Which of the following best describes King James II’s approach to governance in the American colonies? King James would not allow any form of...

King James II ruled England and her colonies from 1685 until 1688 and his approach to America is best described by the third option: he granted colonial governors more power than the assemblies. Here's why:

• The first option was simply not feasible. America was too far away from Britain to be governed directly by King James and he would have been very foolish to try this.


• The second option is not true either. King James appointed royal governors to represent Britain's interests and to enforce British laws. The king also appointed a council to advise the royal governor.


• The fourth option is also not true. King James II felt that his power and influence might be threatened by these assemblies and so he eliminated them. He imposed the Dominion of New England, for example, in New England, New York and New Jersey, to replace the representative assemblies. It was only after James was deposed in 1688 that these assemblies began to resurface in the colonies. 


• Therefore, the third option is the most correct: James gave absolute power to his royal governors as a means of preventing the colonies from having too much power over their own affairs. 

Explain what leads to Farquhar’s capture when attempting to destroy the bridge.

We do not understand why Farquhar is being hanged until we get to Part 2 of the story, which contains most of the exposition. Part 2 is a flashback. Farquhar is at his plantation with his wife when a man wearing a Confederate uniform rides up and asks for a drink of water. This man is a scout for the Union army. It does not seem likely that he has come to Farquhar's plantation for the specific purpose of tricking him into trying to burn down the Owl Creek bridge. But the scout must be on the lookout for possible saboteurs as well as collecting any other kinds of useful information he can, such as Confederate troop emplacements. He tells Farquhar something which might or might not be true.

The soldier reflected. "I was there a month ago," he replied. "I observed that the flood of last winter had lodged a great quantity of driftwood against the wooden pier at this end of the bridge. It is now dry and would burn like tinder."

There may have been "a great quantity of driftwood against the wooden pier at the end of the bridge" a month ago, but it should have been cleared away by now. The soldier may have been at the bridge much more recently than a month ago. When he sees Farquhar's keen interest in this real or fictitious driftwood, the scout must feel pretty sure that the plantation owner plans to try to set fire to the wood and do serious damage to the bridge.

Farquhar has really set himself up for his entrapment by asking:

"Suppose a man--a civilian and student of hanging--should elude the picket post and perhaps get the better of the sentinel," said Farquhar, smiling, "what could he accomplish?"

The author has intentionally caused Farquhar's wife to exit the scene so that her husband and the soldier can converse in private. She has gone to fetch water "with her own white hands;" that is, as a sign of special courtesy to the Confederate soldier rather than sending a black household slave to run the errand. If Farquhar's wife had been present, the two men might not have talked about the bridge and about the Federal advance. Farquhar might not even have told his wife he was leaving that night. She would have been terribly alarmed if she had known he was going to try to burn down a bridge single-handedly with many soldiers guarding it.

After the disguised Confederate scout drinks the water he rides off, and the section ends with the ominous words:

An hour later, after nightfall, he repassed the plantation, going northward in the direction from which he had come. He was a Federal scout.

We know that Farquhar will be riding right into a trap. The scout will warn the officers at the bridge to expect a would-be saboteur. Soldiers will be posted on the bridge and around it. Some of them will have dark lanterns. All will be under strict orders not to make a sound. Bierce does not have to describe how Farquhar is captured because we can imagine the scene all too vividly. Farquhar hitches his horse to a tree at some distance from the bridge and sneaks through the darkness carrying the incendiary fuel that will provide positive proof of his guilty intentions. Next morning he will be standing on the bridge waiting to be hanged, as described in the opening sentences of Part 1. 

When does the conversation between Jimmy Valentine and the warden let us know about Jimmy's character? Why was he sent to jail? How does he get...

The conversation between the warden and Jimmy Valentine on the day of his release from prison is a justification for the title as Jimmy demonstrates no indication of having been reformed.

Having been sent to jail for cracking safes, Jimmy denies this crime when the warden urges him to reform: "Why, I never cracked a safe in my life." He is only released early because he has "many friends on the outside," friends who are apparently very influential. When the warden sarcastically asks him how such an "innocent victim" as he has been sent to the prison, Jimmy again lies, "Why, warden, I never was in Springfield in my life!"

So, once he is released, Jimmy, not surprisingly returns to his old rooming house where he pulls out the folding bed and pulls back a panel in the wall. Then, he finds untouched his dust-covered suitcase in which there are all the tools of a professional burglar and safe cracker. It is not long, then, before Jimmy is back in practice. Detective Ben Price who made the arrest of Jimmy is called in to investigate the burglaries. "That's Dandy Jim Valentine's autograph," he remarks. "He's resumed business."

It is only when Jimmy travels to a small town in Arkansas that he thinks of reforming. For, he falls in love with Annabel Adams, the daughter of the owner of the Elmore bank. Abandoning crime, Jimmy prepares to give his tools to an associate, but on the day he carries them out to put on the train, Annabel asks him to come into the bank and view the new safe. Unbeknownst to her parents, little May inadvertently locks herself into the safe.

"There isn't a man nearer than Little Rock who can open that door," said Mr. Adams, in a shaky voice. "My God! Spencer, what shall we do? That child--she can't stand it long in there. There isn't enough air..."

Ironically, Anna asks Jimmy (known as Ralph) if he cannot do something. He looks as her with an odd "soft smile on his lips and in his keen eyes." He takes off his coat and his new persona, as well. "Ralph D. Spencer passed away and Jimmy Valentine took his place." 

As Jimmy works, the others stare in amazement. but little Agatha is freed and gathered up by her elated mother. Jimmy quietly dons his coat and walks into the lobby. He hears a voice call "Ralph!" but he keeps walking until a large man stops him in the doorway. 
"Hello, Ben," Jimmy says, adding, "Well let's go." However, Ben Price feigns lack of recognition: "Don't believe I recognize you. Your buggy's waiting for you, ain't it?"

Jimmy Valentine retrieves his reformation that he has earlier rejected when urged upon him by the warden.

Why did the United States shift its position from neutrality to involvement in World War I?

In World War I, the United States went from being neutral to being involved in the war for a few reasons. We were neutral at the start of World War I. Most Americans had no interest in getting involved in this war when it first began. That sentiment began to change as events unfolded.

The Germans were using a weapon, called the submarine, to discourage our trading with Great Britain and France. The submarine would sink our ships without warning. This violated our rights as a neutral nation to trade with countries, even if those countries were at war. As long as we weren’t trading war materials, we had the right to trade with them. Germany agreed to stop sinking our ships without warning in 1916. Then, in 1917, Germany resumed the sinking our ships without warning.

Americans were also angry at Germany when they learned that Germany secretly tried to get Mexico to attack the United States in World War I. This would have created a two-front war for the United States, which is more difficult to fight. Germany was going to offer Mexico some of the lands Mexico lost in the Mexican-American War if Mexico helped Germany win the war by attacking the United States. When the Zimmerman Telegram was made public, Americans were angry at Germany.

These two events greatly influenced our decision to join World War I on the side of the Allies. When the Germans resumed the attack on American trading vessels, President Wilson went to Congress to ask for a declaration of war.

What things on Earth need to be conserved?

Well, the list of the things that need to be conserved on Earth is going to be very long. I am only listing some of these for reference.

• Water: Among all of the resources, water is probably the most precious one. Unlike many other resources, it cannot be created. We not only need to conserve water, but also its quality.


• Air: Similar to water, air is also needed for our existence and we need to control and conserve its quality as well.


• Fuels: Specifically, fossil fuels need to be conserved. These include coal and petroleum, among others. They have served as the main source of energy for fueling our industrialization and development. We need to conserve them for future generations' sake.


• Wildlife: This needs to be conserved as well. Our actions have already caused countless species to become endangered and extinct. They need to be conserved to prevent that disastrous effects on the ecosystem that would occur, and are occurring, when some species go extinct.


• Plants: These need to be conserved as they are the primary source of food and oxygen for organisms, and make up the base of all ecosystems.


• Soil: This is the surface where plants grow and hence needs to be conserved to maintain its fertility. 

So many more things can be added to this list. 

Hope this helps. 

How does the Ghost of Christmas Present compare to the Ghost of Christmas Past?

During Staves 2 and 3 of "A Christmas Carol," Scrooge is visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past and the Ghost of Christmas Present. When comparing these two ghosts, the reader is immediately struck by their differences.

Physically, for example, the Ghost of Christmas Past is described as being "like a child" with a voice that is "soft and gentle." The ghost also has a clear jet of light protruding from his head. In contrast, the Ghost of Christmas Present is a "jolly giant" with a "cheery voice," and an "unconstrained demeanour." Beneath his skirt, he hides two children who symbolise "Ignorance" and "Want."

But the ghosts share some similarities, too; and one of the most important is their shared mission to set Scrooge on the path to redemption. Both ghosts carry out this mission by showing Scrooge how his actions impact other people. The Ghost of Christmas Past, for instance, uses memories of childhood and youth to show the pain that Scrooge inflicted on others, particularly Belle, his former fiancee. Similarly, the Ghost of Christmas Present demonstrates how Scrooge's contemporaries, like the Cratchit family, feel about him.

Ultimately, both ghosts are successful in their endeavours: by the time Scrooge meets the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, he is ready to transform his character and to make amends for the wrongs he has committed.

Why might the path of longer wavelength light (red) be mostly unaffected by the earth's atmosphere?

Light travels in waves as it goes through the air. These waves have their own wavelength, which determine the frequency and hence the color of the wave. When light, in the form of waves, travels through air, it interacts with the gas particles in the air.

Light of short wavelength has a high frequency due to the inversely proportional relationship between frequency and wavelength. High frequency light is high energy light due to the proportional relationship between energy and frequency (E=hf where E is energy, f is frequency, and h is Planck's constant).

Meanwhile, gas particles in the air have electrons in many orbitals around their nucleus. These electrons will "jump" to higher orbitals when light of high enough energy is absorbed by the electrons, exciting the electron and causing it to jump into a "higher" orbital. These electrons then lose their excitement and jump back to a lower orbital, releasing energy in the form of light, effectively redirecting the light it originally absorbed in a different direction.

When short wavelength light (i.e. high energy light) passes through the gas in the atmosphere, it has enough energy to excite an electron and be absorbed, and then re-emitted in a different direction. However, when light has a longer wavelength (i.e. red light with low energy), it does not have enough energy to excite an electron and make it jump into a higher orbital. Hence, this long wavelength red light is not absorbed and passes through the gas unaffected.

Explain the significance and meaning of the opening scene in Animal Farm.

The opening paragraphs in Animal Farm juxtapose two important points.  First, we see Mr. Jones.  He is drunk and goes to bed.  The impression that emerges is that he does not really care about the farm and the animals.  Hence, the animals have a real reason not to be happy with Mr. Jones in particular and humans in general. 

The second point that emerges is Old Major.  He is an old boar that recently had a dream.  He gathers the animals and delivers a speech.  The context of his speech is about the misery of their lives.  According to him, what the animals need is change.  They need to face the fact that they labor their whole lives and eventually die a miserable death. He says:

"Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short."

Based on his convictions, Old Major calls the animals to seek freedom.  A rebellion is what is needed. In this way, he galvanizes the animals to do something about their lot.  He dies before the rebellion takes place, but he is the one who planted this seed in their minds. 

In view of these points, what we have is the background of why the animals revolted. This is significant, because it gives the context of the lives of the animals, validates the concerns of the animals, and shows the understandable beginnings of the rebellion. 

Mrs. Jones hears a knock at the door. She opens the door and finds 3 police officers asking if they can come into her home to talk about...

I assume that you are asking whether this arrest is legal. If so, the answer is yes, it is perfectly legal.  A police officer can arrest anyone at any time if he or she has probable cause to believe that they have committed a crime.

In this case, your question has to do with whether the officers needed a warrant to officially “see” the bomb and arrest Mrs. Jones for it. The answer is that they did not need a warrant.  The officers were in the house legally.  Mrs. Jones had allowed them to come in of her own free will.  The officers saw the bomb legally.  It was out in plain view.  When officers are legally in a place, they are allowed to officially “see” anything that is plain sight.  If the officers had started looking around the house, poking into places that were not in plain sight, the search would be illegal.  If, for example, the bomb had been in a closet and the officers had opened the door to the closet without being given permission, they could not legally have arrested Mrs. Jones.  However, the bomb was out in plain sight, where the officer was able to see it without snooping around. Therefore, it was legal for the officer to see it and to arrest Mrs. Jones for having it.

Please compare and contrast the government of ancient Rome with the government of the United States.

Ancient Rome had, in many ways, a very similar government to what we have in the United States. Generally it is thought that the ancient Roman government also had three branches. The same three, in fact, as we do here in the United States: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial (although the Judicial branch is the most disputed of the three). Checks and balances were in place between these branches, just like in the United States. In the Roman government, the head of the executive branch had military duties, just like how our President serves as Commander in Chief.  

One difference would be that in ancient Roman government, a dictator could be appointed to run the whole government for six months. This would happen in extreme and dangerous circumstances, like a war. Another difference would be the term limits. Many of the Roman representatives served only one-year terms. In the United States, representatives serve a two, four, or six year term. Also of note, Roman leaders had religious duties. By contrast, the United States stands by the separation of religion and government.  

What are three diseases or disorders that affect the thymus gland?

Three potential diseases or disorders of the thymus gland have been identified and briefly explained below:

SCID

SCID stands for severe combined immunodeficiency. SCID is caused by a mutation in the gene that regulates the development of healthy T cells in the thymus. As a result of this mutation, individuals that have SCID have a compromised immune system. Therefore, they are unable to fight off infections properly.

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder involving the thymus gland. The thymus gland of individuals with myasthenia gravis does not shrink after birth. Although myasthenia gravis is not completely understood, some speculate that the thymus gland of individuals with the disorder is overactive and attacks the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter is involved in proper muscular contractions. Therefore, myasthenia is associated with weakened muscles.

Thymus cancer

Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are two forms of cancers that affect the thymus. Individuals with thymus cancer may have an unceasing cough, trouble breathing, and/or chest pains.  

How can I compare Mao Zedong's roles in the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?

The Mao Zedong who fathered "the Great Leap Forward" in 1958 and the one who engineered "the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" in 1966 were very much one and the same. As with the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Chinese Communist Party under the leadership of Mao and Zhou Enlai had to occasionally balance practical necessities with ideological orthodoxy. China had suffered dearly under the Japanese occupation, and the civil war that followed between the Nationalists, led by Chiang Kai-Shek, and the Communists resulted in even more devastation. Mao knew that, to ensure the Party's survival, the Chinese economy had to develop, albeit according to strict standards reflected in his writings, as evident in the following quote from a 1939 essay he authored:

"The ruthless economic exploitation and political oppression of the peasants by the landlord class forced them into numerous uprisings against its rule.... It was the class struggles of the peasants, the peasant uprisings and peasant wars that constituted the real motive force of historical development in Chinese feudal society."

In other words, mobilize the masses--and if China had anything, it had masses--and they would represent an unstoppable force for change. This philosophy underlied much of what motivated Mao. With the Soviet Union emerging as a major power and the capitalist, anti-communist United States representing a counter-revolutionary threat, China had to grow economically and, by extension, militarily to ensure its survival and its place at the table of great nations. As with Stalin's policies of industrialization and collectivization, Mao calculated that economic growth on the scale required dictated forceful measures to similarly ensure his own country's emergence as a great power. That the Great Leap Forward, as with Stalin's agricultural collectivization policy, resulted in tens of millions of dead, mostly due to starvation and disease, was relegated to secondary importance by Mao even as it posed the threat of weakening his position within the Party hierarchy. The massive failures of the Great Leap Forward enabled Mao's critics within the Communist Party to present alternative directions for the nation's development.

It was Mao's need to reinforce his position in the Communist Party that precipitated another enormously damaging policy, that of "the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution." By encouraging the denunciation and imprisonment (including forced labor in the fields) of "counter-revolutionaries," Mao succeeded in stirring up the brain-washed masses, especially among university students, and directed their anger at anyone Mao and his supporters suspected of less-than-total fealty to his extreme applications of Marxist-Leninist ideology. As with the Great Leap Forward, however, the Proletarian Revolution seriously weakened China and represented a major step backward in its increasingly bitter confrontation with the neighboring Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The emergence in 1964 of the more liberal, 'reformist' Nikita Khrushchev as leader of the more technologically-advanced Russian-dominated empire was viewed as blasphemous by the ideologically-extreme Mao Zedong. To Mao, Khrushchev represented as much of a threat to the revolution as did the capitalist colossus across the Pacific. The purging of "counter-revolutionary" elements from Chinese society would, Mao believed, place China on a more pure footing while marginalizing his critics within the Communist Party. His death on September 9, 1976, and the exposure of the so-called "Gang of Four," which included Mao's widow, opened the door to the emergence of a more liberal and socially-enlightened leadership, led by Deng Xiaoping, who would introduce the market-oriented economic polices that subsequently did what Mao's policies failed to do: facilitate China's development into a major global power.

The Mao Zedong who ordered the Great Leap Forward was the same person who ordered the Cultural Revolution. Mao was an ideologically-driven revolutionary whose goal of a strong, independent China dominated by socialist practices foundered under the brutality and idiocy of his policies. That China would emerge as a true global power only after his demise and the rise of state-sponsored capitalism is an interesting testament to the limitations of orthodox applications of ideology. 

What are some quotes that describe Scout Finch's talents in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Scout's greatest talent, if it could be called a talent, is that she is a fluent reader and able to write before she even starts school.

I suppose she chose me because she knew my name; as I read the alphabet a faint line appeared between her eyebrows, and after making me read most of My First Reader and the stock-market quotations from The Mobile Register aloud, she discovered that I was literate and looked at me with more than faint distaste. (Ch. 2)

Scout's teacher Miss Caroline does not know what to do with her.  She is expecting to teach the first graders the alphabet, and then she gets one who can ready anything put in front of her and write properly in cursive too.  Miss Caroline is a young teacher, and she is unprepared for Scout's talents.

Scout is a little girl, and she likes to do little girl things.  She has an active imagination.  For example, she uses a stick and pretends it is a baton, hoping to join a marching band someday.

It was then my burning ambition to grow up and twirl with the Maycomb County High School band. Having developed my talent to where I could throw up a stick and almost catch it coming down, I had caused Calpurnia to deny me entrance to the house every time she saw me with a stick in my hand. (Ch. 11)

Scout prides herself on not acting like a girl.  She can climb trees with the best of them, which irritates her Aunt Alexandra, who wishes she wore dresses instead.

I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn’t supposed to be doing things that required pants. (Ch. 9)

We also know that Scout is handy in a fight.  Her father tells her not to get into fights, asking her to be the bigger person, but Scout has some trouble with this when her father defends Tom Robinson and the entire town seems against him.  She defends her father by fighting everyone from her cousin to classmates.

My fists were clenched and I was ready to let fly. Atticus had promised me he would wear me out if he ever heard of me fighting any more; I was far too old and too big for such childish things, and the sooner I learned to hold in, the better off everybody would be. I soon forgot. (Ch. 9)

Scout is not a violent person, but she has a temper.  She is not afraid to stand up for herself or her father. She is really too young to understand what all of the fuss is about, and just doesn't like people saying things about him.

Another of Scout’s talents is swearing.  Her father thinks that this is just a phase and ignores it, but Scout gets rather good at testing out words she shouldn’t say.  It irritates her Uncle Jack, who prefers that she doesn’t use the foul language at all.

“You like words like damn and hell now, don’t you?”
I said I reckoned so.
“Well I don’t,” said Uncle Jack, “not unless there’s extreme provocation
connected with ‘em. I’ll be here a week, and I don’t want to hear any words like that while I’m here. Scout, you’ll get in trouble if you go around saying things like that. You want to grow up to be a lady, don’t you?” (Ch. 9)

Scout's fascination with swearing is just an example of her immaturity.  Although Scout can read, she does not like school.  School is a place where the other children taunt her and no one understands her, especially her teachers.

Why were the United States and the Soviet Union once called superpowers?

The United States and the Soviet Union were both called superpowers from approximately 1945-1990. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were the two strongest and most powerful countries in the world. Both countries had strong militaries. Both countries had a massive arsenal of nuclear weapons. Both countries were fierce competitors.  The collapse of the Soviet Union around 1990 ended this competition between the two superpowers.

Both countries were leaders of their respective worlds. The United States was the leader of the free world. The Soviet Union was the leader of the communist world. The United States and the Soviet Union competed for leadership in the space race. The Soviet Union got the first satellite into space while the United States was the first to land an astronaut on the moon. The United States tried to prevent the spread of communism while the Soviet Union tried to spread it. Both countries competed against each in the Olympic games, with each trying to outdo the others. Very little happened in the world that wasn’t influenced by the United States or by the Soviet Union. These two countries were the leading countries in the world. Both were very powerful, which led to each country being called a superpower.

Why did the Ghost of Christmas Present help Scrooge out?

All three of the spirits present warnings to Scrooge.  They help him because he needs to change his ways, for both his own sake and that of the world around him.  The Ghost of Christmas Present seeks to elicit change in Scrooge by presenting contemporary scenes of charitable behavior, which conflict with Scrooge's mindset/worldview.  From the moment of their first meeting, the ghost tries to help Scrooge by setting an example for him to learn from.
In order to meet the spirit, Scrooge must first enter into the room where it resides.  This room is one of Scrooge's own rooms, but in the night has been transformed to place of warmth and charity.  Garlands adorn the walls, piles of food are heaped up on the floor, and light fills the room.  As Scrooge looks in, the ghost greets him by saying "Come in!  and know me better, man!"  This initial scene works is in direct contrast to the coldness of Scrooge's counting house, as well as to Scrooge's standoffish, cold way of "greeting" those who appeared at his own door in Stave One. 

The ghost presents Scrooge with many examples of kindness currently taking place, giving Scrooge more food for thought in the process.  Scrooge is taken to the Cratchit's humble abode, and gazes in wonder as the family, despite having little food or finances, is able to joyously celebrate because they have one another.  He is taken to view the party at the home of his nephew, Fred, at which time Scrooge becomes interested in the fun and merriment and wishes to be involved.  He is also taken to various, harsher scenes such as mines, a ship at sea, and even a solitary lighthouse and in each location the characters are happy despite their dire conditions, simply because it's Christmas and because they are with one another.  Each of the scenes is an attempt to help Scrooge understand the true nature of Christmas, and the true duty of humanity.  Further, Scrooge's growing interest in each scene helps to illuminate the true nature of Scrooge himself.  Deep down, he contains the potential for good; the Ghost of Christmas Present helps him by showing him those he could potentially be good to.

What is Parris's real reason for wanting Proctor saved?

Reverend Parris wants to prevent John Proctor's execution because, as he tells Danforth in Act Four, he "fear[s] there will be riot" in Salem.  Rumor is that there's a rebellion in Andover, another town nearby that is also having witch trials, and Parris thinks that it is likely that there is "a faction here, feeding on that news [...]."  Once people see that they can rebel and have an effect, it is likely to inspire or incite others to a similar rebellion.  He fears that rebellion, like hysteria, will be catching.

Further, he says that when he "summoned the congregation for John Proctor's excommunication there were hardly thirty people come to hear it."  He interprets the absence of the majority of his congregation as the result of their disapproval of the actions being taken against John (and likely the others, like Rebecca Nurse, who will also hang that morning).  Parris says that "it were another sort that hanged till now."  Many of the others that hanged before now had questionable reputations; however, Rebecca's reputation is spotless, and she and John are some of the most respected people in the community.  Parris knows that Rebecca will never confess -- she hasn't even been willing to speak to him since she went to jail -- and so he tries to push for Proctor to confess so that the village will not turn against the court or himself.

What kind of daughter is Waverly?

I am sure that there will be many opinions, but I would say that Waverly is an apt pupil of a daughter.  She learns well and excels.  What Waverly's mother wanted to teach her, she learns so well that at the end of the story she challenges her mother.  From this perspective, Waverly is a daughter who is like her mother. 

In the beginning of the story, we see that Waverly's mother is trying to teach her the art of invisible strength, which is defined as a way to win arguments and respect from others.  As the story progresses, Waverly uses this idea in the game of chess.  She excels to the point of becoming a national sensation.  By the end of the story, Waverly and her mother get into conflict partially owning to cultural differences.

In one particular argument, Waverly runs away.  When she comes back home, she knows that she will have to face her mother. Her mother says these words:"We not concerning this girl. This girl not have concerning for us."

Waverly knows it is her move.  So, she is in her bed to ponder what she will do next. 

Based on the narrative of the  story, Waverly is a daughter that wants freedom and independence, and she will use what she learned from her mother. 

What is Crooks's initial response to Candy's account of the dream farm and what evidence is there that his attitude changes?

At first, Candy says that he is nuts.  He does not believe a word of it.  He says that he has seen hundreds of men who have the same dream and say the same thing.  To be fair to Crooks, he has been on the ranch for a long time; and he has probably seen his fair share of people who had the same dream. Here are the words of Crooks.

Hunderds of them. They come, an’ they quit an’ go on; an’ every damn one of ‘em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a God damn one of ‘em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Ever’body wants a little piece of lan’.

When Lennie and Candy begin to speak of the land more, Crooks begins to change. What changes him is the mention of money.  Lennie and Candy say that they have the money ready.  Moreover, they also have a piece of land picked out.  But perhaps more importantly, Crooks begins to believe, because Lennie and Candy really believe.  Here is the quote:

Crooks asked, “You say you got the money?"

“Damn right. We got most of it. Just a little bit more to get. Have it all in one month. George got the land all picked out, too."

Crooks reached around and explored his spine with his hand. “I never seen a guy really do it,” he said.

What are some examples of setting being described in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

Harper Lee vividly describes setting in To Kill a Mockingbird to establish mood. Multiple examples can be seen throughout. The first occurs in the opening chapter.

Within in the first few pages of the book, Lee has Scout the narrator describe the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, as a "tired old town." She further describes it as a very agrarian town. Since not all of the roads are paved, when it rains, the "streets turned to red slop." In addition, as an agrarian town that is not as well kept up as a metropolis, grass grows in the cracks of the sidewalks and the "courthouse sag[s] in the [town] square."

After describing what Maycomb looks like in general, she proceeds to describe the time period and the people of Maycomb, which are also factors of the setting. We know the story unfolds during the Great Depression due to Scout's reference to "Hoover carts," which are horse-drawn carts that the poor can actually afford as opposed to the automobiles of the rich. We also know that the people of Maycomb adhere to very strict social customs. For example, men wear "stiff collars" and "ladies bathed before noon, after their three-o'clock naps, and by nightfall were like soft teacakes with frostings of sweat and sweet talcum." In addition, due to the Great Depression, Scout expresses that it seemed that people "moved slowly" in those days because "there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside of the boundaries of Maycomb County."

Scout's multitude of descriptions about the setting leaves the reader with many impressions about what the people of Maycomb are like as a whole, which helps establish the main mood for the entire book.

Due to Scout's descriptions, we know that the town of Maycomb is a bit rugged and home to some rugged people. But these rugged people are also rather calm and laid back while also being rigid in upholding what they view as their principles. The calmness/comfort coupled with the ruggedness and strictness of Maycomb's people helps identify the generally conflicting mood that dominates the book. Scout's descriptions paint a generally serene atmosphere and mood while also incorporating a contradictory rough and hostile mood. Scout's descriptions of the setting position the reader for a conflicting and emotional story about townspeople who are generally decent but are stuck in their racist, bigoted, hypocritical ways.

In Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart, what are the similarities between Onkonkwo and his father, Unoka?

This is an interesting question in part because Okonkwo despises his father Unoka and strives to be the exact opposite of him in every meaningful way. However, despite Okonkwo's best efforts, Okonkwo and Unoka are similar in one key way: both men's actions negatively affect their children's lives. Throughout Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo laments how his father's laziness put him at a disadvantage. Unoka's unwillingness to be a hard worker placed him at the lowest rung in Umuofia's society, and this had an adverse effect on Okonkwo's ability to obtain titles, wives, and property:

"With a father like Unoka, Oknonkwo did not have the start in life which many young men had. He neither inherited a barn nor a title, nor even a young wife. But in spite of these disadvantages, he had begun even in his father's lifetime to lay the foundations of a prosperous future. It was slow and painful. But he threw himself into it like one possessed. And indeed he was possessed by the fear of his father's contemptible life and shameful death" (18).

Despite his desire to be the successful, masculine individual his father could never be, Okonkwo places his family in a difficult position when he is cast into exile. His family goes into exile and they wait seven years before they return. When they return to Umuofai, the entire region has changed, and Okonkwo's family is unable to recover socially:

"It was the wrong year too. If Okonkwo had immediately initiated his two sons into the ozo society as he had planned he would have caused a stir. But the initiation rite was performed once in three years in Umuofia, and he had to wait for nearly two years for nearly two years for the next round of ceremonies" (183).

Unoka and Okonkwo are more alike than Okonkwo would like to admit, and this is largely because the two men's actions have detrimental effects on their families.

How does Macbeth show great strength in the play Macbeth?

Macbeth's strength is best seen at the beginning of the play when he is described as a fearless warrior, full of valiance and loyalty to his king. He appears to be the one deserving all the praise that is heaped upon him. However, as we delve into his inner world of secret ambitions, we begin to doubt if he is really worthy of all the admiration he gets. His inner strength begins to wane as his perilous ambition takes control of him. He seems unable to resist his urge to kill Duncan and take the throne himself.

Once he murders Duncan, he is deprived of his inner strength and peace for good and attempts to appear strong to others by terrorizing the nation and punishing all those who he claims would harm him. He kills Banquo, Lady Macduff and others only because he is racked by his fear that somebody may rob him of his position.

As the play progresses, Macbeth becomes morally weak, and his downfall is imminent.

In Act I, what does Benvolio advise his cousin Romeo to do?

In Act I, Scene 1, just after the street fight between the Montagues and Capulets, Benvolio assures Lord and Lady Montague that he will discover why Romeo is so depressed. Apparently Romeo is in love with a girl who doesn't return his affection. He woefully laments his situation, explaining to Benvolio that the girl he loves has chosen to "live chaste" and will not respond to his charms. In response, Benvolio advises Romeo to "Forget to think of her" and "Examine other beauties." Romeo, however, will not be relieved of his despondency and suggests, in Act I, Scene 3, that there are no other women as lovely as Rosaline when he discovers she has been invited to a party at the estate of Lord Capulet. Benvolio disputes this claim, saying that he can show Romeo several other beautiful women and that Rosaline will not compare to them:

At this same ancient feast of Capulet’s
Sups the fair Rosaline whom thou so loves,
With all the admirèd beauties of Verona.
Go thither, and with unattainted eye
Compare her face with some that I shall show,
And I will make thee think thy swan a crow.

Benvolio proves to be quite prescient as Romeo sees Juliet at the party and falls instantly in love with her, totally forgetting Rosaline.   

What are Nepal, Columbia, Nicaragua, Portugal, and France classified as: compact, prorupt, elongated, fragmented, or perforated?

These countries are compact, the simplest shape. Compact states look basically like circles, with some minor variations. They are centered around a single geographic center which is often a political and economic center as well, and the rest of the country is defined by its proximity to that center. Poland and Germany are also compact states.

A prorupt state is like a compact state but with a long protrusion sticking out of it, like the pseudopod of an amoeba. These states often form in competition with others over some region of political or economic significance. Thailand is an example.

An elongated state is one that is very long and thin, often limited by terrain such as mountains or oceans. Panama and Chile are elongated states.

A fragmented state is one that is broken up into parts, so that there are some parts of the state between which there is no continuous land path that would connect those two parts. The United States was a compact state until we acquired Hawaii and then Alaska; now we are a fragmented state. Because they are fragments far from the center of the country, Alaska and Hawaii are known as exclaves.

Finally, a perforated state is just what it sounds like: A state with holes in it that are filled by other states. South Africa is perforated by Lesotho. The states that are surrounded by the perforated states are called enclaves.

What are the key points in the poem "The Lady of Shalott?"

Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem "The Lady of Shalott" is a ballad, or a story poem. To think about the key points, then, use the elements of the story arc. For this poem, the story unfolds like this:

Exposition: the setting and the characters are introduced in Part I. The island, the road, and the castle are described and the Lady of Shalott is introduced as a woman no one has seen, but whose songs can be heard through her open window.

Inciting incident: Part II begins with introducing the conflict of the story by describing the curse she is under if she stops weaving and looks to Camelot.

Rising action: as the action unfolds, the Lady hangs a mirror at her loom so she can see what is happening outside. She sees many types of people going toward Camelot. She sees knights and a funeral pass. Then she sees two newlyweds, and she begins to become discontented.

Climax: In Part III, the action continues to rise with the appearance of Sir Lancelot outside her window. The high point and turning point of the action is when "she left her web, she left her loom, / She made three paces through the room." The mirror cracks, and the curse comes upon her. This sets up the resolution of the conflict for good or ill--in this case ill. 

Falling action (denouement): In Part IV, the falling action occurs. She goes down to the river, gets into a boat, and floats toward Camelot. During this journey, "singing in her song, she died." She floats into Camelot and the people wonder who she is.

Resolution and theme: The poem ends when Lancelot views her, says "she has a lovely face," and blesses her. The curse, the conflict, has been resolved by her dying, but Lancelot has blessed her memory, even though he didn't know her, suggesting that if they had met, they may have had a future together. 

In a ballad, which is a story poem, one can keep track of key points by locating them in the story arc. 

How did Greek geography help Greece in the Persian wars?

The Persian Empire was separated from Greece by the Aegan Sea which proved to be among the most significant geographical challenges during the Greco-Persian Wars. The Persians lost a significant number of their combatants due to sea storms as they made their way to Greece. Crossing the Aegan also made their advance slow and noticeable to the Greeks, losing any opportunity for a surprise attack.

The terrain was also mountainous which proved a challenge for advancing Persian armies. The Greek armies received training in their natural environment which helped them get accustomed to the harsh terrain. This heightened level of awareness with regards to their environment, helped them in applying effective strategies against their opponents. For instance, during the Battle at Thermopylae, the Greeks were able to hold off the Persian Army by creating a blockade along the narrow pass. They did this successfully until they were betrayed by a fellow Greek, who showed the Persians an alternative route.

The Greeks were to some extent aided by the geography of their territory against the Persians, who were exposed to greater risks while navigating the waterways and were also unaccustomed to the mountainous terrain.

What is a direct characterization for Mr. White in "The Monkey's Paw"?

Mr. White is a risk taker and excitable.

Most of the characterization is indirect.  Indirect characterization means that characters are described through their words and actions.  Direct characterization is when the narrator reveals traits about the character directly to the reader by describing the character specifically.

Here is an example of direct characterization of Mr. White.

Father and son were at chess, the former, who possessed ideas about the game involving radical changes, putting his king into such sharp and unnecessary perils that it even provoked comment from the white-haired old lady knitting placidly by the fire.

This statement is direct characterization because we are told that Mr. White has radical ideas about chess.  We do have to make some inferences from this to get more of an understanding of Mr. White.  For instance, we can infer that he likes to win, or that he takes risks.

Most of Mr. White’s traits are shown to the reader through indirect characterization, which is describing through words and actions of the character.  For example, we learn that Mr. White has a rather boisterous personality by his reaction to the storm.

"That's the worst of living so far out," bawled Mr. White, with sudden and unlooked-for violence; "of all the beastly, slushy, out-of-the-way places to live in, this is the worst. Pathway's a bog, and the road's a torrent. I don't know what people are thinking about. …"

Mr. White is very passionate about this storm and the fact that he lives so far away from other people.  He does not like the fact that the pathway has been let to get so bad.  From this statement we can learn that Mr. White is a very excitable person, and that he speaks his mind.  The narrator tells us specifically that the statement was made with unnecessary violence.  This is how we know that Mr. White has a vivid personality.  It confirms the statement made about him before.

What was left behind in the vault after the bank robbery in Avi's The Man Who Was Poe?

In chapter 8 of Avi's The Man Who Was Poe, we learn a white button and piece of string were left behind in the bank vault after the bank robbery.

In this chapter, Edgar Allan Poe visits Providence Bank to see the vault from which the gold was stolen. He poses as Mr. Grey, a "private investigator from the Lowell Insurance Company" (75). Mr. Peterson, one of the clerks at the bank, leads Poe to the vault. Before Poe enters the Vault, Mr. Peterson says he was already sent to examine the vault and only found a "white button" (76). As Poe looks at the button in Mr. Peterson's hand, he sees it matches the same pearl button from the shoe of Edmund's sister that Edmund found earlier in the room of the tenement building just across from Edmund's own room.  

Though Mr. Peterson claims the button was the only thing to be found in the vault, when Poe kneels down to examine the floor of the vault, partially because he feel like fainting, he finds a "bit of string" that he pockets (77). He also notices the air shaft in the vault is too narrow for a grown adult to enter, but a child could easily fit into the shaft. He later compares the piece of string to the "bell ropes of the Unitarian Church" and concludes that the string is not really a string but a "piece of strong rope" (155). It's the piece of rope and the button that help him reach the conclusion that Sis was kidnapped by Mr. Rachett so he could use her to steal the gold in the vault by sending her down the air shaft tied to a rope.

How did German actions and experiences during the First World War affect them after the armistice of November 11, 1918?

German actions and experiences during World War I affected them after World War I ended. Germany had an aggressive plan during World War I. Their goal was to quickly defeat France on the Western Front and then turn to the Eastern Front to defeat Russia. They also began to sink our ships without warning during the war, which violated our rights as a neutral nation. This eventually brought us into the war on the side of the Allies.

Germany also began to use new weapons during the war. The Zeppelin airship was used to drop bombs on the Allies. The submarine was used to launch surprise attacks on Allied ships. They also used chlorine gas as a weapon. The flamethrower was another new weapon that Germany used. These weapons, along with the use of trench warfare, caused significant damage, death, and destruction during World War I.

After World War I ended, the Allies wanted to punish Germany. The terms of the Versailles Treaty were very harsh on Germany. Germany had to pay the Allies $33 billion in reparations. These payments crippled the German economy after the war. This contributed to a significant economic depression in Germany. Germany also had to accept the responsibility for World War I. This angered many Germans. These factors helped to convince the German people to turn to a dictator to lead them. Adolf Hitler used the depression and the alleged insult to German pride to eventually seize power and lead Germany on a path toward World War II. German actions during World War I affected them after the war ended.

What does the author mean when he uses the phrase "lonesome waif, forsaken by the world"?

These words are used to describe Ratan, the girl who came to help out around the home and office of the Postmaster.  Ratan is an orphan, but one who is old enough to remember her parents and her younger brother.  We never learn what happened to them, but this detail is enough to imagine that Ratan feels very much abandoned in their absence.  She and the Postmaster have a good relationship, each being the other’s only true companion – Ratan is always there in the yard, “waiting for his call,” and cares for The Postmaster when he is sick.  As for the Postmaster, “He longed to remember the touch on the forehead of soft hands with tinkling bracelets, to imagine the presence of loving womanhood, the nearness of mother and sister.”  And Ratan fills this role admirably.  Yet, when he resigns his post and leaves the village for his home in Calcutta, he does not take Ratan with him.  This is her final abandonment – she was alone, a young, skinny girl with no family and no friends in the world besides the Postmaster.  And now he is leaving her.  And so, to describe her as “that lonesome waif, forsaken of the world” simply emphasizes how dependent Ratan is on her relationship with the Postmaster, and how now she has nothing to call her home.  Indeed, once the Postmaster has left the village, “she was wandering about the post office in a flood of tears.”  She had nowhere to go and no one to go to.  And now she must make her own way in the world, lonesome, yes, and forsaken.

How is sexuality a theme throughout these letters?

Letters to a Young Poet consists of ten letters written by the poet, Rainer Maria Rilke, to an aspiring writer, Franz Xaver Kappus.

Although Rilke advises Kappus on matters pertaining to life and to the true authorial voice, the theme of sexuality is both a latent and driving force behind every piece of valuable counsel in the letters.

You have characterized him quite well with the phrase: "living and writing in heat." And in fact the artist's experience lies so unbelievably close to the sexual, to its pain and its pleasure, that the two phenomena are really just different forms of one and the same longing and bliss... His poetic power is great and as strong as a primal instinct; it has its own relentless rhythms in itself and explodes from him like a volcano. (from the Third Letter).

Throughout the letters, Rilke tells Kappus not to be so anxious to write well that he forgets to experience life and to be open to new influences and lessons which will enrich his writing.

I would like to beg you, dear Sir, as well as I can, to have patience with everything unresolved in your heart and to try to love the questions themselves as if they were locked rooms or books written in a very foreign language. Don't search for the answers, which could not be given to you now, because you would not be able to live them... Sex is difficult; yes. But those tasks that have been entrusted to us are difficult; almost everything serious is difficult; and everything is serious. (from the Fourth Letter).

In Rilke's words, good sex takes effort and 'relentless rhythms' to achieve that frenzy of agonizing pleasure that is savored at the apex of desire. Likewise, good writing involves a similar struggle. In fact, Rilke hypothesizes that anything worthy of achievement in life involves patient, formidable struggle:

Most people have (with the help of conventions) turned their solutions toward what is easy and toward the easiest side of the easy; but it is clear that we must trust in what is difficult; everything alive trusts in it, everything, in Nature grows and defends itself any way it can and is spontaneously itself, tries to be itself at all costs and against all opposition. It is also good to love: because love is difficult... (from the Seventh Letter).

Furthermore, in order to prepare to love, one must learn how to love. This, in itself, is often a solitary process of self-examination and contemplation before one can consider 'merging, surrendering, and uniting with another person.' Likewise, every good piece of writing involves a quiet seeking of the self; it is this silent virtue of achieving personal equilibrium which births written works of the greatest beauty and emotion.

...your solitude will expand and become a place where you can live in the twilight, where the noise of other people passes by, far in the distance. And if out of , this turning within, out of this immersion in your own world, poems come, then you will not think of asking anyone whether they are good or not. (from the First Letter).

So, you can see that the theme of sexuality recapitulates the personal struggles of every good writer who eventually produces works of the greatest clarity and beauty.

Why was the experiment so unfair to Beatrice in "Rappaccini's Daughter"?

Imagine that you had a father who was a scientist, and as soon as you came into the world, your father used you as a guinea pig to gain scientific knowledge; that this isolated you from the world and made you toxic to all others. This was the situation into which Beatrice was born. From the time of her birth, her father deliberately nourished her on  plant toxins to grow up to be impervious to poisons or illness and feared by all, but inevitably alone, since she was toxic to all. She could exist only in the poisonous garden cultivated by her father. She had no choice in this matter, since by the time she could have exercised any choice at all, she was already ruined in this way by her father. Rappacinni, it was said, "would sacrifice human life, his own among the rest, or whatever else was dearest to him" (4), in order to gain knowledge. This included his very own daughter, whom he sacrificed to his quest for knowledge. At the end of the story, Beatrice loses her life because her father cared more for science than for his own daughter. This is extremely unfair to Beatrice, who had no say in the matter at all.

Calorimetry help! I need to know why, in this video,the enthalpy calculated using the calorimetry equation ∆H=mc∆T is HIGHER than the enthalpy...

I watched the video and have an explanation for the two parts that confused you.

The host conducted an experiment in which he combined 100 g of 1.00 M HCl and 100 g of 1.00 M NaOH in a calorimeter, a container designed to prevent heat loss to the surroundings. He measured the temperature both before and after combining the two solutions. After the solutions were combined the temperature increased due to the heat released by the neutralization reaction. He used the following formula to calculate the heat change:

q = ∆H = sm∆T, where:

∆H = heat released or absorbed

s = specific heat capacity, which is 4.184 J/g-K for water

m = mass of substance absorbing or releasing heat

∆H = (4.184 J/g-k)(200. g)(7.4 K) = 6192.32 J = 6.2 kJ

The host explained that the value is positive because the temperature increases. In other words, the final temperature minus the initial temperature is positive. 

Here's the reason why the results give a positive value:

The reaction between HCl and NaOH is exothermic, meaning that heat is released. The heat released by the chemical reaction is absorbed by the water in which the chemicals are dissolved. The amount of heat lost by the reactants in forming products equals the amount of heat gained by the water, but is opposite in sign. What was calculated was the heat gained by the water, thus the positive sign. The heat of reaction is the opposite, -6.2 kJ. This wasn't pointed out.

The second point of confusion was the comparison of the values obtained using ∆H=sm∆T and Hess's Law. These two values should be equal but aren't due to experimental error. The Hess's Law calculation, which gave a value of -5.67 kJ, is the theoretical value for the neutralization reaction. The value was calculated using standard heats of formation of the products and reactants. The experimental value varies from the theoretical value by 9.3%. 

The host pointed out two possible sources of error that could account for the difference between the two values:

1. The specific heat capacity of pure water was used to calculate the heat absorbed by the solution, even though the solution was salt water and not pure water.

2. The heat absorbed by the calorimeter wasn't accounted for. 

The first reason is a better explanation. Error due to the calorimeter absorbing heat would produce a result that's smaller that the theoretical value, not larger. 

I hope this helps you better understand the problem worked out in the video.

How does the Party control the people of Oceania in the novel 1984?

The Party uses surveillance, thought control, endless war, and endless propaganda to control Party members in 1984. 

As we learn early in the novel, the television screen in every one's apartment is not only a way for residents to watch television. Through the screen the Party watches them:

Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard.

The Party also alters history to maintain control. Winston's job is to rewrite old newspaper stories to align with whatever is the so-called "truth" at the moment. In this way, the Party hopes to maintain total control over the truth, which, of course, in its hands, is a lie. More importantly, the Party has been trying to cut down the number of words in the language to a bare minimum. To do so, it is creating a language called Newspeak. It believes that without many words to choose from, people won't be able to formulate thoughts that oppose the Party.

Endless warfare diverts people's attention from the misery of daily life and gives the Party a rationale for maintaining an oppressive police state. As long as there's a war effort to justify it, the Party can demand people work long hours and live on tasteless food rations and Victory gin.

Finally, ceaseless propaganda supports all of this. From the endless posters proclaiming "Big Brother is watching you" to the daily "Two Minute Hate" sessions directed at the "enemy of the people," Goldstein, the Party keeps people's minds full of what it wants them to know. The Hate sessions also target people's aggressions away from the Party and toward other enemies.

Winston can not turn off the television in his apartment. The telescreen can invade people's lives and thoughts at any moment. The following is an example:

The voice from the telescreen paused. A trumpet call, clear and beautiful, floated into the stagnant air. The voice continued raspingly: ’Attention! Your attention, please! A newsflash has this moment arrived from the Malabar front. Our forces in South India have won a glorious victory. 

With such endless distractions, constant surveillance, dumbing down of discourse and propaganda, the state keeps an iron grip on its Party members.

Which events finally trigged King Leopold's handover of the Congo?

King Leopold II of Belgium was the owner and ruler of the Congo, then known as the Congo Free State. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, representatives from Europe and the United States handed over the colony to Leopold, who pretended to be a great humanitarian. In reality, however, he ruled over the Congo as a dictator, using his private army to brutally force the Congolese people to extract ivory and rubber. Scholars believe that as much as half of the native population died during Leopold's savage reign.

Rumors of his brutality circulated for years, but they were largely ignored. In 1902, Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, based on Conrad's experiences as a steamboat captain in the Congo years before, was published (it had appeared as a three-part serial in a magazine in 1899), exposing the atrocities that Leopold and his army were committing in the Congo. The British government finally appointed Roger Casement to investigate what was going on in the Congo, and his report, the Casement Report, documented Leopold's abuses. A shipping clerk named E.D. Morel then founded the Congo Reform Association. In his position, he had seen ships leaving from Belgium only with guns and other weapons and returning with valuable rubber and ivory. From these records, Morel guessed at Leopold's atrocities. Morel's actions, supported by Mark Twain and others, was an example of an average person taking steps to reform abuses. In 1908, King Leopold was forced to give up the Congo to the Belgian Parliament, and it became the Belgian Congo.

What do we learn about Boo Radley’s universe of obligation in Chapter 8 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird? Do his actions in Chapter 8 reveal...

In Chapter 8 of To Kill a Mockingbird, we learn that Arthur (Boo) Radley has fulfilled yet another act of benevolence.

In Chapter 8, Maycomb is facing the coldest winter it has had since 1885. After a day of Jem and Scout playing in the light dusting of snow, Calpurnia must set every fireplace in the house ablaze to warm up the house even a tiny bit. That night, the neighborhood wakes to discover Miss Maudie's house has caught on fire. Atticus instructs his children to stand in front of the Radleys' gate, far away from the fire, while the fire is being put out.

After the emergency, while back safely in the Finches' kitchen drinking hot cocoa, Atticus, Scout, and Jem are all three surprised to discover Scout is wearing a "brown woolen blanket" around her shoulders. Jem recalls seeing Mr. Nathan Radley, Arthur's brother, down at the fire helping out, which means that Arthur was left alone in the Radleys' house unsupervised. Upon remembering seeing Mr. Nathan down at the fire, Jem is the first to deduce that Arthur must have sneaked up behind Scout and draped the blanket around her shoulders, and, as Atticus explains, Scout was "so busy looking at the fire" she didn't even realize Arthur had put a blanket around her. Yet, when Atticus suggests they wrap up the blanket and return it to Arthur, Jem becomes upset, fearing Arthur will get into trouble with Mr. Nathan, and Atticus agrees they should keep the blanket a secret.

The incident in this chapter shows us a couple of things about Arthur's universe of obligation. First, it shows that Arthur is obliged to yield to the authority of his other family members. If his family members, like his father and now his older brother, feel that Arthur should never leave the house and never be in contact with the world around him, then Arthur is obligated to adhere to their decisions. At the same time, we learn that Arthur objects to his confinement and, therefore, attempts to make contact with the outside world in any secretive way he can, just as he did when he left Scout and Jem gifts in the knothole of the oak tree. More importantly, we learn that Arthur is reaching out to the children in his own secret way because he genuinely cares about them. In caring for the children and reaching out to them, he is fulfilling his own obligation to himself, not just to his brother. We can sense he genuinely cares because, like a father, he saw the two Finch children standing out in the freezing cold night and did his best to take care of the smallest child. Hence, caring for the children is the second aspect of Arthur's universe of obligation.

In addition, Arthur's action in Chapter 8 completely dispels all rumors that Arthur is an insane murderer and a threat to all who come near him. In reality, he is a very kind and caring person.

In the poem, "As I Grew Older", by Langston Hughes, where is symbolism in it, and what did he symbolize?

Langston Hughes uses two symbols in the poem, “As I Grew Older”, with his imagery of a sun that represents his dreams and a wall that keeps him from obtaining them.  The sun in the poem symbolizes Hughes’ dream for equality and acceptance in a racist society that keeps him from achieving success or opportunities. He had dreams once, but a wall was erected keeping him from finding them.  The wall symbolizes discrimination, prejudice, and racism in a society who doesn’t see him as a human being.  The wall keeps Hughes in the “shadows” of society unable to get up and out of his predicament of simply being black. 

The poem is a call for help to society to stop keeping those disenfranchised or discriminated against unable to achieve their dreams. Hughes wants to break down the wall of hatred and racism (symbolized by the night and shadow) and have the same possibilities as anyone in the United States.   Equal opportunity will grant thousands of dreams and bring hope (the sun) to those unable to accomplish their dreams.

At the end of A Scandal in Bohemia by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who can be considered the winner in the case?

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's short story "A Scandal in Bohemia," the hereditary King of Bohemia has gotten himself into a pickle. He has fallen in love with an opera singer named Irene Adler, who presently has a photograph of the two of them together. The King is engaged to be married to a high-society woman, and if this photograph were ever to come to light, his reputation might be damaged. In the 19th century, photographs were an expensive luxury and were taken far more seriously with regards to content. A photo of the King and Miss Adler together, coupled with the letters he wrote her, would imply that they were quite serious in their romantic entanglement. The King fears that Adler might use the photograph to sabotage his engagement, and hires Sherlock Holmes to steal it away from Miss Adler.

Holmes and his companion, Dr. Watson, set out to "case" Miss Adler's home and suss out where she might be hiding this precious photograph. In the end, she figures out what they are up to. She packs up all of her belongings, photograph included, and leaves London. When Holmes and Watson return to her home to check the safe they believe to contain the photograph, they find a letter from Miss Adler explaining that she intends to keep the photograph and letters to herself rather than harm the King. 

I would say that this is a win-win-win situation-- the King is safe from blackmail and social ruin, Miss Adler gets to keep the mementos of her relationship, and Mr. Holmes was paid for at least resolving the case. If there were any one true winner in the matter, it would have to be Irene Adler. She has gotten to keep the photograph the King, a powerful man, wanted from her, and she has outsmarted Sherlock Holmes!

What is the evidence of change?

Change is a difference from the current state. For example, water changes to steam, when it is boiled and hence has a change of state from liquid to gas. 

When talking about change in physics or chemistry, we refer to physical change or chemical change. A physical change does not involve a change in chemical composition of the material and is usually visible. For example, when we heat a solid metal (such as iron), it melts and changes from solid to liquid (a change of state), yet it still stays iron metal. On the other hand, chemical changes involve change in chemical composition. For example, when we burn fuel (such as gasoline, diesel, etc.) in our vehicles, gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, etc. are generated and a change in chemical composition occurs. Chemical changes are generally evidenced by gas emission, heat release, precipitation, etc. 

A number of other changes take place in our day to day life. We see difference in level of light and call it day and night (and morning and evening). We feel change in temperature and call it summer or winter, etc.

Hope this helps. 

I am trying to determine a reaction that will convert one substance into another for each step of this synthetic route. I need to a write...

This set of reactions will product the products specified in the question:

1. Copper is reacted with concentrated nitric acid to produce copper(II)nitrate:

`Cu + 4 HNO_3_(aq) -> Cu(NO_3)_2_(aq) + 2 H_2O_((l)) + 2 NO_2_(g)`

2. Aqueous copper nitrate is reacted with 3M sodium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble copper hydroxide:

` Cu(NO_3)_2_(aq) + 2 NaOH_(aq)-> Cu(OH)_2_((s)) + 2 NaNO3_((aq))`

3. The copper(II)hydroxide is heated to produce solid copper oxide:

` Cu(OH)_2_(s) -> CuO_((s)) + H_2O_((l))` 

4. The CuO is reacted with 6M sulfuric acid to produce aqueous copper sulfate:

`CuO_((s)) + H_2SO_4_(aq)-> CuSO_4_(aq) + H_2O_((l))`

These reactions are part of a copper cycle, in which start and end with copper metal. The cycle can be completed by reacting the copper sulfate with granular zinc to produce copper metal:

`CuSO_4_(aq) + Zn_(s)-> ZnSO_4_(aq) + Cu_((s))`

These are the simplest forms of the equations for the reactions that take place. The attached link gives you some more information about the chemistry of copper, including the complex ions present in solution in some of these reactions.

As the dim shape in the wallpaper becomes clearer, what does the narrator realize it is?

Day after day, the narrator watches the wallpaper, and she realizes that there is a figure, "like a woman, stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern."  At first, she hates the wallpaper and its horrible color, pattern, and smell.  She associates it with illness and decay and death.  As she becomes more and more unhappy in her attic prison, a place with bars on the windows, a bed nailed to the floor, and a gate at the top of the stairs to prevent her from leaving, she realizes that the wallpaper has "bars" too, bars that trap the woman in the paper.  By day, this woman is "subdued, quiet," and it keeps the narrator "quiet by the hour." 

Shortly after she begins to see this woman, trapped in the paper, she realizes that "Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be" because she has something to occupy her mind, something to think about and reflect on.  She now begins to feel as though she is improving as a result of the wallpaper.  She claims to see the woman "creeping" behind the bars in the paper, just as she admits to "creeping" all over her own room, but only "by daylight" (when she's alone because her husband is away).  Finally, she realizes that the woman is shaking the bars on the wallpaper just as she, herself, begins to help her by tearing the paper down.  In the end, she realizes that she "[came] out of that wall-paper" -- she feels that she is successfully freed this woman from the wallpaper, and now she believes that she is actually the woman she freed. 

In the story titled "Lamb to the Slaughter," what new ideas or insights does a reader learn from this story?

One of the things a reader might learn from "Lamb to the Slaughter" is that love can turn to hate. Unfortunately, this often happens to married people, but, fortunately, it doesn't happen as quickly as it does with Mary Maloney. A marital relationship is a sensitive one. We are told that something like fifty percent of marriages in America end in divorce. And yet most of these couples must have loved each other when they said their vows. I don't think the reader is entirely surprised when Mary Maloney suddenly bashes her husband over the head with a frozen leg of lamb. Maybe she loved him too much. Maybe she expected too much of him. Maybe she thought he loved her as much as she loved him and then came to realize that he really didn't love her at all. This would be a crushing realization and could lead to the sudden impulse to kill.

Another thing a reader might learn from "Lamb to the Slaughter" is that, as the old saying has it, "Still waters run deep." This is the same as saying that people who appear to be meek and mild may be like dormant volcanoes and may be capable of suddenly erupting without warning. That seems to be a good description of Mary Maloney. When she becomes a different person after her eruption, it may be that her new character traits were always there but needed that eruption in order to set themselves free. She exhibits cunning, foresight, duplicity, and a secret sense of humor.

The most impressive thing about Roald Dahl's story is the dramatic change in Mary Maloney's character. Patrick Maloney seems to have been doing her a favor in telling her he is leaving her. She becomes multifaceted and much more interesting after her impulsive act. She seems to become liberated. The reader must sense that Mary will be a different person for the rest of her life.

Mary Maloney might be compared with Mrs. Foster in Roald Dahl's story "The Way Up to Heaven." Mrs. Foster experiences a similar character change when she is responsible for the death of her husband.

How is Ophelia obedient in Hamlet?

In William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, Ophelia is traditionally characterized as extremely obedient, a trait typically attributed to the direct cause of her death. There are several scenes when Ophelia exhibits obedience: 

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  Obedience of her brother and father's wishes: Her father and brother warn her to stay away from Hamlet, who they believe could mistreat her due to their difference in class status. Despite her love for Hamlet, she acquiesces. 


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  Obedience of her father and Claudius' wishes: Polonius and Claudius use Ophelia to spy on Hamlet, directing her to stage an interaction so that they can secretly watch. She quietly submits to this amoral request. 


• 
  Obedience of Hamlet's demands: Hamlet's treatment of Ophelia constantly oscillates between kind and cruel, but she still allows him to use her whenever he makes a request of her. 

In 1831, the Supreme Court handed down a decision about the forcible movement of natives. What did they say?

In 1831, the Supreme Court heard the case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. In the late 1820s, the state of Georgia began to take away the rights of Native Americans and to move them off their lands in a process referred to as "Indian removal." In response, the Cherokee argued that they had negotiated treaties with the U.S. federal government that had granted them the rights to these lands. The Cherokee brought this case to the Supreme Court to stop the state of Georgia from removing them from their land.

However, in this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the court did not have the jurisdiction, or legal right, to hear this case. While the court sympathized with the suffering of the Cherokees, the court under Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Cherokee were both an foreign nation, separate from the U.S., and a people dependent on the U.S. government. The U.S. government could negotiate treaties with independent nations but not with Indian nations such as the Cherokee.

However, in 1832, in the case Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were a separate, independent nation with a right to retain their lands. The Cherokee hoped this second decision would cause the federal government to intervene to stop Indian removal carried out by the state of Georgia, but President Jackson did not enforce the court's decision and allowed Georgia to continue the policy of Indian removal. 

How do Ulrich and Georg become friends in "The Interlopers"?

Ulrich is out patrolling his land, hoping to find Georg and perhaps catch him in the act of poaching. He and Georg meet and confront one another. Each man threatens the other. They seem poised for a deadly confrontation as both men are armed. But they both hesitate. During these moments of mutual hesitation, a storm hits and lightning strikes a tree, bringing it to the ground. Ulrich and Georg are trapped beneath the tree. Ulrich warns Georg that he will be sorry when his (Ulrich's) men arrive. Georg argues the same point, that his men are out on this night as well. They are both still threatening murder at this point. 

Neither man could get free of the downed tree. Ulrich concentrates his energy on opening his flask of wine. The wine is invigorating and Ulrich looks at Georg with pity. He offers him some wine. 

“Could you reach this flask if I threw it over to you?” asked Ulrich suddenly. “There is good wine in it, and one may as well be as comfortable as one can. Let us drink, even if tonight one of us dies.” 

Even though Georg refuses to drink with his enemy, Ulrich continues to lose the hateful feelings he has always had toward Georg. He tells Georg that if his men arrive first, that Georg will be freed first and unharmed. Georg pauses, warmed by this generous gesture, and responds that it would cause quite a stir if word got out that they had become friends. Georg concludes that they should become friends. The feud ends as a result of being in a dire situation together. With the wine, it is something like a "last supper," a time when they bond under extreme circumstances. 

Why did the plantation system develop in the South?

The plantation system developed for several reasons. The Southern colonies had been founded by companies or proprietors who wished to make a profit, and they accordingly encouraged cash crops like tobacco (in the Chesapeake) and rice (in the Low Country). These crops were labor intensive, which meant that growers turned first to indentured servants and then to African slaves as a labor supply (so, too, did sugar planters in the Caribbean.) They also required a great deal of land and capital, which meant that due to an economic principle called "economies of scale," cash crops, especially rice, favored very wealthy people with large landholdings and access to large labor forces. So in the Southern colonies/United States, the economic realities of staple crop production favored the formation of large farms, or plantations. Cotton, which emerged as the biggest cash crop in the nineteenth-century South, was less shaped by economies of scale--many small planters and farmers could profitably raise the crop. But even still, the largest cotton planters in places like Alabama and Mississippi dominated the Southern economy and increasingly its politics. Large capital investments in land and enslaved people made the production of large amounts of cotton profitable, so the region's dependence on cash crops continued to foster the plantation system.

How does Hurst use symbolism, tone, and conflict to make us sympathize with the narrator in "The Scarlet Ibis"?

James Hurst's short story "The Scarlet Ibis" is told as a flashback by a first person narrator. We never learn the narrator's name as he recounts the story of his childhood with his brother Doodle. The fact the narrator already knows the outcome of the story colors his telling. He is obviously feeling guilty about what happened, yet the reader can't help but feel some sympathy for him.  

There are three distinct symbols which help us understand the narrator's actions. One of the first places the narrator ever takes Doodle is "Old Woman Swamp." Hurst writes, "I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp." Despite the fact the narrator sometimes considers Doodle a burden, sharing the beauty of the outdoors is a symbol of his love for the boy. In fact, the best times the two have are at the banks of the swamp as they make "honeysuckle wreaths" and tell "crazy" stories.

Another symbol that helps us sympathize with the narrator, and understand the conflict between the narrator and Doodle, is the mention of World War I by the boys' mother. Hurst uses the war as a symbol for the conflict between the brothers. The narrator is pushed by a blind source, his pride, to figuratively wage war on Doodle. His embarrassment at having a crippled brother makes him do things he wouldn't otherwise consider. Like the soldiers in a war, he is innocent as he is pushed by a source he doesn't understand.

The third symbol is the ibis, which represents Doodle. In the end, the narrator recognizes that the elegant fragility of the bird mirrors his brother. When he goes back, after abandoning Doodle in a rainstorm, he cries over his dead brother. Hurst writes,

For a long, long time, it seemed forever, I lay there crying, sheltering my fallen scarlet ibis from the heresy of rain.

The tone of the story is one of remorse and regret. From the outset, the story stinks of death as the narrator uses words such as "rotting," "rank," "empty," "untenanted" and "graveyard." Because of the somber tone and the death imagery of the first two paragraphs we already feel sorry of the narrator. Throughout the story he uses retrospect to explain his actions. He was often prideful, selfish and mean. 

This internal conflict in the story also helps us understand the narrator's actions. Before showing Doodle the coffin that was made when it looked like Doodle might die as a baby, the narrator explains his actions:

There is within me (and with sadness I have watched it in others) a knot of cruelty borne by the stream of love, much as our blood sometimes bears the seed of destruction, and at times I was mean to Doodle.

Later, he also admits he taught Doodle to walk, not for his brother's benefit, but for his own because he couldn't abide having an invalid for a brother. He launches into a rigorous training routine for Doodle for the same reason. He very much wants a brother that is equal to the other boys at school. This internal conflict is finally deadly for Doodle. The narrator, frustrated that he cannot remake his brother, runs away from him, ultimately contributing to the boy's death.

How might various managerial skills relate to different managerial roles.

Although each management position may require a different set of skills, there are some skills that general managers should have. Those include management and leadership skills, communication skills, collaboration skills, critical thinking skills, finance skills and project management skills. These management skills may be broken down further into problem solving and decision making, planning, delegation, managing oneself, meeting management and internal and external communications.

In addition to the above skills, a project manager should demonstrate leadership, be able to manage cross-functional teams, be results oriented, be able to resolve conflicts, and demonstrate adaptability. A sales manager should have the general management skills as well as be able to demonstrate competence in sales and marketing. A sales manager would need good negotiating and decision making skills as well. An office manager should have strong organizational skills, be able to multitask, be accurate and punctual, and be flexible to work hours. A business development manager needs good networking skills, a solid presenter, analytical abilities, and excellent research abilities. 

In the Lowry's The Giver, Jonas's father is a Nurturer. What are some rules he may need to follow?

There are fifty children born into the community each year. As a Nurturer, Jonas's father is in charge of caring for them. He is also in charge of calculating growth measurements physically and emotionally.  

"He (Jonas) listened politely. . . while his father took his turn, describing a feeling of worry that he'd had that day at work: a concern about one of the new children who wasn't doing well. Jonas's father's title was Nurturer. He and the other Nurturers were responsible for all the physical and emotional needs of every new child during its earliest life. It was a very important job. . ." (7).

A committee names each child, but Nurturers are not supposed to call the new children by their names. The names are revealed at the Naming Ceremony when the children are placed with their family units. Jonas's dad breaks a rule by prematurely finding out a name from the list because he thinks it may help one certain child to grow and develop better. Also, Nurturers are not supposed to take the new children home with them. Eventually, he gets permission to bring Gabriel home in an effort to save his life. 

If there are twins, then the smaller of the two is "released." Once a child is scheduled for "release," Jonas's father must insert a needle into the baby's head and administer a deadly drug. Then he packages up the baby in a box and sends it down a garbage tube. Being able to do such a murderous thing would mean that Nurturers probably aren't allowed to bond emotionally to the babies. The babies that survive the Nurturing Center are given to family units eventually, so Nurturers would have to be able to let go of them each year.

Why is Miyax alone and lost in Julie of the Wolves?

In short, Miyax is "alone and lost" because she has run away from her mentally ill husband, Daniel, in a desperate attempt to travel to her pen pal, Amy, in San Francisco.  Unfortunately, Miyax ends up in the Alaskan tundra during the one time of year (the Arctic summer) when it is almost impossible to determine both direction and location.

Miyax is coerced into marrying Daniel in order to escape from her Aunt Martha.  The marriage between Miyax and Daniel is an arranged marriage.  The moment Julie sees Daniel, she notices there "is something wrong with him."  It is not long before Daniel attempts to rape Miyax.  This is the event that causes Miyax to flee onto the Alaskan tundra.

One would think that an Eskimo as trained as Miyax would not be lost on the tundra, but at the time Miyax runs away, the north star (the ultimate guide for an Eskimo) is not visible.  The migration of the arctic terns aren't visible either (in that they have not started their migration).  Further, in the northern Alaskan summer, the sun never sets.  It simply circles the horizon.  Therefore, there is no way for Miyax to tell east from west.  

What examples of foreshadowing can be found in the story? How do they relate to what is going to happen later?

Jack Finney includes foreshadowing in his short story “Contents of the Dead Man's Pockets.”

In the first paragraph, Tom Benecke is getting ready to work in his apartment when he decides it is too warm in the room.  "Hot in here," he muttered to himself.” In the second paragraph, Finney describes Tom’s physique as being that of a man who could have played basketball in college. Tom attempts to open the window of his eleventh story apartment but is thwarted when it is stuck. He exerts his strength and is able to open the window in spite of the paint in the tracks. This section foreshadows the difficulties Tom will endure balancing on the eleventh story ledge due to his size and opening the window from the outside.

He was a tall, lean, dark-haired young man in a pullover sweater, who looked as though he had played not football, probably, but basketball in college. Now he placed the heels of his hands against the top edge of the lower window frame and shoved upward. But as usual the window didn't budge, and he had to lower his hands and then shoot them hard upward to jolt the window open a few inches. He dusted his hands, muttering.

In addition, when the window slams shut while Tom is balancing on the ledge, the reader can predict that opening the window will be an obstacle he needs to overcome because of his previous problem with opening the window from within the apartment.

He couldn't open the window. It had been pulled not completely closed, but its lower edge was below the level of the outside sill; there was no room to get his fingers underneath it. Between the upper sash and the lower was a gap not wide enough--reaching up, he tried--to get his fingers into; he couldn't push it open. The upper window panel, he knew from long experience, was impossible to move, frozen tight with dried paint.

Another example of foreshadowing occurs when Tom opens the hallway door, which causes the breeze that lifts his yellow worksheet to fly out the window. He is saying good-bye to his wife when a draft goes through the room lifting the paper out onto the ledge of the building. He panics thinking his life will be changed if he does not get to the paper. He believes the work recorded on the paper is his ticket to prestige and a more prosperous career.

Turning, he saw a sheet of white paper drifting to the floor in a series of arcs, and another sheet, yellow, moving toward the window, caught in the dying current flowing through the narrow opening. As he watched, the paper struck the bottom edge of the window and hung there for an instant, plastered against the glass and wood. Then as the moving air stilled completely, the curtains swinging back from the wall to hang free again, he saw the yellow sheet drop to the window ledge and slide over out of sight.

After his ordeal on the ledge, which includes breaking the window to gain entry to the apartment, he throws on his coat, opens the door, and once again, a draft is created. He watches as the yellow worksheet is lifted off his desk and flies out the window. This time, he laughs and races off to join his wife. While on the ledge, he faces death, which changes his outlook on the important things in life.

There he got out his topcoat and hat and, without waiting to put them on, opened the front door and stepped out, to go find his wife. He turned to pull the door closed and the warm air from the hall rushed through the narrow opening again. As he saw the yellow paper, the pencil flying, scooped off the desk and, unimpeded by the glassless window, sail out into the night and out of his life, Tom Benecke burst into laughter and then closed the door behind him.

In The Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, as the play progresses Nora learns a lot about herself. Do you agree with this?

I’m going to disagree with this opinion, largely because Ibsen, in his entire canon, does not concern himself much with a character’s self-examination or self-awareness; he focuses rather on the character’s place in a society that is being revealed to the viewer/reader.  This is the central idea in this period of drama, which we now call "social realism." While Nora’s character is surely revealed to us (and by extension her society), she is not particularly introspective. She already knows herself well enough to forge the signature and save her husband, in other words to act effectively rather than according to the laws (both legal and social) that society has imposed. The strength of Ibsen’s pro-feminist argument lies in the fact that Nora is strong enough, sure of herself enough, to act, an assumption not automatically made in 19th-century Scandinavia. There are no internal monologues or other dramatic devices to suggest that Nora is “learning a lot about herself.” True, Helmer and the other characters are learning a lot about Nora, but Nora already “knows” herself.

What was the story behind Daniel's name in the novel The Bronze Bow?

In Chapter 10, Daniel's grandmother is very ill and is lying on the floor of their home. Daniel regrets not telling his grandmother his true feelings about her and why he chose to leave for the mountain. Daniel begins speaking to himself and reminiscing about old times. He tells his grandmother that she was the first person who told him the story of the prophet Daniel, who he was named after. Daniel refused to stop praying to his God, and King Darius cast him into a den of lions. God sent an angel to shut the mouths of the lions so that they would not harm Daniel. Sure enough, Daniel was not hurt while he was in the den. Daniel tells his grandmother that he enjoyed listening to the old stories and that they made him fell proud about being named Daniel.

Discus the interrelationship of different business functions and how it helps to enhance business success

Given that the business environment of the 21st century is defined by rapid changes and innovation, it is essential for any organization, regardless of size, to create interrelationships between its different business departments. In fact, several leading business figures argue that the key to remaining competitive in today's marketplace is to create synergy. The only way to essentially create synergy in an organization is to allow different business functions to share information and collaborate with one another. However, this idea must be preached from top-level executives in order for it to trickle throughout the organization and take effect.

While most of us are familiar with the classic "hierarchy model", this particular structure is becoming less effective for many corporations as it isolates business functions and consequently, prevents the creation of synergy. As a result, more and more organizations are adopting "flatter" structures that enable their various departments to share resources and enhance overall organizational performance. For example, while departments such as Finance and Marketing were traditionally viewed as polar opposites, many organizations are now creating interrelationships between these two departments to improve the efficiency of their marketing methods (e.g. using financial tools to analyze the return on investment of particular marketing campaigns, assessing the financial viability of certain products). 

Name 10 element symbols on the periodic table that are not derived from english words.

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What are some quotes that prove that Friar Lawrence is the most to blame for Romeo and Juliet's death?

The quotes that Friar Lawrence states when introducing and implementing his plan are, by far, the most damning.

When Friar Lawrence introduces the potential plan in Act 4, Scene 1, it is clear that he is responsible for dreaming up the idea:

If, rather than to marry County Paris,                                                              Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,                                                         Then is it likely thou wilt undertake                                                                    A thing like death to chide away this shame,                                                 That copest with death himself to ’scape from it.                                                And if thou darest, I’ll give thee remedy. (lines 73-78)

In the above, it is clear that Juliet is only coming to seek solace and a solution.  That the friar suggests such a dangerous plan is entirely his doing, as is shown in the quote above.  It is he who suggests a plan that will render Juliet in a stage "like death."

Likewise, when the plan starts to go awry after Friar John cannot tell Romeo about Juliet's true condition, Friar Lawrence likewise admits guilt, stating that Juliet will be upset to hear that the plan has gone poorly:

"She will beshrew me much that Romeo / Hath had no notice of these accidents."  (Act 2, Scene 5, lines 26-27).  

Here, the friar realizes that he is to blame for any mishaps, and acknowledges that Juliet will be angry over the outcome.  Later in the same act, he states that Juliet is shut up in a tomb alone because of his mistakes (line 30).

Thus, in the creation of, and implementation of, the plan, Friar Lawrence admits to mistakes that ultimately bring about Romeo and Juliet's demise.

What is the yes and no game in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens?

The 'Yes or No' game appears in stave 3 of A Christmas Carol, when Scrooge is  visited by the ghost of Christmas present. During his visit, the ghost takes Scrooge to the home of his nephew, Fred, where they are playing the 'Yes or No' game. Dickens then informs the reader of the aim of this game: 

"It was a Game called Yes and No, where Scrooge's nephew had to think of something, and the rest must find out what; he only answering to their questions yes or no, as the case was."

This game is very similar, then, to the modern game called Twenty Questions, in which someone takes the identity of another person and the other players have to guess who that person is, by asking questions which can only be answered with a 'yes' or 'no.' 

The purpose of the 'Yes or No' game in this stave is to demonstrate to Scrooge how his miserly ways have impacted how people feel about him. When playing the 'Yes or No' game, Scrooge is likened to a "savage animal' and mocked by Fred and his guests. 

What positive outcome did the study of the HeLa cells have?

Henrietta Lacks' cells were taken and used without her knowledge or consent. In addition, among the many ethical problems with the way in which her cells were obtained, her privacy was not very well protected. In an interview with Smithsonian Magazine, Rebecca Skloot, author of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, noted:

When the cells were taken, they were given the code name HeLa, for the first two letters in Henrietta and Lacks. Today, anonymizing samples is a very important part of doing research on cells. But that wasn’t something doctors worried about much in the 1950s, so they weren’t terribly careful about her identity. When some members of the press got close to finding Henrietta’s family, the researcher who’d grown the cells made up a pseudonym—Helen Lane—to throw the media off track. Other pseudonyms, like Helen Larsen, eventually showed up, too. Her real name didn’t really leak out into the world until the 1970s.

Having been without her consent, however, the cells were subsequently used in very valuable research that benefited many millions of people. Among other things, the HeLa cells were critical in Jonas Salk's development of the polio vaccine, and also in the development of in-vitro fertilization, in AIDS research, and in many other applications.

The downside, of course, is that the cells were taken without knowledge or consent from a poor and uneducated African-American tobacco farmer, and used to create a multi-billion- dollar medical research industry. When the surviving members of the Lacks family found out about the cells twenty-five years after Henrietta's death, they were understandably upset, particularly considering that this had come about without their knowledge. Their perception was that scientists were profiting hugely off of their deceased wife or mother. This became an important lesson for researchers: every biological sample has a human being behind it.