What does Maudie's comparison between Jem and Jack reveal to us about what Jem might really be thinking about Boo and the items left in the tree?

Jem initially tells Scout that the items left in the tree must have belonged to “some bus child,” but before putting the items in his trunk for safekeeping, “…he looked for a long time at the Radley Place. He seemed to be thinking again.” [TKAM, Chapter 4]. Later, when Scout is spending an evening on Miss Maudie’s porch swing, and offers Jem’s opinion that “Maybe [Boo Radley] died and they stuffed him up the chimney,” Miss Maudie responds, “S-ss-ss. He gets more like Jack Finch every day.” [Chapter 5]

Both Jem and Uncle Jack Finch have very similar personalities, depicted in two different stages of life. Jem, like Jack, possesses a sense of bravery, protectiveness, and fair play; though these elements of Jem’s personality are overlaid with a veneer of still-childlike unsophistication. But Jem is growing up, and so his somewhat magical view of the world is changing. He may want to believe in the fantasy and myth surrounding the Radleys, but his developing understanding of the world tells him that Boo is simply a recluse and entitled to his privacy. When he tells Scout the fanciful story that maybe Boo has died and been put in the chimney, he is instinctively protecting both Boo and Scout: Boo from intrusion, and Scout from a loss of innocence.

Scout’s view of the world and of the good and evil in it is still very simplistic. Jem, on the other hand, is developing a grown-up understanding of the world that tells him that most likely, Arthur Radley’s story is far more awful than the legend about the “haint” that lives in the Radley Place. Deep down, he knows the items in the tree were placed there by Boo; but his developing instincts also lead him to protect Boo from “inquisitive children,” and to protect Scout from his nascent understanding that something very terrible must have happened to make Arthur Radley into such a recluse.

In this understanding, Jem reveals himself to be very much like his Uncle Jack Finch. Uncle Jack, like Jem, is a loyal and fair person; but he is also an adult, with a fuller understanding of the unfairness of life and of the horrors that can be perpetrated by humans upon each other. Much like Jem, he resorts to fanciful tales and humor to skirt an issue; but his understanding of the world is far more adult than Jem’s. As an example: in Chapter 9, when Scout abruptly asks Uncle Jack, as he is bandaging her hand, “What’s a whore lady?” instead of answering her question, Uncle Jack instead “plunged into another long tale about an old Prime Minister who sat in the House of Commons and blew feathers in the air and tried to keep them there when all about him men were losing their heads.” Jack is telling a fanciful tale much like Jem would, to distract Scout from knowledge that he feels might harm her.

The comparison Miss Maudie makes is a very astute assessment of Jem’s growing personality and understanding of the world. In making this comparison, it is revealed that Jem knows the items in the tree were placed there by Boo Radley. Jem’s understanding of this, and Miss Maudie’s comparison of him to Jack Finch, also offers us a glimpse of who Jem will be as a grown up: brave enough to face man’s evil, and gentle enough to be a protector of the innocent. In this trait, Jem is very much like his Uncle Jack, and very truly Atticus Finch’s son.

In Out of the Silent Planet by C. S. Lewis, what are some of Weston's fears?

Out of the Silent Planet is the first of what is known as The Space Trilogy or The Cosmic Trilogy.  Dr. Weston and Dick Devine are travelers to the planet Malacandra.  

Though Dr. Weston is somewhat barbaric and aggressive, he fears the seroni. The seroni, or sorns, are humanoids with a highly developed sense of the scientific and technical aspects of life.  He fears them so much that he is willing to bring them a human sacrifice - Dr. Elwin Ransom.

Weston also fears the primitive inhabitants of Malacandra.  His speech, in chapter 20, is a manifestation of that fear.  He denounces their primitive ways as a reason to seek their annihilation.  Rather than admit his own primitive ancestry, and allow the beings of Malacandra to develop, he sees it as his mission to "cleanse" the planet.

What do you think Patrick said to Mary for her to react the way she did? What evidence from the short story would you use to support your answers?

I would use direct quotes of Mary's dialogue to illustrate what I think Patrick said to Mary about why he was tired of their marriage and wanted a divorce. Here are the quotes I would use.

"Tired, darling?"

"I'll get it!" she cried, jumping up.

"I think it's a shame," she said, "that when someone's been a policeman as long as you have, he still has to walk around all day long." He didn't answer. "Darling," she said," If you're too tired to eat out tonight, as we had planned, I can fix you something. There's plenty of meat and stuff in the freezer."

"Anyway," she went on. "I'll get you some bread and cheese."

"But you have to have supper. I can easily fix you something. I'd like to do it. We can have lamb. Anything you want. Everything's in the freezer."

"But, darling, you have to eat! I'll do it anyway, and then you can have it or not, as you like."

Mary can't leave her husband alone for a minute. She is smothering him with her affection. He feels as if he is under a spotlight from the minute he comes home. He is not a little boy. He doesn't want all that mothering. She almost seems to be forcing food down his throat. She doesn't have any internal resources of her own. Patrick is her sole interest in life. She waits for the minute he will arrive home from work in the evening. She devotes herself to him like a slave. She thinks this is the way to retain his love, whereas it is the way to lose it.

In John Collier's short story "The Chaser," the old man who sells undetectable poisons for men to use to kill their wives warns his new customer Alan Austen that if he succeeds in getting Diana to fall in love with him, he will regret it and will want his freedom sooner or later. 

"She will want to know all you do," said the old man. "All that has happened to you during the day. Every word of it. She will want to know what you are thinking about, why you smile suddenly, why you are looking sad....How carefully she will look after you! She will never allow you to be tired, to sit in a draught, to neglect your food. If you are an hour later, she will be terrified. She will think you are killed, or that some siren has caught you."

Mary stays home alone all day. She has nothing to occupy her mind. She expects too much of her husband. She wants him to tell her all about his day's work as a policeman, whereas he would probably like to drink his two drinks and forget about his day. She would like him to "share" with her, but she has nothing to share with him because she has done nothing all day but run the vacuum cleaner and wash some dishes.

As the old man in John Collier's story tells his new customer, this sort of marriage can get worse than boring; it can become maddening. Patrick doesn't want to talk to anybody for awhile. He has been talking to people all day. But Mary has been alone all day and is dying to have some conversation. She is much too dependent, too demanding, too needy. There is an extreme danger in every marriage that it can become a prison if there is too much togetherness, too much mutual dependence. As King Claudius says to Laertes in Shakespeare's Hamlet:

There lives within the very flame of love
A kind of wick or snuff that will abate it . . .

After the honeymoon stage of marriage is over, each spouse discovers that the other is not a saint, angel, god, or goddess, but a mere mortal with a mortal's faults. Some couples get divorced, while others adjust to reality and may stay together all their lives. Patrick seems thoroughly disenchanted with marriage, and expects the new baby to make his confinement even worse because it will be more binding. During the five or so minutes he talks to Mary in a speech which Roald Dahl doesn't feel is necessary to record, Patrick passes on his disillusionment and loss of love to Mary, which results in his getting clobbered over the head with a frozen leg of lamb. "Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned."

How did Frederick Douglass influence people?

Frederick Douglass was a champion in the cause of the abolition of slavery. He was a very good writer, but his greatest impact was his strong oratory ability. So powerful were his words that he caught the attention of President Abraham Lincoln and was an important advisor to the president. Because of Douglass's experience as a slave, he was a very credible opponent of the institution of slavery and his efforts can be considered important to the drafting of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Douglass was the most important civil rights leader of his era. He was easily the most recognizable and well-known African-American in the United States at the time. During the civil war, he was asked to recruit African-American soldiers to fight for the cause. After the war ended, Douglass could have easily retired and looked back at his achievements. He did not feel that his life work was completed however and fought for civil rights and educational opportunities for the freed slaves. Douglass was also involved in women's rights causes. It can be said that through the words of Frederick Douglass, many Americans were motivated to fight for important causes like abolition, equality, and opportunity.

Why are fewer human genetic disorders recessive?

It is not necessarily true that fewer genetic disorders are recessive. However, there are many ways to inherit a genetic disorder.

In autosomal dominant disorders, only one copy of the gene is needed for the child to inherit the condition. Therefore, if a parent has one normal and one mutated dominant gene and the other parent is normal, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition. An example of this is seen in Achondroplasia, a type of dwarfism where only one copy of the gene is required for an individual to inherit this condition.

In recessive disorders, the individual must have two copies of the gene to inherit the condition. If two carrier parents have offspring, there is a one-in four chance (25%) of producing an offspring with the recessive condition. An example is albinism, in which a person doesn't produce any pigment in their cells.

Sometimes, a disorder can be X-linked and is passed down along with the X chromosome. Males have one X and females have two. If an X- linked condition is present on the X, for males since they are hemizygous for the X chromosome, if they inherit one mutated gene on the X chromosome, they will develop the disorder, and if they inherit the normal copy of the gene on the X, they will be normal. Females can be normal (XX), or a carrier with one normal X and one X carrying the mutated gene. The only way a female develops an X- linked disorder is by inheriting two copies of the mutated gene, one on each of her X chromosomes. Colorblindness and hemophilia are X- linked disorders.

Genetic disorders can be transmitted on the mitochondrial DNA. The genes in the mitochondria are passed down from mother to offspring and if there is a gene defect in the mother's mitochondrial DNA in her egg cell, at conception, the children will inherit this gene from their mother.

Disorders may be inherit due to aneuploidy. Sometimes a person has a missing or extra copy of a chromosome due to non-disjunction during meiosis. An example of a condition with a missing chromosome is called Turner's syndrome. This is a female missing one X chromosome. Also, a person may inherit two copies of a chromosome pair from only one parent. This is known as imprinting. An example of this is Praader Willi syndrome which causes uncontrolled eating and obesity along with learning disabilities. It is can be caused by a person inheriting both copies of chromosome 15 from their mother. 

However, research has shown that most genetic disorders are caused by many genes along with the environmental conditions that the person is exposed to. Examples of these conditions that many people seem to develop including-- heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and many forms of cancer among others. This type of inheritance is known as multifactorial inheritance.

Therefore, to conclude, genes for recessive disorders may be in the population in individuals known as carriers. However, in order to develop these conditions, an individual must inherit two copies of the gene in order for the disease to be expressed in the phenotype of an individual. For this to occur, both parents would each need to be either carriers, or have the disease themselves. That may be a reason why these disorders don't occur that often. However, it seems that multifactorial inheritance accounts for a large proportion of human disorders.

What are Biochemical reactions?

Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living beings. As we know, the cells inside a living body are composed of different kinds of molecules. During various cellular processes, these molecules combine with other molecules and undergo transformations in their chemical structure. Such a chemical transformation usually happens in the presence of enzymes, which are nothing but biological catalysts that modify the speed of any biochemical reaction. Biochemical reactions are the reactions that underlie all cellular processes inside our bodies, from digestion and respiration to reproduction. Like any other chemical reaction, existing molecules can get decomposed and new molecules can be synthesized during biochemical reactions. During some biochemical reactions, energy is released, usually in the form of ATP. This can be utilized by the cell to carry out various physiological and metabolic activities. Biochemical reactions follow the natural laws of chemical reactions.

Explain five standards on the basis of which we evaluate theories.

A reasonable theory should be able to meet the criteria below.

1. 
   Theoretical scope – The wider the range of circumstances towards which a theory can be applied, the more useful the theory.


2. 
   Heuristic value- The heuristic value of a theory has to do with the amount of interest from others that a theory provokes. A good theory will provoke other scientists to continue research on a topic.


3. 
   Validity – Validity refers to how well a test measures what it set out to measure.


4. 
   Consistency- A theory should express both internal and external consistency. Internal consistency means that the ideas of a theory build upon one another. External consistency means that the ideas within a theory coincide with the ideas presented in other theories.


5. 
   Parsimony- Parsimony refers to the simplicity with which a theory describes a phenomenon.


6. 
   Testability- Scientists should be able to test a theory’s claims and accuracy. 

Ok, so this was SIX criteria! I am sure there are others as well. I hope this helps!

How does Junior explain his improvement in basketball in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian?

In the chapter "In Like a Lion," Junior explains his improvement in basketball is due to increased confidence from not being the "lowest Indian on the reservation totem pole" and from people actually expecting him to be good. On the reservation, Junior explains, he was a "decent" player but always assumed he would sit the bench and cheer for the "bigger, faster, more talented teammates" like his friend Rowdy.

Junior explains his improvement is thanks to "The power of expectations." He says, "they expected more of me, I expected more of myself, and it just grew and grew until I was scoring twelve points a game." At Reardon, Junior's coach made him a starter on the varsity basketball team as a freshman. The coach even told Junior that he could see him becoming an all-state player and even play ball at a small college. This second statement shocked Junior, who asks, "How often do you hear the word 'Indian' and 'college' in the same sentence? Especially in my family. Especially in my tribe."

This is why, to Junior, the game against the reservation team became so important. He needed to prove to himself that he was worthy of these new expectations. He tells a reporter doing a story about the game:

"I have to prove that I am stronger than everybody else. I have to prove that I will never give up. I will never quit playing hard. And I don't just mean in basketball. I'm never going to quit living life this hard, you know? I'm never going to surrender to anybody. Never, ever, ever."

How do you know that Jem doesn't believe Mr. Nathan Radley's explanation of why he filled the tree-hole with cement?

Jem asks Atticus if he thinks the tree is dead because he doesn't believe Nathan Radley's explanation for filling the hole with cement. Atticus tells Jem that he doesn't think the tree is dead or unhealthy. Atticus mentions that the leaves are green, and there are no brown patches. When Jem tells him that Nathan Radley said it was dying, Atticus says it might be because Mr. Radley knows more about trees than they do. Jem doesn't believe Nathan's explanation, yet seeks Atticus' opinion to reassure his own. Anytime Jem had questions throughout his life, he sought the advice of his father. Jem looks up to his father and knows Atticus is full of wisdom and would not lie to him. Jem had a suspicion that Nathan Radley was lying to him. The only adult Jem knows will not lie to him is his father, Atticus. When Atticus hears that Nathan told Jem the tree was dying, Atticus makes a concession to his earlier comments by saying, "Well maybe it is. I’m sure Mr. Radley knows more about his trees than we do." (Ch. 7)

Why did the young man leave the mysterious mountain valley and go into the lower world? What happened to prevent him from ever returning to his home?

The first three paragraphs of “The Country of the Blind” outline a history behind the main plotline of the short story. These two questions refer to this first section. The narrative describes a secluded valley where a disease once infected the residents, eventually blinding an entire community of people. A sighted man from among them took a bar of silver and climbed out of the valley “to buy them holy help against their ill.” But cataclysmic weather and an earthquake shook the region, and the man was cut off from ever returning to that valley. As a result, he could get no help for his people. Ironically, he grew blind before he died. And generation after generation of individuals in that valley kept passing on the trait of blindness to their descendants. They adapted their lives and their culture to this condition. Soon no one living there knew what sight even was. Into this valley, our character Nunez ventures.

What are some words to describe Mr. Dolphus Raymond from To Kill A Mockingbird?

Social outcast: People view Dolphus Raymond with contempt because of his relations with African Americans. Dolphus has a black woman as a companion and several mixed children. Even though he is white, the rest of the white community of Maycomb ridicules him for his lifestyle. In Maycomb, Alabama, interracial relationships are not accepted, which makes Dolphus Raymond a social outcast.

Understanding: Dolphus Raymond is an understanding individual. He tells Scout that things haven't caught up with Dill's instincts yet, and when Dill grows older, he won't cry anymore. Dolphus understands how children's reactions to racial injustice will fade over time because they become desensitized to witnessing prejudice.

Secretive: Dolphus hides his Coca-Cola bottle in a paper bag to feign alcoholism. He lets the children in on his secret. He tells Scout that he pretends to be drunk, so people have an explanation for his taboo lifestyle. He says that people could never understand why he chooses his lifestyle and pretending to be drunk gives them a reason to latch onto.

Rebellious: Dolphus refuses to change his ways despite his community's disapproval. He rebels against typical social conventions and lives his life the way he wants.

An airport, a factory, and a shopping center are at the vertices of a right triangle formed by three highways. The airport and factory are 6.0...

Hello!

Check that this triangle is really a right one, for this its sides must satisfy the Pythagorean theorem:

`3.6^2+4.8^2=12.96+23.04=36=6^2.`

Yes, it is right.

The shortest distance from a point to a straight line is along the line perpendicular to the original line. The corresponding line segment is called a height of a triangle.

The simplest way to find length of this height is to consider area of the triangle. It is the half of the product of one side length and the corresponding height, `A=1/2 a h.`

If we take the longest side, hypotenuse, as a "side", we obtain `A=1/2 *6.0*H,` where `H` is the distance in question. But if we consider a shorter side, a cathetus, then the corresponding height is the another cathetus. So `A=1/2 *3.6*4.8.`

The area is the same, so `6.0*H=3.6*4.8,` or `H=(3.6*4.8)/6.0=2.88` (miles). This is the answer.

What are some motifs in Never Let Me Go?

One important motif that can be found in Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go is water. An example of this is when Tommy imagines two people stuck in a forceful, raging river, in which Tommy says:

"I keep thinking about this river somewhere, with the water moving really fast. And these two people in the water, trying to hold onto each other, holding on as hard as they can, but in the end it’s just too much. The current’s too strong. They’ve got to let go, drift apart. That’s how it is with us. It’s a shame, because we’ve loved each other all our lives. But in the end, we can’t stay together forever."

As in the novel's title, the two people caught in this turbulent water threshold want to "never let go," but the water, an intrinsic, inescapable part of nature, forces the two apart. Tommy, Kathy, and Ruth are trying desperately to hold onto one another and to life, but are unable to due to the nature of their very existence (as human donors). Essentially, the donors (such as Tommy, Kathy, and Ruth) have no control over their lives, and they are ultimately unable to change or escape their fate. 
 

`int_0^(2pi) t^2 sin(2t) dt` Evaluate the integral

You need to use the integration by parts for `int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt`   such that:

`int udv = uv - int vdu`

`u = t^2 => du = 2tdt`

`dv = sin 2t=> v =(-cos 2t)/2`

`int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt = t^2*(-cos 2t)/2|_0^(2pi) + int_0^(2pi) t*cos 2t dt`

You need to use the integration by parts for `int_0^(2pi) t*cos 2t dt`  such that:

`u = t=> du = dt`

`dv = cos 2t=> v = (sin 2t)/2`

`int_0^(2pi) t*cos 2t dt = t*(sin 2t)/2|_0^(2pi) - (1/2)int_0^(2pi) sin 2t dt`

`int_0^(2pi) t*cos 2t dt = t*(sin 2t)/2|_0^(2pi) +  (cos 2t)/4|_0^(2pi) `

`int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt = t^2*(-cos 2t)/2|_0^(2pi) + t*(sin 2t)/2|_0^(2pi) +  (cos 2t)/4|_0^(2pi)`  

Using the fundamental theorem of calculus yields:

`int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt = (2pi)^2*(-cos 4pi)/2 + 0*(cos 0)/2  + 2pi*(sin 4pi)/2 - 0 +  (cos 4pi)/4 - (cos 0)/4`

`int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt = -2(pi)^2 + 1/4 - 1/4`

`int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt = -2(pi)^2 `

Hence, evaluating the integral, using  integration by parts, yields `int_0^(2pi) t^2*sin(2t)dt = -2(pi)^2.`

Did Friar Laurence do wrong to Romeo and Juliet because his aim was to rescue Juliet? How did his actions lead to sorrow?

Friar Laurence married Romeo and Juliet because he hoped to bring about a reconciliation between the Capulets and Montagues. This was a noble motive, but things go horribly wrong when Romeo kills Tybalt, a Capulet, in a duel in the streets of Verona. He is banished for this offense, and shortly thereafter the situation worsens when Lord Capulet agrees to Juliet's marriage to Paris. Of course, he is unaware that she is married to Romeo. Juliet cannot marry Paris, and the Friar cannot marry them. Juliet is distraught and near suicide. The Friar's plot to have Juliet fake her own death by drinking a poison, while very dangerous, is born of desperation. The Friar sees it as a way to reunite the young couple, but it does indeed lead to disaster. This is because Romeo receives the news of Juliet's "death," but not news of the Friar's plot. Friar John, who was chosen by Laurence to carry the message to Romeo, could not reach him. Romeo hurries to Juliet's tomb, where he takes his life by drinking poison. When Juliet awakes, she finds her husband dead, and kills herself with his dagger. The Friar's plan, while well-intentioned, falls apart, leading to sorrow for both the Montagues and Capulets.

How do political views influence macroeconomic policy?

There are two primary ways government creates macroeconomic policy, through fiscal policy and through monetary policy. Monetary policy, controlling the supply of money and interest rates, is the domain of the Federal Reserve, which is at least theoretically above politics, since  appointments to the Federal Reserve do not run in parallel to presidential administrations. Therefore, it is more fiscal policy influenced by politics that has a macroeconomic effect, through spending and taxation.

Government spending comprises a significant portion of our Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is the total sum of government, consumer, and investment expenditure. The GDP is a measure of the macroeconomic health of the economy. We look to it to ascertain whether the economy is shrinking or growing. When government spending increases, it has a multiplier effect, causing the economy to grow at a rate greater than just the expenditure would indicate, since when money is spent, it provides income for others, and they spend more. This multiplier effect is significant. But when government spending decreases, it shrinks the economy, also in a "multiplier" way. When the government spends less, that is less money in the pockets of others, so many other streams of income dry up.  

Whether government should spend more or should spend less has become a political issue in the United States.  Fiscal conservatives believe that when government spends less, it is good for the economy, and fiscal liberals believe that when government spends more, it is good for the economy. The fiscally conservative position is premised on the idea that if government spends less, taxes will be lower, and this will allow businesses to invest more money and expand. This is known as the trickle down theory.  Liberals disagree and point out that historically, trickle down economics has never brought about these results, and they rely upon the multiplier effect to argue that government spending does work, pointing, for example, to the various programs of public expenditure during the Great Depression.  In both instances, political leaders and candidates are relying on economic theories to make their case although far more mainstream economists are on the liberal side of this debate, for example, Paul Krugman and Robert Reich. 

Government effectuates economic policy through taxation as well.  It can tax heavily or lightly and pick and choose the kinds of taxes or tax breaks that will be put into effect, as well as what groups or individuals will be subject to taxes or be afforded tax breaks.  These taxes and tax breaks have profound macroeconomic effects.  An excise tax on imported goods can be put into place to protect American-made goods.  A high corporate tax discourages corporations from making the United States their home base.  A tax break on mortgage interest encourages more people to become homeowners, which has a powerful effect upon the economy, since more people buying homes means more homes needing to be built, again, that multiplier effect.

Tax policy has also become a politicized area.  Those on the right believe that we should give corporations more tax breaks, for example, while not giving so many tax breaks to individuals.  The inheritance tax is another area in which those on the right seek to provide tax breaks to wealthy individuals who inherit large estates.  The argument is that the less is taxed, the more money corporations and wealthy individuals will have to invest in the economy. Liberals favor higher taxes for corporations and the wealthy and reduced taxes for the poor and middle class. They argue that the right's tax policy ideas have not worked historically and that individuals are paying more than their fair share of the expense of government, since without the loopholes available to corporations and to the wealthy, they often pay at a higher rate than either of those.  Furthermore, it is government that pays for the infrastructure that allows businesses to thrive, for example, roads, trains, airports, sewage, and water, as well as police and fire protection.  Businesses use all of these provisions of government and could not exist without them, so the argument is that they should have to pay their fare share for all of this. 

It would be much better if government spending and taxation policy were based upon evidence, rather than on ideological belief and self-serving ideas, but that is the state of government policy in the United States today. Every voter should understand this, so each person can evaluate these political and economic positions and vote accordingly.   

True or false: ordinary lightbulbs provide fluorescent light.

This is false. Ordinary screw-in lightbulbs produce light through a phenomenon called incandescence. They're called incandescent lights. They contain a very thin filament of tungsten wire that's part of the circuit. Tungsten has a high resistance. When electrons flowing through the circuit enter the thin wire the resistance causes heat to build up and the wire becomes hot and glows. Tungsten is used because of its high melting point. The sealed glass bulb contains argon gas which is inert and won't oxidize the tungsten.

Fluorescent lightbulbs produce light through a different process. A fluorescent light contains a small amount of vaporized mercury, usually along with an inert gas. They are sealed in a glass tube under low pressure. There are electrodes at each end of the sealed tube. High voltage across the electrodes moves electrons through the gas in the tube, and in doing so energizes electrons in the mercury atoms. The absorbed energy is emitted as photons of light that are in the ultraviolet region and largely invisible to people. When the uv light strikes the white phosphor coating on the inside of the tube its electrons absorb energy and emit light in the visible region. This phenomenon is called fluorescence, giving this type of light its name.

How did immigrants change American society? What impact did immigrants have on the United States economy?

Immigrants have had a significant impact on our society. Immigrants provided a significant portion of the labor in our factories. Many immigrants believed they could make a better living in the United States than they could make in their homeland. Unfortunately, many immigrants found this not to be true as they worked long hours for low pay with unsafe conditions in the factories.

Immigrants made many contributions to our society. Albert Einstein was a famous scientist. He informed President Roosevelt that Germany was working on developing an atomic bomb. Irving Berlin made many contributions to American music. Felix Frankfurter was a Supreme Court justice. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

Immigrants also impacted our economy. As more immigrants came to our country, the demand for products and for services increased. This allowed businesses to grow. As immigrants and other Americans began to move westward, the businesses followed and began to move to the West.

Immigrants brought new cultures to our country. The United States is referred to as the melting pot because there were so many different cultures that came to our country. We have adopted some of these cultural ideas. St. Patrick’s Day is from the Irish heritage. The idea of having a Christmas tree came from the Germans. Immigrants brought various foods commonly used in our country. For example, fish and chips came from England.

Immigrants have made many contributions to our country. They have impacted us in many ways.

Calculate the number of moles of methane in a 44.0-liter cylinder at 1.20 atmosphers and 302 K.

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What did the note say that Pheobe's mother left for her dad?

Mrs. Winterbottom’s note to her husband simply stated, “I had to go away. I can’t explain. I’ll call you in a few days.” There was no warning that she was leaving, and so Mr. Winterbottom is totally confused. She also left a note to each of her daughters, mostly directions about being safe and what to cook for dinner. Her life before she left seemed to be one devoted to her family. She did the traditional things like clean the house, cook the food, and run errands for everyone else. She seemed to have no life of her own or any desire to have one. Her personality seems to have been squashed by the people in her family, who are unappreciative of anything she does. They just assume that she is there to serve them. Phoebe’s affection seems to be centered more on her father, who she thinks is perfect. Sal has seen this, and so is not as confused as the Winterbottom family.

How many kms can light travel in 2.0x10^1 hours?

Many scientists allege that the speed of light is a constant, usually represented by the letter "c", which has a value of 299,792,458 meters per second.

What you need is to first convert that value to kilometers per hour.  Since there is 1 kilometer per 1000 meters, and 60 seconds per minute, and 60 minutes per hour, you can multiply this all together, as follows:

299,792,458 m/s * (1/1,000) km/m * 60 s/min * 60 min/hr

The units cancel, and you're left with ((299,792,458*60*60)/1,000) km/hr, or 1,079,252,848.8 km/hr, which is the alleged speed of light in kilometers per hour.

From there, you simply multiply 1,079,252,848.8 km/hr by (2.0*(10^1)) hr, and the units cancel, and you're left with 21,585,056,976 km, and that number is the answer.

"The spotted hawk swoops by" completes Whitman's poem, "Song Of Myself." What do lines 7-16 suggest about the theme of Whitman's long, multipart...

In Walt Whitman's poem "Song of Myself," lines 7-16 introduce several important themes that will reoccur frequently. For instance, when Whitman references the many past generations of family members that led to his birth (7), he illustrates the countless and myriad generations of humanity that are distilled down in the present generation. This theme will become important later on, as it allows Whitman to explore the multiplicity inherent in each individual. Furthermore, when Whitman references "creeds and schools in abeyance" (10), he touches on the many differing beliefs and ideas at work in the world, which will again be an important addition to his discussion of multiplicity throughout the poem. Finally, Whitman's description of smelling many perfumes (14-16) is a precursor to his later mission to inhale and swallow as many different experiences as possible. Additionally, his discovery of a personal trait special to him (15) is key, as it suggests that an intimate knowledge of oneself is only possible through this process of participating in myriad and diverse experiences.

With this context in mind, section 52 becomes a very fitting conclusion indeed. The image of the swooping hawk (1331) ultimately drives Whitman to declare that he is "not a bit tamed, I too am untranslatable" (1332). Whitman only comes to this conclusion after thoroughly exploring how much multiplicity (how many generations of humanity, how many "creeds and schools") he himself encompasses. He then goes on to say "the last scud of day holds back for me,/ It flings my likeness after the rest and true as any on the shadow'd wilds" (1334-5). After understanding the inherent multiplicity of existence and experience, Whitman imagines himself extending to infinite proportions and dispersing throughout the landscape. This dramatic conclusion is set up by Whitman's original musings on multiplicity, identity, and experience in the first lines of the poem, which is why it's such a satisfying ending. 

`u = cos(pi/3)i + sin(pi/3)j, v = cos((3pi)/4)i + sin((3pi)/4)j` Find the angle theta between the vectors.

You need to use the formula of dot product to find the angle between two vectors, `u = u_x*i + u_y*j, v = v_x*i + v_y*j,` such that:

`u*v = |u|*|v|*cos(theta)`

The angle between the vectors u and v is theta.

`cos theta = (u*v)/(|u|*|v|)`

First, you need to evaluate the product of the vectors u and v, such that:

`u*v = u_x*v_x + u_y*v_y`

`u*v = cos(pi/3)*cos(3pi/4) + sin(pi/3)*sin(3pi/4)`

`sin (3pi/4) = sin(pi/2+pi/4) = cos(pi/4) = sqrt2/2`

`cos(3pi/4) = cos(pi/2+pi/4) =-sin(pi/4) = -sqrt2/2`

`u*v = -cos(pi/3)*sin(pi/4) + sin(pi/3)*sin(pi/4)`

`u*v = sqrt2/2*(sqrt3/2 - 1/2)`

`u*v = cos(3pi/4 - pi/3) = cos(5pi/12) = (sqrt2*(sqrt3 - 1))/4`

You need to evaluate the magnitudes |u| and |v|, such that:

`|u|= sqrt(cos^2(pi/3) + sin^2(pi/3)) => |u|= sqrt(1) =>|u|= 1`

`|v|= sqrt(cos^2(3pi/4) + sin^2(3pi/4)) => |v|= sqrt(1) =>|v|= 1`

`cos theta = (cos(5pi/12))/(1*1) => cos theta =cos(5pi/12) => theta =5pi/12`

Hence, the cosine of the angle between the vectors u and v is `cos theta =cos(5pi/12)` , so, `theta =5pi/12.`

What time period is Great Expectations set in?

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens was first published serially in All the Year Round, a periodical Dickens edited, from 1 December 1860 to August 1861, and then appeared in book form in three volumes in October 1861. 

The novel covers a fairly long time period, with some past events events recounted by dialogue and exposition. The first event of the novel's timeline (which occurs before we are introduced to Pip at the novel's opening) is when Compeyson cheats Miss Havisham in 1792. Pip, Estella, Biddy and Herbert Pocket are all born in 1797.

The novel opens on Christmas Even in 1803 when Magwitch and Compeyson escape from jail and Pip encounters Magwitch in a churchyard. The narrative of the novel continues until 1832 when Pip is twenty-five years old. The final date of the narrative is 1860, when Pip writes his story. 

Thus the main events of the story occur in the Regency and Georgian periods, before the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. 

What is a writ?

A writ is an order issued by the court to either a lower court or to government officials. There are many types and many purposes for writs, but usually they are employed in situations where a court needs something done but has found usual remedies lacking. The writ of habeas corpus, for example, is the most famous sort of writ in the United States. A writ of habeas corpus is a legal document ordering any law enforcement agency or official who has taken a prisoner to bring them to court. Without habeas corpus, a prisoner may not have access to a speedy trial, and, as in colonial times, could be held without seeing a judge for a very long time.

A writ of mandamus is another form of writ sometimes employed by courts in the United States: It is an order by the court to a government official not under their jurisdiction to take some action. In the famous Marbury v. Madison, the court issued a writ (order) to the Secretary of State. Marbury, a judge who had not received his commission, wanted the court to issue a writ ordering the Secretary to deliver commissions (job offers), which Marbury felt he was legally bound to do but had not done. The court reviewed the law but did not issue the writ, establishing the practice of judicial review.

I want you to help me decide why I need to study Public Administration and what can I achieve if I choose to study it.

A good place to start would be looking at what sorts of careers people with degrees in Public Administration tend to go into.

Typically, these careers tend to be involved in government in some way, often starting out as internships but moving on to become consultants or civil servants. A few even run for political office. Some go on to private sector careers, but that's not the main path.

The typical terminal degree in Public Administration is a Master's of Public Administration or MPA. The quality of programs varies tremendously, so choose your school carefully. I've linked the US News rankings.

Public Administration differs from related fields like Political Science, Economics, and Public Policy in that Public Administration is much more focused on the practical implementation of policy. In Public Policy we ask, "What should we do?" In Public Administration, we ask, "How do we actually get that done?" Where an economist would be most interested in what sort of tax policy would optimize economic efficiency and a political scientist would be interested in which voters and interest groups would support that policy, someone in public administration would be asking what sort of political maneuvers it would take to actually get that tax plan passed in Congress.

In many ways, Public Administration is similar to Business Administration, and an MBA and an MPA will open similar doors, with the MBA more focused on the private sector and an MPA more focused on the public sector.

I think Public Administration is a good field to go into for people who are pragmatic idealists, or perhaps idealistic pragmatists. If you're a pure idealist, working in civil service may seem too mundane and inconsequential; if you are a pure cynic, you'll go into finance or business to make more money for yourself. But if you want to change the world, but you also understand that the world is complicated and change is hard, you may find that the best place for you to make a difference is working for the EPA or the SEC or the NSF---and that's where an MPA would serve you well.

How does the narrator of Knight’s poem construct Hard Rock into a mythic prison figure?

Although Hard Rock is a prison inmate, Knight portrays him not as a criminal or villain but as a hero. His fights with other inmates are epic battles and his scars are a testament to his courage. One particular scar "plowed through a thick / canopy of kinky hair" (l. 5-6), which suggests that the hardships he has endured are intricately connected to his racial identity; because he is African American, he is not more likely to commit a crime but far more likely to end up in prison. Just as heroes in mythology struggle against the forces of nature and the whims of the gods, Hard Rock fights against the forces of authority. He also rebels against disease by turning his "syphilitic spit" (l. 22) into a venom-like weapon.

Like all mythic figures, the source of his power comes from "the Word," (l. 6) that is the stories that others tell about him. His feats of strength and bravery are measured by the number of guards it takes to restrain him or the number of days he ends up in solitary confinement.

Mythic figures often have a tragic flaw that leads to their downfall. However, Knight suggests that the tragic flaw is the prison system itself. In order to quell Hard Rock's rebellion, doctors perform an unethical and experimental medical procedure. After he is lobotomized and subjected to electroshock, Hard Rock becomes docile. His punishment mirrors the restraint and mutilation of such mythic figures as Prometheus, who steal the gods' power, and Loki, the Norse God who brings chaos to the world. Both Loki and Hard Rock are called "The Destroyer."

When "the Word" of Hard Rock's condition reaches the the prison population, their stories of heroism become admissions of defeat.

What was the reaction of Nazi Germany to the novel All Quiet on the Western Front?

All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque is a novel about the horrors of trench warfare during World War I and the demoralizing effects of war on its hero, Paul Baumer. Remarque, the author, had fought in World War I and had suffered injuries as a result. In 1929, he published the novel (which had earlier been published in installments), and the book went on to sell over one million copies in Germany. 

However, as the Nazis came to power in the early 1930s, they hated the book for its portrayal of the futility and destructiveness of war. Its message clearly contradicted their nationalist call for a stronger, more militarized Germany that would again turn to war to regain glory for the fatherland. Nazis burned copies of the book and stormed the theater in which the movie was first shown in Berlin in 1930. The book was banned, as it was considered a betrayal of the soldiers who fought for Germany in World War I, and Remarque, stripped of his German citizenship, had to leave the country. Anti-war activists around the world, however, celebrated the book, and it was eventually translated into many languages.

What three adjectives would best describe the setting of the first paragraph in the story "The Devil and Tom Walker"? Pick out words or phrases to...

The opening paragraph of Washington Irving's short story "The Devil and Tom Walker" describes a wooded area just outside the city of Boston. It is here that the greedy Tom Walker first meets "old scratch" and later makes a deal with the "black woodsman."

The area could be characterized as ominous, ancient and tempting. The setting is "thickly wooded" with "gigantic trees" in a "dark grove" and could be considered the perfect backdrop for some ghost or horror story. It's also a "morass" where nothing good could take place. The area is quite old in myth and story as judged by the tale of the pirate Captain Kidd. The trees are very old and "remarkable," alluding to the fact that this area has been basically untouched for many years. The setting could also be referred to as tempting because Kidd's treasure is supposedly buried under one of these trees. It is described as a "great amount of treasure." Of course, the devil controls this treasure and uses it to lure souls, such as Tom Walker, to hell.

What is a summary of chapter 20 of Lyddie?

As chapter 20 opens, Lyddie no longer has the company of either her sister Rachel or Diana Goss. She has recovered sufficiently from her illness to be back to her old speed, and she has broadened her reading selections to the Bible and other Dickens pieces. More Irish girls are coming to work at the factory, and Lyddie becomes closer to Brigid, teaching her the ABCs and to read at the factory and in the evenings. 

One day Lyddie receives a letter that her mother has died. She doesn't react much because in a way her mother was "gone long before she died." 

Leaving the factory one evening, Lyddie expects to go out with Brigid but finds she isn't there. She re-enters the factory to hear Brigid pleading with Mr. Marsden. Lyddie realizes that Mr. Marsden is being abusive toward Brigid. She grabs a bucket of water and brings the whole bucket down on top of the overseer's head. Then she and Brigid run out. Lyddie can't stop laughing because the overseer with the bucket on his head reminds her of the bear in their cabin in chapter 1. She keeps laughing as she runs away from the factory, pulling Brigid along with her.

Analyze the rhetoric in “How it Feels to be Colored Me” by Zora Neale Hurston.

Rhetoric refers to the language and compositional techniques that a writer has employed in a piece of writing to gauge a particular effect on the reader and to advance message and purpose.  In "How It Feels to Be Colored Me," Zora Neale Hurston wants to both posit her identity and to argue that racism is detrimental and must come to an end.  To advance this message, Hurston uses, among other techniques, figurative language (specifically metaphor) to relay ideas to the reader.  For example, later in the essay, Hurston uses a metaphor to describe herself:

"Among the thousand white persons, I am a dark rock surged upon, and overswept, but through it all, I remain myself. When covered by the waters, I am; and the ebb but reveals me again."

As a "dark rock," Hurston wants the reader to understand that she bears the brunt of racial oppression but that she will not allow this oppression to consume and crush her spirit.  Here, we see her sense of resolve against a difficult situation.

At the end of the essay, Hurston uses the extended metaphor of the "Great Stuffer of Bags" as a metaphor for God (or the Creator), and people of different races who, like the brown, red, yellow, and white bags, are basically "stuffed" with the same contents to say that people are human no matter what their race is.  So Hurston uses metaphor as a rhetorical strategy to deliver her message to the reader.

`a = 1, b = 1/2, c = 3/4` Use Heron's Area Formula to find the area of the triangle.

The Heron's formula is:

`A= sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))`

where s is the semi-perimeter of triangle, and a, b and c are the length of the sides.

The semi-perimeter of the given triangle is:

`s=(1+1/2+3/4)/2=(9/4)/2=9/8`

Then, plug-in `s=9/8` , `a=1` , `b=1/2` and `c=3/4` to the Heron's formula.

`A=sqrt(9/8(9/8-1)(9/8-1/2)(9/8-3/4))=sqrt(9/8(1/8)(5/8)(3/8))`

`A=sqrt(135/4096)`

`A=(3sqrt(15))/64`

Therefore, the area of the triangle is `(3sqrt15)/64` .

What obstacles does Romeo face during the course of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

Romeo has a varying degree of success in overcoming the obstacles he faces in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The ultimate obstacle is to be with Juliet despite the bitter feud. Unless you believe the two are together in heaven, Romeo fails in clearing this hurdle.

The first obstacle is his unrequited love for Rosaline. He becomes depressed because Rosaline avoids his affections and decides to stay celibate. Romeo says, in Act I, Scene 1:

She’ll not be hit
With Cupid’s arrow. She hath Dian’s wit,
And, in strong proof of chastity well armed,
From love’s weak childish bow she lives uncharmed.
She will not stay the siege of loving terms,
Nor bide th’ encounter of assailing eyes,
Nor ope her lap to saint-seducing gold.
O, she is rich in beauty, only poor
That, when she dies, with beauty dies her store.

Romeo is much more successful in his love for Juliet. The girl is swept off her feet and they kiss within a few minutes of meeting each other. They part ways at the end of Capulet's party but Romeo is not satisfied. He pursues Juliet into the orchard and overcomes both the wall and his fear of being discovered by one of the Capulet men, who have no love for him or his name. He strengthens his love for Juliet by asking her to marry him. She agrees.

Romeo's next obstacle is convincing Friar Lawrence to marry him to the daughter of Capulet. The Friar is skeptical because just the previous day Romeo had professed his love for Rosaline. The Friar comments in Act II, Scene 3:  

Young men’s love then lies
Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes.

The Friar, however, agrees to Romeo's request and decides to perform the wedding ceremony because he believes it may be the best way to finally end the feud between the Montagues and Capulets. The Frair says,

In one respect I’ll thy assistant be,
For this alliance may so happy prove
To turn your households’ rancor to pure love.

Because Tybalt had seen Romeo at the party he chooses to challenge Romeo. In an example of dramatic irony Romeo tries to avoid fighting Tybalt by telling him that he really loves him, but Tybalt does not understand the situation. Romeo says, in Act III, Scene 1:

Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee
Doth much excuse the appertaining rage
To such a greeting. Villain am I none.
Therefore farewell. I see thou knowest me not.

Unfortunately, Romeo is not able to handle this obstacle and winds up fighting and killing Tybalt after the death of Mercutio. Romeo cannot help but give in to the urge for revenge after his best friend is killed. The killing of Tybalt, of course, is the beginning of the end for Romeo.

He faces three more obstacles. One is summoning enough courage to actually leave Verona and Juliet after consummating the marriage in Juliet's bedroom in Act III, Scene 5. Juliet suggests he should stay because she hears the nightingale singing outside her window signifying it is still night. Romeo wants to stay but eventually gets away and assures Juliet they will be together again one day despite her fears:

I doubt it not; and all these woes shall serve
For sweet discourses in our times to come.

After hearing the news from Balthasar that Juliet is dead Romeo quickly decides his only recourse is to commit suicide. He is able to procure poison even though it is against the law to sell. He finds a poor apothecary and bribes him into selling a dram of poison:

Come hither, man. I see that thou art poor.
[He offers money.]
Hold, there is forty ducats. Let me have
A dram of poison, such soon-speeding gear
As will disperse itself through all the veins,
That the life-weary taker may fall dead...

His final obstacle is to actually take the poison and extinguish his own life. But, after seeing his beloved dead in the Capulet's tomb he shows his resolution and drinks the deadly mixture. He succeeds conquering this last obstacle even though the reader wishes otherwise.

Who excelled at landscape painting?

Many painters are famous as landscape artists.  Landscape paintings feature scenes that depict nature.  They are frequently painted on a horizontal with a wide view.  Below are several well-known landscape painters and the types of scenes that they painted:

- Pieter Bruegel the Elder was a Dutch painter.  His paintings typically featured Dutch landscapes in various seasons.

- Rembrandt is famous for his portraits, but he also created landscapes.  Many of his landscapes were actually etchings.

- Many of Monet's paintings were landscapes.  He loved to paint nature scenes.  He believed in landscape painting that was done "en plein eir."  This is a painting term which describes the act of painters creating their art while outdoors.  They paint nature scenes exactly how they see them while outside.

-  Henry Matisse painted many landscape paintings.  Many of his landscape paintings were done in oil and were of scenes from Europe.

Landscape painting is also very popular in China.  There were many artistic masterpieces in landscape art that were done by Chinese artists, starting mainly during the Han dynasty. Zhang Zeduan was one of the most famous landscape artists from China. 

In the Bronze Bow, how did God slowly draw Daniel to Him?

Throughout the novel, Daniel's friends, in particular, Simon, promote the teachings of Jesus and encourage Daniel to travel and watch Jesus preach. When Daniel first hears Jesus preach, he is instinctually drawn to him. Daniel doesn't fully understand Jesus' messages and is indifferent about Jesus' tolerant attitude towards the Romans. In Chapter 15, Daniel begins to routinely travel to Capernaum to listen to Jesus preach, and even visits Jesus at night to watch him heal people. Jesus' messages resonate with Daniel and give him a sense of inner peace. Daniel begins to enjoy his life and his relationship with his sister grows. As the novel progresses, Daniel is unable to fully accept Jesus' message and continually reverts back to seeking vengeance. Daniel loses his respect and trust in Rosh, and his bitterness stops him from pursuing Thacia and developing a positive relationship with his sister. God lets Daniel attempt to solve his own problems by himself, and watches as Daniel fails. Jesus offers Daniel the free gift of love and encourages Daniel to rid himself of hate, but Daniel refuses. As Daniel's life crumbles around him, he looks to God for answers. Daniel finally humbles himself and realizes that love is the only answer. Daniel openly accepts Jesus and Thacia's offers of love, and Daniel puts his trust in the Lord.

Should the government be able to restrict civil liberties in a time of crisis. If so, why?

This is obviously an opinionated question, so you will have to decide on which side of the fence you reside.  However, some arguments for limiting civil rights during crisis can be made by looking at history.  The prime examples of which would be Lincoln suspending habeas corpus during the civil war, as a means to suppress uprisings in the border states and other troublesome areas and the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II due to concerns about espionage.  You can use either of these examples to prove your point regardless of your viewpoint.  For example, the suspension of habeas corpus probably did limit the chances of an uprising against Union authority.  However, the obvious down side is that people could be unjustly imprisoned without being brought before a judge or having due process of law.

The Nurse and the Friar both engage in forms of rebellion in Act II. What kind of rebellion do they embrace? What is their motivation for breaking...

I assume you are referring to Act II when Friar Lawrence agrees to marry Romeo to Juliet and the Nurse becomes Juliet's accomplice in arranging the marriage. 

The social order in Verona at this time is one of conflict. The Montagues and Capulets are engaged in a bitter feud as evidenced by the brawl in Act I, Scene 1. Despite the differences between their families, Romeo and Juliet fall in love. In Act II, scene 2, Romeo proposes and Juliet accepts. They never really discuss the opposition their parents will have but instead launch into a secret relationship and only inform Friar Lawrence and the Nurse of their love.

At first the Friar is quite skeptical of Romeo's newly announced love for Juliet. Only the day before the boy had been in love with another girl. Romeo assures the Friar that his love for the daughter of Capulet is true. Obviously the Friar, being a man of peace, disapproves of the feud and Romeo's request provides him with a chance to bring the bloodshed to an end. Therefore, he rebels against the social order and agrees to marry Romeo to Juliet. He believes it could be a vehicle to finally stop the rivalry. He says,

But come, young waverer, come, go with me.
In one respect I’ll thy assistant be,
For this alliance may so happy prove
To turn your households’ rancor to pure love.

The Nurse's motives for going along with Juliet are less noble. She dearly loves the girl and wants more than anything for her to be happy. In Act 1, scene 3 she says,

Peace. I have done. God mark thee to his grace,
Thou wast the prettiest babe that e’er I nursed.
An I might live to see thee married once,
I have my wish.

The Nurse originally believes Juliet might be married to Count Paris, but when the girl reveals her love for Romeo, the Nurse is excited and goes along with the marriage. She acts as Juliet's messenger in discovering Romeo's plan for the wedding. In Act II, scene 5, she praises Romeo:

Though his face be better than any man’s, yet his leg
excels all men’s, and for a hand and a foot and a
body, though they be not to be talked on, yet they
are past compare. He is not the flower of courtesy,
but I’ll warrant him as gentle as a lamb.

She even agrees to procure a rope ladder so Romeo may climb into Juliet's bedroom for the honeymoon. Ultimately, the Nurse just wants Juliet to be happy, and if that happiness is with a son of Montague, she is perfectly willing to accept it and rebel against the social order.

How many literary genres are there?

There are many different literary genres and sub-genres. Some of the large-scale ways in which we categorize literary works into genres are the following:

• 
  Fiction: This is a form of imaginative literature written in prose. It usually consists of a mixture of dialogue and exposition. It can be divided into longer works called "novels" and shorter works called "short stories" or "short fictions". Very short stories of a single page are sometimes called "flash fiction". 


• 
  Drama: Drama can be written in verse or prose. It usually consists exclusively of dialogue, in which characters speak to one another or the audience. Most drama is designed to be performed on stage. Dramas are often called "plays". 


• 
  Poetry: Poetry is written in verse as opposed to prose. Long narrative poems are called "epics" while shorter, more personal poems are sometimes referred to as "lyric poetry."


• 
  Nonfiction: Unlike imaginative literature which is invented by the author, nonfiction is based on actual events. It includes such genres as biography, autobiography, and travel writing. 

What does Atticus's explanation reveal in chapter 27 of To Kill A Mockingbird?

This passage reveals some significant facts about the characters in the novel, about the reality of the justice process in the time and place setting of the novel, and about Atticus’s character.

In Chapter 27, we see Aunt Alexandra and Atticus discussing the outcome of the case, and Alexandra’s fears concerning Bob Ewell’s grudge against Atticus and “everybody connected with that case.” Atticus observes:

“I think I understand,” said Atticus. “It might be because he knows in his heart that very few people in Maycomb really believed his and Mayella’s yarns. He thought he’d be a hero, but all he got for his pain was…was, okay, we’ll convict this Negro but get back to your dump…I proved him a liar but [Judge John Taylor] made him look like a fool.” [TKAM Chapter 27]

In Maycomb, the Ewells are much like the nut grass in Miss Maudie’s lawn, one blade of which will “ruin a whole yard” [Chapter 5].  Maycomb society is depicted as operating along strict lines of segregation that don’t always follow lines of race. Bob Ewell, who belongs to the very lowest rung of Maycomb society, is shown through his own and Mayella’s testimony in the trial to be an abusive alcoholic who does not care for his children and refuses to work to better the family’s situation. His daughter Mayella, the object of much of his abuse, is powerless to improve her circumstances. The one thing the Ewells believe they possess that makes them superior is their race: in their opinion, their whiteness at least makes them “better” than the blacks of Maycomb. The trial, in which Ewell hoped to be seen as a hero, only shows him to be an abuser, far from improving his circumstances, only ostracizes him further.

In his explanation, Atticus reveals his understanding of exactly how the system of justice works in the setting of the novel: Tom Robinson, as Scout observes in Chapter 25, “…was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed.” Tom was never going to be—could never be, in that time and place—acquitted of the charges of rape against Mayella Ewell. The very best Atticus could hope for was the slender chance of a different outcome upon appeal, and to show Bob and Mayella Ewell to be liars. Atticus also understands that everybody involved in the process during the trial—Judge Taylor, Atticus himself, the Ewells, the Sheriff—knew this before the trial started. The verdict, unfortunately, was a foregone conclusion, and the trial a formality.

This passage also emphasizes who Atticus Finch is. Earlier in the novel while speaking of Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose, Atticus says, “real courage…is when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway, and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.” [Chapter 11] This courage is something that Atticus himself possesses: it is why he accepted the task of defending Tom Robinson, even though he knew how the trial would end. Although Atticus might not describe himself in this way, he is the lone courageous voice in Maycomb, willing to fight a losing battle simply because it is the right thing to do.

What role does the setting play in “A Worn Path"?

In Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path," setting plays a very important role. Welty has written a great deal about the importance of place in fiction, and her own fiction reflects this. This story's setting is the Natchez Trace area. The action takes place in Mississippi in the 1940s. The role that setting plays, then, is to provide the protagonist, Phoenix Jackson, with a place to take her journey into town. She must walk through the wilderness of the Natchez Trace, which includes brambles, trees, fallen logs, wild dogs, and hunters.

Because she is a very old and nearly blind woman, the journey is especially treacherous for her. However, she makes it every year because she must get medicine for her sick grandson (although no one is very certain whether her son is sick or dead). The role of setting, then, is to aid in character development. Because the setting is dangerous in many ways, and Phoenix remains determined to make the journey, Welty shows that she is a strong, determined woman who will overcome any obstacle.

Discuss the relevance of macroeconomic principles in economic decision making.

Macroeconomics isn't simply relevant to economic policy decisions; it's essential. I don't think it's an exaggeration to say that if you're not using macroeconomics to decide your economic policy, you're doing it wrong.

This is particularly true if we're talking about large-scale government policies, like the fiscal and monetary policy of an entire country. There, macroeconomics should always be at the fore; every new proposed change in spending, taxation, money supply, or interest rates should always be assessed in terms of its macroeconomic impact on variables such as GDP, inflation, and unemployment. Failure to do so is irresponsible and dangerous---and a lot of really big policy failures can be traced to that. The huge surge in unemployment in the Great Recession could probably have been prevented if policymakers around the world had been more careful to make their decisions based upon macroeconomics.

For smaller-scale decisions it's less obvious what macroeconomics has to tell us; even a very large business like Walmart has a fairly small impact on the economy as a whole. (Walmart annual revenue is about $500 billion, while the GDP of the US is $18.7 trillion. This makes even a behemoth like Walmart less than 3% of US GDP.) And of course, most businesses are far smaller than that.

But even if you can't control macroeconomics, you will be affected by it. It is helpful for business administrators and even private individuals to understand what's going on in the larger economy, so that they can plan their own decisions better. If you expect inflation to go up soon, maybe you should stock up on things now before they rise in price. If you expect a lot of unemployment in a few years, you might want to find another job before it's too late.

Of course, what will really bake your noodle is that the aggregation of millions of people thinking that same way can make macroeconomics self-fulfilling; all those people stocking up on toilet paper because they expect higher prices and shortages can cause the very shortage they fear, and all the people quitting jobs to find new ones can depress spending enough to stop new jobs from being created. This is something that policymakers have to be very careful to take into account.

``7th term:` 3, 36, 432...` Find the indicated term of the geometric sequence.

You may use the following formula, such that:

`a_n = a_1*r^(n-1)` ` `

Replacing 7 for n, 3 for `a_1` yields:

`a_7 = 3*(r)^6`

You may find the ratio r, such that:

`r = (a_2)/(a_1) => r = 36/3 => r = 12`

`a_7 = 3*(12)^6 => a_7 = 3*(3*4)^6 => a_7 = 3^7*4^6`

Hence, the indicated term `a_7` is` a_7 =3^7*4^6.`

`a_1 = 81, a_(k + 1) = (1/3)a_k` Write the first five terms of the geometric sequence. Determine the common ratio and write the nth term of...

You need to write the 5 terms of the geometric sequence, hence, since the problem provides the first term, you need the ratio q. You may evaluate the ratio using the relation:

`a_(k+1) = a_k*q`

`q = (a_(k+1))/(a_k) => q = 1/3`

You may evaluate `a_2, a_3, a_4, a_5` , such that:

`a_2 = a_1*q => a_2 =81*(1/3) => a_2 = 27`

`a_3 = a_2*q => a_3 = 27*(1/3) => a_3 = 9`

`a_4 = a_3*q => a_4 = 9*(1/3) => a_4 =3`

`a_5 = a_4*q => a_5 = 3*(1/3) => a_5 = 1`

Hence, evaluating the five terms of geometric sequence yields `a_1 =81, a_2 = 27, a_3 = 9, a_4 = 3, a_5 = 1.`

What is the character of Miss Strangeworth?

Miss Strangeworth is a complex character. The entire story is actually about the difference between appearance and reality in this woman's character. On the surface she appears to be a kindly, harmless, uncomplicated little old lady with a small-town woman's interests and mentality. She prides herself on being the last surviving member of the town's oldest family and as such feels responsible for watching over the other citizens of the town. Then we find out that she has only recently acquired an obsession with writing anonymous letters in which she hints at the sinful behavior of one person to a person closely connected with him or her. In one other instance she writes poison-pen letters to the parents of a six-month-old baby girl in which she refers to the infant as an "idiot child."

Miss Strangeworth seems totally unaware that her letters are causing all kinds of trouble in her town. She thinks she is only doing her duty and is being helpful. We have to conclude that this old lady is losing her mind. She spends too much time alone. She writes her poison-pen letters in secret. It is apparent that the real motives behind all of her letters are envy, bitterness, loneliness, and jealousy. She unconsciously wants to destroy the happiness of people who have someone to love or someone to share their lives with. She is a pathetic person because she keeps herself busy with petty matters in order to keep from facing the truth about herself, which is that she is all alone, has never been loved, and nobody really cares about her. She resembles Miss Havisham in Charles Dickens' novel Great Expectations and Miss Emily Grierson in William Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily." Her unhappiness makes her cruel. A good example is in the case of the young lovers Linda Stewart and Dave Harris. They are just enjoying an innocent high school romance, but their happiness with being in love and having someone else to fill their lives brings out the worst in Miss Strangeworth because she has always wanted this and has never had it.

In the end we feel pity for this pathetic old maid, in spite of the trouble she has caused. We also feel sorry for her when Don Crane destroys her precious rose bushes after he accidentally finds out that she is the author of the poison-pen letters he and his wife have received about the possible arrested mental development of their baby daughter. The "possibility of evil" that Miss Strangeworth sees all around her in this little town is really a projection of the evil inside herself.

In Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, compare the place where the Franks used to live with the annex that they hide in.

Anne doesn't provide many details describing the house that she and her family lived in before hiding in the annex. From indirect descriptions, though, it can be inferred that she and her family lived in a house that had at least three levels. In the diary entry dated Tuesday, 30 June, 1942, Harry comes to visit and she says that after seeing him approach the house from her window, she "didn't dash down at once," but she patiently goes down after he rings the bell. At this point we know there are at least two levels. When the Franks go into hiding, Anne mentions that they rent out the top level of their home to a Mr. Goudsmit, which verifies that the Franks owned their home and were able to let out the top of at least three levels.

In the diary entries dated 9, 10, 11 July 1942, Anne provides in-depth descriptions of the annex which is attached to a warehouse where her father worked before going into hiding. Not only does she describe every room in detail, but there is a graphic depicting the layout of the annex from the first to the third floor. The blueprint-type sketches of the three levels seem large, but in reality the stairs, hallways, and rooms are tiny. Because it is attached to a business building, there are small storerooms on the first and second floors; there are only three tiny rooms that are used for bedrooms; and Peter must sleep on a landing area under stairs that lead to the attic.   

The Franks go from owning their own home, large enough where the girls could have had their own bedrooms, to living with another family in a space with two rooms and a bathroom. There are rats in the attic where they store their food, too, so cleanliness and pest control are issues. They also must be silent during the day while workers are on the premises and the Westertoren clock across the street chimes every 15 minutes to Mrs. Frank's dismay. Although the Franks had to forsake a lot in order to go into hiding, they truly had more than a lot of other Jews had at the time.

In Act 5, Scene 2 Angus says to the other men: "Now does he feel his title/ Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe/ Upon a dwarfish thief."...

In Act 5 Scene 2, Angus tells the other men that Macbeth's feels "his title hang loose about him, like a giant's robe."  At this point in the play, the men suspect that Macbeth has been complicit in the murders that have lately occurred, and they question whether Macbeth is fit to remain king.  The title of "king" is a large honor to bear, and Angus compares the role to a "giant's robe."  Angus then goes on to compare Macbeth to a "dwarfish thief," meaning that Macbeth stole the title of king as opposed to rightly assuming it.  Further, Macbeth's dishonorable character is "dwarfish" and small, not at all the "large," loved man whom he should be as king.  

Earlier in the play, Macbeth makes another reference to "robes."  In Act 1 Scene 3, Macbeth asks Angus why he dresses him in "borrowed robes" upon hearing that he is now the Thane of Cawdor.  To Macbeth's knowledge, the actual Thane of Cawdor lives, but he does not know that Duncan has taken the man's title away as a punishment.  Macbeth feels like he is being given an honor that is not really his, hence the term "borrowed." 

The references to clothing are metaphors for characters adopting personas and roles throughout the play, just as Macbeth is "trying on" the position of king.

Brutus accuses Cassius of having an "itching palm." What does it mean?

"Itching palm" is simply a slang term for being money-hungry. Brutus makes it clear what he means when he continues with the accusation.

Let me tell you, Cassius, you yourself
Are much condemned to have an itching palm.
To sell and mart your offices for gold
To undeservers.

Brutus did not realize that Cassius had such a greedy, petty, selfish nature until he became hopelessly involved in an ill-fated partnership with him. Brutus is an idealistic, reclusive, philosophic type of man. Cassius is a scheming, selfish, untrustworthy man. Brutus finds out what a miser he is linked with when he asks for some gold to pay his soldiers and Cassius sends back a message in which he refuses the request. People who form partnerships of any kind often do not find out about their partner's character until too late.

Cassius is a real miser. Shakespeare shows this in several places. For example, after their heated argument in the tent in Act IV, Scene 2, Brutus calls for a bowl of wine and says:

In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius.

Cassius acts in character as a miser when he replies:

My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge.
Fill, Lucius, till the wine o'erswell the cup.
I cannot drink too much of Brutus' love.

He cannot drink too much of Brutus' wine, either, as long as Brutus is paying for it. He knows Brutus serves much better wine than he does. This kind of behavior is a sure sign of a miser. They are always freeloaders and cheapskates, penny-pinchers. They take as much as they can get and give as little back as possible. Earlier in the play, Cassius invites Casca to supper because he wants to sound him out about joining in the conspiracy which Cassius is trying to foment against Caesar.

CASSIUS: Will you sup with me tonight, Casca?

CASCA: No, I am promised forth.

CASSIUS: Will you dine with me tomorrow?

CASCA: Ay, if I be alive, and your mind hold, and your dinner
worth the eating.

A supper would not cost Cassius much. He would serve some bread and cheese, a few grapes and a little wine. Casca obviously dislikes Cassius. He has known him all his life and has been to his home before. He knows what kind of grudging hospitality to expect. He probably has no previous engagement but is simply telling a white lie. But Cassius persists. He raises the ante, so to speak, and invites Casca to dinner. This is evidently the main meal of the day, eaten in the afternoon, and would be more costly to provide. Casca sees that he won't be able to keep declining the persistent invitations, so he responds rudely. When he says, "...and your dinner worth the eating," he really means it. He doesn't expect much from Cassius, but he knows Cassius will expect a lot from him!

People should learn to identify misers by their behavior and not become too friendly with them. They are like black holes. Everything goes in, nothing comes out. Cassius is only thinking about his own welfare when he dreams up his conspiracy. He is afraid of Caesar and suspects that Caesar might be thinking of having him "put to silence" if he becomes king. After Cassius and Brutus have had their long talk in Act 1, Scene 2, Cassius says to himself:

Caesar doth bear me hard, but he loves Brutus.
If I were Brutus now, and he were Cassius,
He should not humor me.

In other words, if Cassius could become one of Caesar's favorites he wouldn't really care whether Caesar became king or not. But Cassius could never become a favorite of Caesar. Cassius is a bad-tempered, unlikeable man. That is why he needs Brutus to act as the leader of the conspiracy he is trying to form. Everybody likes Brutus. He is everything Cassius is not. Shakespeare intentionally characterized these two men as opposites in order to differentiate them for the audience.

Can you give me an overview of the theme of time in The Great Gatsby and how it relates to the American Dream?

Gatsby believes he can erase time and reset "the clock" of his relationship with Daisy. He believes he and Daisy can pick up as if it were five years ago and she never married Tom and never had a child. As Gatsby says to Nick in a famous line, when Nick questions Gatsby's dream of recapturing the past:

"Can't repeat the past? ... Why of course you can!"

The theme of stopping time had been symbolized earlier when Gatsby knocked over the stopped mantelpiece clock at Nick's house and caught it in his hand. At that moment, his first encounter with Daisy in five years, time does seem, to him, to have stopped.

Nick relates Gatsby and his quest for Daisy to the American Dream. To Nick, Gatsby exemplifies the American Dream, the idea that we can remake and right the past. To Nick, this dream that drives us is a dream, not a reality, one that leads us on an impossible quest that has always "eluded us, and yet "we beat on, boats against the current..."

In paragraph 14 of the Introduction, what does the cricket refer to?

This is a subject open to good discussion. When the author looks at the full moon, within his line of sight is a cricket, too. For a moment, it looks as if the cricket has been placed in or on the white disc and is filling up the moon. (If your copy of the book is illustrated, you may see an artist’s interpretation of this sight.) Momaday says:

It had gone there, I thought, to live and die, for there, of all places, was its small definition made whole and eternal.

He considers the moon as an idea of heaven or as a symbol of eternal life. He thinks also of the importance of all creatures and to all parts of Nature; for something even as small as a cricket is just as welcomed into that higher life as a human being would be. The cricket is a stand-in here for the variety of life on the planet. This quick encounter makes a positive impression and provides reassurance to Momaday. It suggests that he is connected both to the nearby natural world and to the larger Universe as well.

Was defending Tom Robinson worth the risk?

Other than Tom Robinson and his family, Atticus had the most to risk by defending Tom in the rape trial.  Atticus was easily putting his reputation on the line, the respect he had from the town people, and the safety of Scout and Jem in order to do what he thought was right.  Atticus definitely thought it was worth the risk, so much so that he even protected Tom from the lynch mob the night Tom was transferred to the Maycomb County jail. 

After classmates harassed Scout and Jem for Atticus defending Tom, he told Scout and Jem that if he didn’t defend Tom, he couldn’t ever tell them what to do and that he wouldn’t expect them to believe what he told them was right.  He felt that Tom deserved a fair trial like any man, and he was the one man who could possibly make a difference and get Tom acquitted.  In Chapter 11, Atticus says that his conscience told him that he must defend Tom when he tells Scout,

"This case, Tom Robinson’s case, is something that goes to the essence of a man’s conscience—Scout, I couldn’t go to church and worship God if I didn’t try to help that man....before I can live with other folks I’ve got to live with myself. The one thing that doesn’t abide by majority rule is a person’s conscience." 

So, Atticus risked his own morality if he chose not to take the case.  In the end and despite the horrific consequences, Atticus did do his best. That is why the blacks observing the trial in the segregated balcony section stood up when Atticus passed. They knew that he had given up a lot and that he did the best any man could have done to save Tom Robinson.

Atticus would probably believe that his moral values and beliefs were more important than his name or reputation, and that it was worth the risk to defend Tom Robinson in order to fight racial injustice.

What is catenation and what are two elements that exhibit the property of catenation?

Bonds are formed when two or more atoms share electrons with each other, usually to satisfy the octet rule which states that having 8 electrons in the valence shell confers stability. In the case where a bond is formed between the same atoms, the molecule is called a homonuclear diatomic. This is the case for oxygen gas (a diatomic atom of two oxygens bound to each other). 

Some atoms, meanwhile, are capable of forming long chains by bonding with each other. This is called catenation. Catenation is the linkage of atoms of the same element to form long chains. Two famous and common examples of this are carbon and silicon. Other atoms capable of catenation are sulfur and boron. 

Silicon can form chains of `S_n H_(2n+2)`, but it is highly challenging to purify the compound for n greater than 8. Meanwhile, catenation in carbon is more ubiquitous. Carbon chains are prevalent in nature; this is the reason why carbon is important in life and survival of carbon-based beings. Carbohydrates and lipids contain tails of carbon chains of varying lengths. 

The reason why carbon has such special and unique properties is because of its valency and size. It has four valence electrons and is hence capable of sharing these with four other atoms to form four bonds. Moreover, being the smallest atom with this property, its bonds are strong.

In brief, catenation is the linkage of atoms of the same element to form long chains. Examples of atoms that form such long chains are carbon, sulfur, silicon, and boron. In a way, this property explains why carbon is very important in the persistence of life as we know it.

How might knowledge of price elasticity of demand be of use to a producer?

Knowledge of price elasticity of demand might help a producer by allowing that producer to know whether to raise or lower their prices.  If the producer knew the price elasticity of demand for their product, they would be able to know whether a change in price would increase their revenues.

The law of demand tells us that the quantity demanded of a product varies inversely with its price.  That is, when the price goes up, the quantity demanded goes down and the quantity demanded goes up when the price goes down.  This tells us that the demand curve has a negative slope, but it does not tell us how steep that slope is.  In other words, it does not tell us how much the quantity demanded will change if the price changes.

Price elasticity of demand tells us how steep the slope of the demand curve is.  It tells us how much the quantity demanded will change with a change in price.  If the slope is not very steep (if demand is inelastic), it will be better to raise prices because the quantity demanded will not drop much and total revenues will increase.  Conversely, if the slope is very steep, we might want to lower prices because this will cause people to buy so much more of our product that our revenues will increase.  It is important for a producer to know the price elasticity of demand of their product so they can make choices about whether to change their prices.

Is Nick guilty of the same fault with which he charges the Buchanans?

In the final chapter of The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway speaks of Tom and Daisy Buchanan in these words

"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy - they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made..."

He calls them careless people and in that accusation lies Nick's great disillusionment with just about everyone he has met since coming East, except for Gatsby of course.

Everything about the superficial and shallow people he encountered strikes him as "careless" and he can no longer tolerate the values, or lack thereof, of the rich and fashionable set, to which the Buchanans and Jordan belong, nor can he excuse the crass behavior of the social climbers who populated Gatsby's parties.

Nick sees himself as separate and different. His values of friendship and loyalty are in sharp contrast to the indifference and uncaring attitudes of so many others, including Daisy and Tom. At heart, Nick recognizes that he cannot remain where people like Daisy and Tom carelessly and callously destroy peoples’ lives, shield themselves from the consequences of their actions with their money, and leave others to deal with the fallout. Nick represents the traditional values of the West, whereas Tom and Daisy represent the moral decay of the East. That is why, in the end, Nick leaves New York and returns to the West. Therefore, we can say that he is not guilty of being careless, like the Buchanans.

I need help making a thesis statement for To Kill a Mockingbird. My theme is growing up and my three points are: 1. Jem shielding Scout from Bob...

It is good that you have a theme to connect each of these examples, and that you have chosen three examples to support your point. While it might be tempting to put all of these into the thesis statement (what we call a three-point or three-pronged thesis), I think that would be too cumbersome and wordy. In a three-point thesis you might say something like, "The theme of growing up is seen when Jem shields Scout from Bob Ewell, when..." and so on.

A more articulate thesis could draw a connection between how each of these represents your theme. For example, you might begin with wording like, "Both Jem and Scout demonstrate throughout the book that they are growing up and maturing." Then, each of the three points that you have brought up will be the focus of your body paragraphs and support that thesis. 

If you are writing a typical five-paragraph essay, you could have an introduction with your thesis, a body paragraph for each of the points you have brought up, and then a conclusion. You might also consider the order in which you want the points to appear. Two of your points are about Jem and one is about Scout. You might place the two about Jem in succession, so that it does not appear you are jumping back and forth between the two characters.

What is the difference between industrial and consumer goods?

Industrial goods are products that are manufactured to allow factories to produce goods for the public. Demand for industrial goods is dependent on the demand for consumer goods. If consumers want more electronics, industrial goods are produced that allow electronics to be manufactured. Examples of industrial goods would include machines, plants, or individual parts for machinery. Raw materials like coal and iron are also considered industrial goods. In simple terms, industrial goods are products that are used to make consumer goods.

Consumer goods are products that are ready to be used and are sold to the public. They are not used for the production of other materials for sale. The list of consumer goods is rather lengthy. Consider all of the items that you have purchased in the last year. They are all consumer goods. Food, clothing, sporting goods and school materials are all examples of consumer goods.

In what act and scene does Macbeth try to wash Duncan's blood from his hands?

In Act II, Scene 2, when Macbeth enters still holding two bloody daggers and with both hands covered in blood, Lady Macbeth directs the audience's attention to the daggers and blood:

Go, get some water
And wash this filthy witness from your hand.
Why did you bring these daggers from the place?
They must lie there. Go carry them, and smear
The sleepy grooms with blood.

But she is forced to carry out her own instructions, since her husband refuses to do so. He tells her:

I'll go no more:
I am afraid to think what I have done;
Look on't again I dare not.

When she leaves, Macbeth looks at his bloody hands and speaks the following:

Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas incarnadine,
Making the green one red.

Here, "suiting the action to the word, the word to the action," the hallucinating Macbeth is presumably attempting to wash his hands in a conveniently situated basin. He imagines that he is failing to wash them, even in all the world's oceans, because his hands are so bloody. When Lady Macbeth reenters, she notices that her husband's hands are still covered with blood. She displays her own-now bloody hands and says:

My hands are of your color, but I shame
To wear a heart so white.

Presumably, Macbeth, continuously hallucinating, had tried to wash his hands in an empty wash-basin. His wife explains this to the audience by saying:

Your constancy
Hath left you unattended....
Be not lost
So poorly in your thoughts.

What was the ship that was burned down in Chapter 11 of Gary D. Schmidt's novel Trouble, and why was it burned down?

In Chapter 11, the nature of the ship and why it was burned remain a mystery. One might assume it was a merchant ship, but far too much weaponry was found on the ship for it to have been a merchant ship, including five cutlasses, which are short swords used by sailors, two cannons, and muskets. In addition, clasps and heavy chains were found along the hull, the sort of chains used on slave ships. Yet, a slave ship would not be heavily laden with weaponry. It is also clear that the ship was run aground and intentionally burned, but no one can see the reason why.

It is not until Chapter 20 that the mystery is resolved. The ship had been captained with Henry's ancestor, Captain Thomas Smith, the same ancestor responsible for the Smith family fortune. The ship, called the Seaflower, had been used in battle during King Philip's War (1675-1676), an unsuccessful effort of the Native Americans to drive English settlers out of New England. Captain Smith had then used the Seaflower to dispense with 180 Native Americans captured and enslaved during the war. Captain Smith had been unsuccessful selling the Native American slaves in the Caribbean and West Africa, so he sold them in Morocco. When he returned, he burned his ship.

As Thaddeus Baxter explains to Henry in Millinocket, Maine, no one knows exactly why Captain Smith burned his ship, but one can speculate he was so overwhelmed with guilt over his actions that he burned his ship and lived the rest of his life as a recluse. Another possibility is that he burned it because it was wrecked.

What type of reflex would happen if you were to touch something gooey or gross ?

The type of reflex response you are asking about is called a reflex action.  When we experience something that involves the senses, input sensations are channeled along the peripheral nervous system to the brain.  The brain, as part of the central nervous system, interprets the input information, and delivers an appropriate response.  If the stimulus we are experiencing is of a life threatening variety, the input "takes a shortcut" at the spinal cord and delivers the response without the brain being a part of the process.  For example, when I was a young boy, I was walking through a wooded area next to my house.  I was barefoot with shorts on, because it was summer.  I was stepping over a fallen tree branch, and was about to put my foot down when I thought I saw a snake coiled and ready to strike!  I jumped with the one foot and leg that was on the ground and ran quickly away from the area.  I didn't have to think about it, I just did it.  That type of response, which is also applied to touching something gooey and gross, is called a reflex action.

Why is language sometimes referred to as a semiotic system?

Language by any definition is a semiotic system, that is, a series of signifiers referring to a “signified.” This can be an idea, object, action, concept, etc. Just as an American flag “signifies" the country of the United States, so the word “puddle” refers to any collection of liquid on a flat surface, or as the word “mother” refers to a female parent. Language is a system in that it has a syntax, a method of declension (nouns) and conjugation (verbs), a method of modification (adverbs and adjectives), a series of organizational rules, etc.-- all the elements of organization that make up a “system.”  Of course, some signifiers are ambiguous out of context (“pot” for example, has changed its signifier in the last century), and, like all communications, the sender and the receiver must share the same “code.” For example, three dots followed by three dashes followed by three dots only “means” something if both parties know Morse Code. Ferdinand de Saussure, in the early 20th century, organized the study of semiotics, “the study of signs and symbols, especially the relations between written or spoken signs and their referents in the physical world or the world of ideas” (Webster’s Dictionary).

Why did John baptize (MK 1)? What did his baptism accomplish? What are the limits of his baptism?

According to Mark Chapter 1, John the Baptist fulfilled the role of the "messenger," a person who, according to prophesy, would be sent before the Son of God (Jesus), to "prepare the way." "Preparing the way" means to make people ready to accept the Gospel that Jesus would preach, and to prepare people's hearts and minds to follow Christ without reserve. We can think of John the Baptist as the first person who proselytized or "converted" people into the Christian faith, although this conversion occurred prior to folks' interacting with Jesus himself. 

John's baptism resulted in an individual being forgiven of all their sins. The limit of his baptism was that it did not invite the Holy Spirit to reside within that individual. John said that though he himself baptized with water, Jesus (the man who would come after him) would baptize believers in the Holy Spirit. Once the Holy Spirit was invited to inhabit a person's soul, that person would no longer be susceptible to sin. Thus, Jesus' baptism would not only forgive a person all their sins, but would also protect them from future sin and help keep their souls pure from that moment forward. 

I want to know, what is the analogy of The Lottery?

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is the story of an average, small American town and the unusual tradition that they keep: that of stoning one townsperson to death every summer. When the story was published in The New Yorker, there were many harsh and confused reactions to the story, mostly just people who wanted to understand what the story was about and what Jackson's intentions were.

One possible interpretation of the story is that it is an analogy for traditions or rituals that are followed and kept around the world, even though they may be quite horrible, and the power that tradition and society have on individuals. Some examples we could think of are circumcision (both male and female), marrying girls off at a young age, and killing animals for certain rituals.

Jackson eventually did offer a possible explanation of her own in the San Francisco Chronicle in July 1948. She said,

“I suppose, I hoped, by setting a particularly brutal ancient rite in the present and in my own village to shock the story's readers with a graphic dramatization of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in their own lives.”

According to Jackson's interpretation, the story is an analogy for the general human barbary that can be found everywhere.

What is the behavior of Kevin in Freak the Mighty?

Kevin, also known as Freak, has a small crippled body with an enormous brain. He speaks as if he already has a PhD in science and sometimes acts like a knight in King Arthur's court. He has so much knowledge in his head about chemistry, robotics, computers, and literature that it flows out into his language and behavior. His best friend Max doesn't understand most of what he says, so Kevin decides to introduce him to a dictionary to improve communication. Speaking of Max, Kevin actually scares him when he first moves into Max's neighborhood. Because Kevin is so scientifically minded and imaginative, he points a crutch at Max and orders him to identify himself. Kevin also calls Max "Earthling," makes his crutch out to be a gun, and then makes shooting noises while Max tries not to trip over his shadow with his big feet. Max describes how he felt afterwards in the following passage:

"Scuttle into your dim hole in the ground, Maxwell dear. Big goon like you, growing about an inch a day, and this midget kid, this crippled little humanoid, he actually scared you. Not the kind of scare that makes your knee bones feel like water, more the kind of scare where you go whoa! I don't understand this, I don't get it, what's going on?" (10).

Most kids would probably be intimidated by Kevin's behavior as well. He's definitely quirky. Kevin dominates verbally whether he is speaking to kids or to adults; so, he's probably misunderstood verbally, and underestimated intellectually and emotionally. Fortunately, Kevin's behavior becomes even more confident as he is carried around on the shoulders of his new best friend Max. He also proves to behave courageously, loyally, and selflessly when his friend is kidnapped and almost killed. And when he also faces his own death, he thinks of Max first by telling him not to worry, he'll get his bionic body eventually.