene 2,

Ha, banishment? Be merciful, say “death,”
For exile hath more terror in his look,
Much more than death. Do not say “banishment.”

He goes on about how he will not be able to see Juliet. Others will, and even the dogs and cats can gaze on her beauty, but not him:

’Tis torture and not mercy. Heaven is here
Where Juliet lives, and every cat and dog
And little mouse, every unworthy thing,
Live here in heaven and may look on her,
But Romeo may not. 

At one point he even throws himself dramatically down on the floor as he argues with the Friar about the merits of being banished. The Friar tries to convince Romeo he is lucky that the Prince didn't sentence him to death. The Nurse then shows up and Romeo begins to pull himself together. In the Nurse's presence the Friar launches into a monologue chastising Romeo, saying, "Thy tears are womanish", and providing a potential solution to the problem. He tells Romeo to be patient, go to Mantua and stay there for a while until emotions calm down in Verona. Then, at a time when things have gotten back to normal, the Friar will announce that Romeo and Juliet have been married. He says,

For then thou canst not pass to Mantua,
Where thou shalt live till we can find a time
To blaze your marriage, reconcile your friends,
Beg pardon of the Prince, and call thee back
With twenty hundred thousand times more joy
Than thou went’st forth in lamentation.

Romeo listens intently and is somewhat mollified, saying, "How well my comfort is revived by this!" He then goes to Juliet using the rope ladder brought by the Nurse to ascend Juliet's balcony and enjoy his honeymoon.

The Friar's plan is ultimately thwarted as Lord Capulet, unaware of his daughter's marriage to Romeo, promises her to Count Paris, setting the stage for the tragic events in Act V.

What did Greece and Rome contribute to the development of governments?

Ancient Greece and Rome contributed quite a lot to the development of government, at least in the West. Athens--led by Solon, Cleisthenes, and Pericles--introduced the concept of limited democracy, which meant that more citizens (although not all) could participate in government than in older forms of government. However, not all Greek city-states followed Athens' lead; Sparta, for instance, had a monarchy, and other had oligarchies (rule by a small, elite group).

Rome's contribution to the development of government was the republic. Rome was originally a monarchy, but the monarchy was overthrown during the tyrannical reign of Tarquinius Superbus. Rome's republic featured two branches, divided by class: the Senate (upper class patricians) and the Assembly (lower class plebeians). This divided government was designed to prevent either the aristocrats or the common people from tyrannizing the other class. Like Athens' democracy, political agency in Rome was limited to free male citizens.

When the American founders sought to create their new government in the United States, they looked back to Greece and Rome for inspiration. Ultimately, they sought to fuse the best of the two systems into a democratic republic.

Why did Germany nominate a dictator?

Well, "Germany" didn't really. Hitler more or less appointed himself, by a series of devious political maneuvers.

The President of Germany at that time appointed the Chancellor of the Reichstag (similar to Parliament or Congress). This was a time of turmoil, as the Great Depression hit Germany particularly hard and the Weimar Republic had recently gone through one of the worst bouts of hyperinflation in history. With the economic turmoil came political unrest, and several factions---including the Nazis---vied for power over Germany. Out of this came a tightly contested election that ultimately ended up electing President Paul von Hindenburg (the ill-fated zeppelin was later named for him), a moderate war hero that nobody particularly liked but also nobody greatly despised.

Initially Hindenburg appointed someone else, Kurt von Schleicher, as Chancellor. Schleicher was anti-Nazi, and wanted to establish a more moderate republican government. But Hitler would not have this, and circulated a rumor that Schleicher was planning on killing Hindenburg and usurping power (it's unclear whether this was actually true or not), so Hindenburg removed him and appointed Hitler as Chancellor.

Then, after Hindenburg's death, instead of holding an election to replace Hindenburg as he was supposed to do, Hitler appointed himself Fuhrer---dictator. Before the decade was out, Hitler invaded Poland and began WW2.

Due to the tumultuous situation, conditions were ripe for radical change; but Hitler never actually won an election of the majority of the Germany people.

What is it like to be in the Crachit family in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens?

In A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, Bob Cratchit works for Ebenezer Scrooge. Scrooge makes Bob work long hours but pays him little. The Cratchits therefore, are very poor. They often do not have enough to eat, and they wear patched, hand me down clothing. Despite all this, they are a happy family, who love one another immensely. They always make the best of what they have. For example, during the visit of the Ghost of Christmas Present, Scrooge is taken to the Cratchit household, where he sees the family bustling about to get ready for Christmas dinner. Everyone is excited, and everyone pitches in to make it a good evening. The children play a joke on their father, pretending that their oldest sister, Martha, isn't coming.  Martha, however, can't bear to see her father disappointed, so she quickly appears, and they all have a good laugh. The youngest of the six children, Tiny Tim, is ill and though he is a constant worry because the Cratchits cannot afford a doctor, everyone does his/her best to be positive and happy. Tiny Tim, himself, is positive and cheerful. This family is very grateful for all that they have.

How does Ebenezer Scrooge change throughout A Christmas Carol?

Ebenezer Scrooge experiences significant change from the beginning of a Christmas Carol to the end, although this change is not sudden. It occurs as the story progresses, and we see this in each episode with the Christmas Ghosts.

Stave I: At the beginning of the story, Scrooge is a heartless, cold, and uncaring man. He hates Christmas, the people who celebrate it, and anyone and anything that is not his money.

When Marley visits him on Christmas Eve and warns him of the ghosts to come, we see for the first time that Scrooge actually had a friend at one point. He even had one who cared enough about him to try to change him now! So, there is slight foreshadowing here that Scrooge will be reminded of the man he once was.

Stave II: The Ghost of Christmas Past arrives and takes Scrooge to his old school where he remembers how lonely he used to be; then he is taken to Fezziwig's, where he remembers how wonderful his boss was to him; and finally, he sees himself and Belle breaking up because he is too greedy. All of this makes Scrooge sad. We see that he IS capable of emotion and hurt. These are all instances that either bought him joy or pain, and this is the first time in a long time that he has felt any of these emotions.

Stave III: The Ghost of Christmas present takes him around London to Fred's house and to the Cratchits. This episode helps Scrooge to see happy family life and reminds him that he is not a part of either of them. He also sees Tiny Tim is crippled and is concerned for him. He wonders if he will live. This is a different Scrooge already from the one at the beginning who would not have cared about Tiny Tim's ailment and may have even viewed him as a burden.

Stave IV: Finally, the Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come shows Scrooge a group of people talking callously about a man's death (that he later finds out is how own), and he sees that Tiny Tim has died. Finally, he sees his own gravestone. He realizes he died a lonely and miserable death and no one will mourn him. This is contrasted with how sad everyone is about Tim being dead. This is the biggest revelation for him to change him.

Stave V: At the end of the story Scrooge has changed completely from someone selfless to generous. He wants to share his wealth with others rather than to hoard it. He finally realizes he cannot take his money with him when he dies and he does not want to die alone and with no one having cared that he was gone. This shows that he wants to not only live life, but be a part of the lives of others - something he actively shunned at the beginning of the story.

What is a scene in Lord of the Flies (with quotes) that depicts Jack becoming more popular than Ralph, and describes why the boys want to follow him?

In Chapter 9, Piggy and Ralph are bathing by themselves discussing how they wish they could go home. Ralph asks Piggy where everyone is, and Piggy says that they are probably lying down in the shelter. Ralph asks Piggy where Samneric and Bill have gone. Piggy points to the location of Jack's new base camp, which is beyond the platform and says, "That's where they've gone. Jack's party" (Golding 148). Ralph tells Piggy that he doesn't care. Piggy comments, "Just for some meat---" (Golding 148). Ralph adds on to Piggy's comment and says, "And for hunting...and for pretending to be a tribe, and putting on war-paint" (Golding 148). Piggy looks at the ground and tells Ralph that they ought to go over to Jack's tribe too, but just to make sure nothing happens. This moment is significant because it depicts Jack's popularity. Everyone, except Simon, has decided to leave for Jack's camp. Ralph explains to Piggy the multiple reasons that the boys have chosen to join Jack's tribe. They mention that the boys are enjoying eating, hunting, dressing like savages, and being a part of a tribe. Jack's tribe appeals to the carnal desires that each individual possesses.

How do Grim and Gram react to Max being declared a hero?

In chapter seven of Philbrick's Freak the Mighty, Kevin and Max go to the Fourth of July celebration in town. Since Max has to carry Kevin on his shoulders, he's in full control of where they go and how fast. When Max sees Tony D. and his gang, he takes off as fast as he can. Tony and his gang chase Max and Kevin, and eventually surround them within the crowd. In effort to save themselves, Max runs straight into the pond, which happens to be mostly mud. Max is big enough to wade out farther than Tony can without getting stuck up to his neck in mud. Just when they think they are safe, Tony tells the gang of boys to start throwing rocks at Max and Kevin out in the pond. By this time Max is stuck in the mud as well and can't dodge the rocks. Fortunately, Kevin sees a cop car and whistles very loudly to get the cop's attention. It works, and the cops come over to settle the situation. 

In chapter eight, the cops bring Max home and Grim hoses him off in the front yard. Max says the following:

". . . the cops made out like I was a hero or something, rescuing the poor crippled midget kid. So Grim listens to the cops and then he gives me this weird look, like, imagine my surprise, and he goes in the house. . ." (41).

To celebrate Max's heroism, Gram gives him ice-cream and Grim gives him coffee. They talk about Tony D. and Max's strategy to always run when he sees the kid. Grim calls it "taking evasive action," not running away (43). By the end of the night, it seems as if Max has not only gained more trust with his grandparents, but he has bonded with them as well. This is significant because Max knows that they worry about him growing up to be like his father, Killer Kane. The more trust and bonds they can form between each other, the better their family life will be.