What cartoons characters can you compare the cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic...

I really like the cartoon comic that is attached to this question. As I don't know which cartoon characters you are familiar with, I will propose a method by which you can tackle this analogy. You first need to think about what each of the organelles do and their role in the cell. Then, think about how those roles are related. For example, the nucleus contains all of the instructions for the cell to do its job. Now think of how this can apply to a cartoon. I'm thinking of Peanuts cartoons and how Lucy is very bossy toward the other characters. She often tells the other characters what to do, so I might consider her as being the nucleus. 

The mitochondria makes the energy for the cell, and in my opinion Peppermint Patty seems to be the energetic member of the Peanuts crew, so I might consider her to be the mitochondria. You can continue on this way by first making a list of the organelles and their roles, and then applying them to the cartoon of your choosing. Some organelles will be more difficult, but I'm sure if you use your creativity you will impress your teacher. I can help with a simplified description of the roles of the organelles: (I will address the organelles you listed in the order you listed them)

Cell Membrane: Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Nucleus: Contains the DNA, which is the instructions for the cell to do whatever it needs to do

Nucleolus: Makes ribosomes (located inside the nucleus)

Nuclear membrane: Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus. In general, keeps the DNA in and lets mRNA leave through pores

Mitochondria: Makes energy for the cell in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose

Golgi apparatus: Packages proteins the cell makes, packages them into vesicles, and marks them for where they need to go (very much like the post office)

Endoplasmic reticulum: A wide variety of jobs. Involved in producing proteins that will be exported from the cell, producing lipids, and detoxifying the cell.

Ribosome: Produce proteins

Vacuole: Membrane-bound storage for the cell. Can store water and/or sugars.

Lysosome: Uses enzymes to break down and digest anything the cell needs to be broken down including old proteins and organelles, molecules the cell takes in, dying cells, etc.

Centrioles: Assist in the formation and organization of spindle fibers during mitosis.

Cytoplasm: The fluid inside the cells that all of the organelles are contained inside.

Chromatin/Chromosomes: The DNA molecules that contains all of the instructions for the cell to create proteins.

Again, since I don't know which cartoon characters you are familiar with, I can't directly answer your question, but hopefully I've given you a method that you can use to get you started. 

What are friar Laurence's fears at the end of Act 2 in Romeo and Juliet?

At the end of Act 2, friar Laurence speaks to Romeo and Juliet, saying the following:

Come, come with me, and we will make short work;
For, by your leaves, you shall not stay alone
Till holy church incorporate two in one.

The friar says this soon after Juliet's arrival at his cell. Romeo was already there. The purpose of their meeting is for the friar to marry them. He is impatient and wishes to hurry through the ceremony and get it over with. He mentions that it was the two lover's request that they will not be without each other and have thus requested him to join them in holy matrimony as soon as possible. 

Although the wedding is held in secret, the friar does not find his task unpleasant even though there is some risk in his doing so. The two lovers are from two families, the Montagues and Capulets, who have been involved in an age-old feud, its origin unknown. Friar Laurence believes that the unbridled passion that the two young lovers share and their consequent marriage, will finally bring an end to a battle which has brought so much misery and turmoil to both families. He stated as much when Romeo asked him to perform the ceremony:

...But come, young waverer, come, go with me,
In one respect I'll thy assistant be;
For this alliance may so happy prove,
To turn your households' rancour to pure love.

The friar believes that the sooner the ceremony is performed, the sooner the two families will resolve their differences and realise the folly of their actions. He is concerned about the greater damage that a continued strife will cause, not only to the families themselves, but to all those who are drawn into it. His actions are therefore directed towards a greater good. This idealistic notion supersedes his concern that the lovers' decision is too impulsive.

It is this idealism of the friar which eventually results in the most unfortunate of outcomes. He had not considered the unpredictability of life, especially in such complicated circumstances, and his good intentions lead to the deaths of not only the two lovers, but also that of the county Paris. He does acknowledge responsibility for his actions, though, and is prepared to suffer even the most extreme of sanctions, as he states in the final scene:

...if aught in this
Miscarried by my fault, let my old life
Be sacrificed, some hour before his time,
Unto the rigour of severest law.

In the end, though, the friar's wish for peace between the two families is realised. Ironically, the warring households eventually come to terms and make peace not as a result of their only children being wed, but because of their death.

What is the relationship between Lucy and her mother in the book Autobiography of a Face?

In Lucy Grealy’s book, Autobiography of a Face, she tells the poignant story of a young girl’s journey to find love and acceptance. Because of a deadly form of cancer, Lucy had to have half of her jaw removed and then had to deal with going back to school with this disfigurement. She overcame many obstacles as she tried to fit in and later, find a boyfriend and have a happy life. Her mother was an integral part of her life, but at times Lucy’s relationship with her was strained.

Her mother, who was petrified at the possible loss of her daughter, handled it by keeping all of those frightened emotions in and acting like she had no fear, especially in front of Lucy. She tries to get Lucy to be the same way—fearless—but this is difficult for the young girl, who often cries and feels like she can never succeed. She feels like she disappoints her mother whenever she gets upset and cannot be as strong as her mother is.

Using Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est," explain what happens in the narrative of the poem.

Owen wrote this poem while being treated for shell shock at Craiglockhart in Scotland. He reminisces about his experiences as infantry in World War I. The men no longer looked young and vigorous, although they were quite young; rather, they are "bent double, like old beggars under sacks," a sad and hopeless image. They are sick, "coughing like hags," and some without boots, walking in their own blood. They're so exhausted that they are "drunk with fatigue" and deaf even to the hoots of the "tired, outstripped five-nines that dropped behind." Then there's a call that gas has been dropped, so they all struggle to get their masks on in time to avoid being poisoned, but one man doesn't make it in time. Through the thick green panes of their own masks, they watch him die a horrible, agonizing death. He drowns in the blood from his own lungs. 

Owen says that he still remembers, in his dreams, watching this man die, and turns his ire upon those who get young men to enlist in the army by telling them it's fitting and sweet to die for their country, a line which Owen labels "the old Lie." 

How would you interpret the meaning of Jonas' dream in The Giver, Chapter 12?

In the dream recounted in Chapter 12 of The Giver, Jonas relives his sledding experience, the first memory the Giver has given him.  In this dream, he has been sliding down the hill, and it feels as though he is meant to be headed somewhere in particular, "as if there were a destination" (88).  He wants and even needs to reach whatever it is that awaits him in the distance, with a "feeling that it was good. That it was welcoming. That it was significant" (88). What the dream does not help him with is how to get to this destination.  

This dream is foreshadowing for Jonas and for the reader the journey he will embark upon at the book's end, as he leaves for Elsewhere.  He has the vague idea that he has an important mission to fulfill and that the sled is going to be his means of setting forth on the mission.  However, the dream also tells him that he does not have the requisite knowledge to start his journey, since he has too few memories yet to be able to negotiate this journey well. The dream also suggests that he is not psychologically ready to leave the community.  His deeper understanding of the community and its dysfunction has not yet come to him yet through the memories and wisdom of the Giver. When he does come to understand the horrors of the society in which he lives, that provides him with the motivation and strength he needs to leave.

Identify the narrative style of "The Yellow Wallpaper." What is the effect of this style of narrative in developing the main character? How does it...

Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper" in a narrative style known as epistolary fiction. This type of fiction unfolds via the writings of one or more characters. In this case, the main character, Jane, journals her thoughts while she is undergoing a "rest cure" for depression. Epistolary fiction creates a subjective point of view. In this story, we only know what Jane tells us, and because of her mental state, she is a highly unreliable narrator. The reader does not realize that at the beginning of the story, but it becomes clearer and clearer as the story develops. Epistolary fiction, because of its subjective perspective, is ideal for the genre of psychological realism. Gilman allows the reader to accompany her main character in her descent into insanity, but the reader must pay close attention and read between the lines because Jane does not understand everything that is happening to her.

For example, when Jane lapses into long-winded rants about the wallpaper, the reader begins to suspect that her perceptions are not normal. Jane obviously has too much time on her hands, which is causing her to perseverate. She moves from perseveration, to paranoia, to hallucinations, to severe psychosis, but she herself doesn't realize the extent of her worsening condition. It is up to the reader to take what Jane is saying and translate it into the world of normality, where it is seen to be completely unhealthy. The condition of the room and home as Jane describes it requires careful interpretation by the reader as well. Jane remarks that there are bars on the window, that the bed is nailed down, that the other furniture in the room has been removed at one point, and that there are teeth marks on the bed frame. These details could be seen to show that the family is concerned that Jane may commit suicide and that she is displaying highly abnormal behaviors. Near the end of the story Jane finally records that she has bitten off a piece of the bedpost; that makes the reader suspect that the other bite marks mentioned previously may have also been her doing.

The epistolary narrative style of this story allows us to sympathize with Jane and understand Jane better, but it also can hide some truths about her. Therefore, the reader must take everything Jane says with a grain of salt and read between the lines to extrapolate the truth about Jane as she becomes more and more mentally unstable.

What is the relationship between the surface area of rhubarb and how fast it decolorises potassium permanganate?

Rhubarb is a plant that contains oxalic acid. A common laboratory experiment for school students is the decoloration of potassium permanganate solution through the addition of rhubarb. When we add stalks of rhubarb, the purple color of potassium permanganate solution disappears because the oxalic acid reduces the manganate ion. In this experiment, students are taught the relationship between the surface area of rhubarb and rate of decoloration of the solution. Higher surface area results in faster disappearance of color.

One way to check this is by using increasing amounts of rhubarb stalks (of equal length) in different containers containing the same amount of potassium permanganate solution and measuring the time taken for decoloration. More rhubarb stalks will cause faster decoloration.

A mathematical relationship between the surface area of rhubarb and rate of decoloration is a function of the oxalic acid content of the particular stalk we are using. Thus, it would be difficult to determine an exact and generalized relationship. However, we can simply observe that increasing the surface area of rhubarb will reduce the time taken to decolorize the solution. In other words, surface area is proportional to the rate of decoloration.

Hope this helps. 

How did life improve in the Beale household after Maniac moved in?

Life in the Beale family household changed in many positive ways after Maniac Magee moved in.  The youngest Beale son and daughter, Hester and Lester, had run around the house like wild animals before Maniac moved in.  They drew on the walls and furniture in crayon.  They even colored on Amanda's beloved books before she started toting them around in a suitcase.  Amanda expressed her frustration over her "little brother and... little sister that [crayoned] all over [her] books."  

Mrs. Beale got a break from cleaning the house for a change after Maniac's arrival.  Not only were Hester and Lester better behaved, but Maniac also did chores around the house without being asked.  The young siblings had usually been resistant to bath time, but when Maniac arrived he got them to bathe by joining them in the tub. Maniac kept his new bedroom clean.  Amanda moved into Hester and Lester's room, which gave her a reason to bond with her younger siblings.  Hester and Lester's behavior became more calm and compliant because of Maniac.

Thoughts on the following statement? "The society in which we presently live has redefined ethics in such a way that it is separate from morality....

This seems like an essay prompt, and it has a lot of opportunity for subjective interpretation. Rather than writing the essay I would write, I will instead try to offer you some guidance as to how you might write yours.

First of all, if you have any additional context for this quotation, that would be worth discussing. Who said it? When? Why?

Then, make sure you are clear on what we mean by the distinction between morality and ethics. Both of these terms can be used in different ways.

I think the distinction they are getting at is between personal morality, the individual moral judgments and behaviors of specific people, and professional ethics, the standards of conduct that are applied across institutionalized professions such as law and medicine.

This author is arguing that we are wrong to make this distinction, and should instead return to a time when personal morality was the guide for professional decisions.

Here are a few questions to consider about that, which could form the basis of your essay:

1. Was there ever actually such a time? Is this distinction actually a recent development? It is extremely common for people to make this sort of lament about "the good old days" that actually corresponds to no real historical epoch. What evidence do we have about how people used to distinguish (or fail to distinguish) ethics and morality in the past?

2. Whether or not we used to equate personal morality with professional ethics, would it be a good thing to do so now? How would the conduct of doctors, lawyers, teachers, executives, bankers, etc. change if we held them to personal moral standards instead of a code of professional ethics? Would their behavior become better or worse? Would they be held more accountable, or less? Why? How do we know this?

3. Has the importance of moral behavior in our society actually been decreasing? This seems a bit difficult to argue, given our precipitous decline in crime, oppression, and assorted forms of violence. The 21st century has the lowest homicide rate of any time in human history---in what sense can this be considered a moral decline? If there is no such decline, why might someone perceive a decline in moral behavior even where none exists?

4. If morality is in fact changing, why might it be changing? Could it be related to globalization and the interaction of different cultures? What about changes in religiosity and the secularization of most Western countries? Could overall economic development change the way we approach ethics and morality? Could technology, particularly information technology, change the way we understand our moral and ethical obligations?

I hope that this is enough to at least get you started on tackling this complex question. I have also linked a couple of relevant sections of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy about morality and ethics that might give you more insights into ethics and morality and their relationship to one another.

What were Mussolini's political achievements?

Benito rose to power under very unlikely circumstances.  He was able to take advantage of the political and economic instability that existed in Italy. Originally a teacher and journalist, Mussolini was able to mobilize enough support for his fascist program to become the complete dictator of Italy in 1925. He mobilized 30,000 of his supporters to march to Rome in 1922 to demand that he be installed as prime minister.  He violently oppressed any political opposition along the way.  By October, the king had installed a new government because Mussolini promised to restore order in Italy.  Mussolini was able to gain political support from key elements in the Italian population.  Because of his ability to solve the problem of unemployment, he was supported by industrialists and laborers alike.  He forged a strong alliance with the church as well.  Mussolini also garnered political support from the military as he supported Italian intervention in World War I and guaranteed future military glory to Italy. The corporate state that Mussolini created restored peace and stability for ten years in Italy.  

What is the geostrategic location of Kenya?

Kenya is located in East Africa, with a large coastline on the Indian Ocean.  It has borders with Somalia, Ethiopia, South Sudan and Uganda.  Economically, it is mainly known for its tourism, as it has mountains and rich wildlife diversity.  Kenya borders unstable states such as Somalia and South Sudan--nations that have recently undergone civil war and are considered major staging areas for extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and Boko Haram.  Nairobi has been the subject of terrorism in the last few years.  The United States is trying to work with the Kenyan government to secure its borders from these unstable elements, but the country is poor and the government is corrupt.  Kenya's main geostrategic value is its location in East Africa and the possibility that it could be a stabilizing force in the region.  

What is the function of vitamins?

Vitamins are organic compounds that are found in minute amounts within the foods that we eat. Some vitamins may be produced synthetically and taken in the form of a pill. However, they cannot be synthesized (produced) by the body. Vitamins are essential to the proper growth, normal functioning, development, and metabolism of cells. Some vitamins serve as antioxidants in the body. Antioxidants protect the body from free radicals that can harm cells, tissues, and/or organs. Vitamins are designated by a capital letter and sometimes a number. The functions of common vitamins are listed below.

Vitamin B12- Important in metabolism, helps form red blood cells, and aids in the maintenance of the central nervous system.

Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid) – Vitamin C maintains healthy gums and teeth, aids in the absorption of iron, and helps to maintain healthy tissue in the body.

Vitamin D – Vitamin D helps to absorb calcium. This is important because calcium is needed for proper bone health.

What does the reader learn about GL through direct characterization in "A Visit to Grandmother"?

According to the source literarydevices.net, direct characterization is defined in this way:

This kind of characterization takes a direct approach towards building the character. It uses another character, narrator or the protagonist himself to tell the readers or audience about the subject.

• 
  Direct characterization occurs first in "A Visit to Grandmother" by William Melvin Kelley as the reader learns about GL at dinner mainly through the story related by the character of the Grandmother. She describes how the young GL swindled a man out of a horse and recklessly took his mother on a dangerous ride in a buggy that she stopped only by jumping onto the back of the horse and reining it in.

When the grandmother finishes her story, there is the resurrection of the old conflicts of mother and son that reveal to Chig why his father has never visited his old home. Chig's father even cries as he informs his mother of her partiality toward GL despite her explanations that she knew GL needed more attention. Then, Chig's father and he go upstairs. (This all involves indirect characterization.)

After Chig and his father go upstairs, the narrator describes GL. The rest of the family sits at the dinner table in silence until a key is heard turning in the door.

• Further direct characterization occurs as the narrator describes GL in this way:

A light-skinned man enters in "a lacquered straw hat."

He was wearing brown and white two-toned shoes with very pointed toes and a white summer suit....
He stood in the doorway, smiling broadly, an engaging open friendly smile, the friendly smile, the innocent smile of a five-year-old.

Interestingly, the story ends with this description of GL, a description which underscores the explanation of the grandmother that GL needed her extra attention.

What causes Juliet to have so much difficulty finally understanding that Tybalt has been killed by Romeo?

Juliet first hears that Tybalt has been killed from her Nurse and then her mother.  She mourns quite loudly for him until she learns that Romeo is the murderer.  Her crying immediately stops and she starts to question the Nurse about how she received her information and why Romeo would be involved at all.  Romeo had JUST left her bed that morning after they had been secretly married by the friar.  She cannot believe someone so in love with her can turn his heart to stone and kill one of her kinsmen so quickly. 

As far as she knew, Romeo was off to seek peace between their families and show off their marriage as its first sign.  She already believes it was an accident by halting her tears and asking so many questions of the Nurse.  When her mother confirms that it was Romeo that killed Tybalt, she is stunned into questioning their love and how it was now doomed by death.  She loves him that much that death is the ONLY way she sees out of this mess.  She doesn't once question Romeo's loyalty, but constantly questions her family's.  The only person in her household that she deems trustworthy is the Nurse who raised her and the childhood friar who married her.  Perhaps she witnessed the exchange between her father and Tybalt at the party the night before.  Perhaps this lead to her questioning Tybalt's hot temper and wont to fight anyone he deemed the enemy. 

Even though she mourns Tybalt, there seems to be a slight sense of understanding that Tybalt brought death upon himself.

What lesson did Fleance say that he learned from his father, Banquo, in the play Macbeth?

What lessons does Fleance learn from his father, Banquo, in Shakespeare’s Macbeth?

Fleance only physically appears twice in the play, yet he plays an important role as future king of Scotland, if the three witches’ prophesy is to be believed.  Whether his father tells him of it, we don’t know, but we can analyze his interaction with his father to glean some possible father/son lessons.

At Inverness shortly before Macbeth murders Duncan, Fleance and Banquo walk about the castle at night by aid of a torch.  Banquo teaches his son how to judge the time of night by the fact that the moon has already gone down, an event he says happens at midnight.  This small exchange reveals that Banquo is in the habit of frequently instructing his young son, who willingly accepts his guidance.  

In this same scene, Banquo reveals to his son that his mind is troubled to the point of sleeplessness, uttering aloud the prayer, “Merciful powers, / Restrain in me the  cursed thoughts that nature / gives way to in repose!”  He also gives the boy his sword for protection in the dark.  This interaction allows readers to see their closeness, and suggests that it is possible he has told Fleance of the witches’ prophecy that his sons will be kings. Certainly the boy overhears his father speak to Macbeth of the three witches’ predictions coming true so far.  Fleance also hears his father’s heartfelt wish to remain honorable and keep his “bosom franchised and allegiance clear.”  Banquo is telling his friend Macbeth that he will only take his advice if it allows his own heart to remain innocent and his loyalty spotless. Fleance is soon to lose his father, and it is human nature to hold in our hearts the lessons of loved ones lost.  Banquo has clearly taught his son to value moral uprightness and loyalty in all circumstances.

The second and last time that we see Fleance in the play is when Macbeth’s three hired assassins attack them.  Banquo essentially gives his life to save his son, holding the killers off so Fleance can escape.  His last words to his son are, “O, treachery!  Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! / Thou mayst revenge.  O slave!”  In 11th century Scotland, upholding the honor of one’s clan, or family, was of primary importance, especially for the first-born male.  Surely in witnessing his father’s murder, Fleance learns not to blindly trust others, not even someone considered a friend. Banquo demonstrates that one’s own honor, loyalty to your superiors, and family come first, even to the point of revenge.

How did the pig's lives compare to those of the other animals as illustrated in the novel, Animal Farm?

The pigs lived lives of luxury and privilege while the other animals had to make do with the bare essentials. They were, most times, hungry and cold, even worse off than they had been during Jones' time. 

Since the pigs were the cleverest animals on the farm, they assumed leadership immediately after the Rebellion. They could read and write and thus set about planning for the future and teaching the other animals. This status, however, led to them soon claiming privileges for themselves and denying the other animals the same, as it was with the milk and the windfall apples, which were set aside for their exclusive use. Although the other animals moaned about this, Squealer quickly explained that the pigs sacrificed in eating such unpleasant food since it was to strengthen their thinking, i.e. 'brain food.' It was important for them to eat such food otherwise 'Jones would come back.' The animals quickly accepted this explanation. 

Thus began a campaign of systematic manipulation and propaganda epitomised by constant lies and deceit. Whenever the pigs, for example, changed a commandment to suit them, Squealer would go about providing some or other explanation, making the animals feel guilty about questioning the pigs' motives. The overriding threat, however, was that 'Jones would come back' if the pigs did not get what they needed, as Squealer put it. Obviously, that was the last things they wanted.   

Since the general animal populace was not intelligent enough and lacked memory, they were easily misled and accepted their fate. When the pigs moved into the farmhouse, an explanation was given, as above. When they started sleeping in beds, the same happened. This became a repeated exercise and the animals were quite acquiescent and accepted what the pigs did. Whilst the pigs were living in luxury, they had to sleep in the barn and had to make do with whatever rations were given to them.

The animals felt that their sacrifices were worthwhile since they were running the farm and were not being ruled by exploitative, uncaring humans. Ironically, the pigs were exploiting them in exactly the same way that their erstwhile master did but they believed that they were better off. 

Once Napoleon had expelled Snowball from the farm, things became much worse. He could go about unchallenged and quickly changed not only the commandments but abolished certain customs which had been adhered to, such as the Sunday Meetings. Whenever there was hardship such as during the cold winter when supplies were low, the rations were cut, but not for the pigs, who continued receiving what they had become used to.  

After Napoleon had purged the farm of those he believed were enemies by using his dogs to execute them, he had introduced another element with which he could control and manipulate the animals - fear. They had been thoroughly frightened by the killings and did not dare challenge Napoleon's authority. He made sure that they were aware of his power by walking around the farm, surrounded by his fierce guard dogs. Napoleon had become a ruthless tyrant.    

Eventually, the animals had nothing of what had been agreed to after the Rebellion. The only animals who had gained anything were the pigs. They had grown fatter and had assumed human behaviours and characteristics. They walked on their hind legs, smoked, drank whisky and beer, lived in the house, wore clothes, slept in beds and were soon arranging get-togethers with other humans where they mocked the plight of the other animals.

Indeed, Animal Farm had truly become a place where 'Some animals were more equal than others.'   

Explain how Oberon gets what he wants from Titania in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Oberon is very tricky when it comes to getting the little boy away from Titania. At first, he tries negotiation. He has been arguing with Titania long enough when we first see them in Act II, but Titania won't give him the boy because Oberon wants to train him to be a henchman and she wants to honor his mother's memory by rearing him herself. When Titania refuses Oberon for the last time and leaves, he says the following:

"Well, go thy way. Thou shalt not from this grove

Till I torment thee for this injury" (II.i.148-149).

This shows that Oberon means business and intends to harm Titania. So, he tells Puck to go get a flower with a magic love potion in it. The goal is to get Titania to fall in love with something hideous in order to distract her so he can steal the boy away. The question is, does it work? The audience finds out in Act IV as follows:

"When I had at my pleasure taunted her,

And she in mild terms begg'd my patience,

I then did ask of her her changeling child;

Which straight she gave me, and her fairy sent

To bear him to my bower in Fairyland.

And now I have the boy," (IV.i.53-59).

Most of Act III shows Titania in love with Bottom, whose head has been turned into that of a donkey's. Oberon sits back and laughs at the scene, then he goes and makes fun of her to her face. Once she is finally humble, vulnerable, are drugged sufficiently, he asks for the boy and she "willingly" gives the boy over to him. It's a pretty clever trick, but not very nice, either.

Why is there a need for a transport system in a multicellular organism?

Multicellular organisms are typically much larger in size and are more complex than unicellular organisms. For example, human beings, plants, cats, etc. are all multicellular life forms and are more complex than a unicellular life form such as bacteria, etc. Unicellular organisms, because of their small size, can transport all the materials through diffusion and osmosis. In case of multicellular organisms, a large number of cells are away from direct contact with the environment and are thus incapable of exchanging materials (such as nutrients, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) by diffusion or osmosis. They, thus, need a more complex transport system to carry nutrients, oxygen, etc. from the environment and/or other parts of the body to the required cells. A lack of such a complex transport system will mean inability to grow large in size, etc.

Hope this helps. 

What is the solar system?

Solar system is composed (primarily) of Sun and a number of planets that revolve around it. These planets include (in order of distance from Sun), Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Until very recently, Pluto was also considered a planet, but has been removed from that designation. Other constituents of solar system include, moons of planets (such as our moon and those of Jupiter), asteroids, comets, gases, etc. Sun's gravity keeps all these components in the solar system. The solar system gets its name due to the presence of Sun (other similar terms are solar flares, solar day, etc.). The solar system is very old, in fact, it is billions of years old. Our own Earth is more than 3 billion years old. 

Hope this helps. 

Why is Piggy certain that no one will ever find them?

Piggy and Ralph are the first boys we are introduced to in Lord of the Flies.  They quickly realize that no grown-ups have survived the plane crash that has left them stranded, and that apparently no people at all inhabit the island where they have landed.  The flight was filled with children; from what we gather in the first chapter, two adults were on the plane, and they are both gone.  One seems to have died:

“Where’s the man with the megaphone?”
The fair boy shook his head.

While Ralph is optimistic about the survival of the pilot, Piggy is more realistic:

“That pilot.”
The fair boy allowed his feet to come down and sat on the steamy earth.
“He must have flown off after he dropped us. He couldn’t land here. Not in a place with wheels.”
“We was attacked!”
“He’ll be back all right.”
The fat boy shook his head.

Piggy realizes from what he sees out the window when the plane is going down that the chances of the pilot's survival are non-existent.  He understands that they are now on their own.  Ralph, continuing to neglect the seriousness of their situation, then assures Piggy that his father, who is a commander in the Navy, will be right along to get them as soon as he realizes they are missing.  Piggy refuses to allow Ralph this delusion:

“How does he know we’re here?”
“They’d tell him at the airport.”
Piggy shook his head, put on his flashing glasses and looked down at Ralph.
“Not them. Didn’t you hear what the pilot said? About the atom bomb? They’re all dead.” 

Piggy is a child whose life has not been filled by fairy tales.  His dad is dead; his mom deserted him; his guardian-aunt placates him with candy; and his schoolmates bully and terrorize him.  He realizes the brevity of their situation long before the other children and is much more realistic about the possible consequences.

In the book, Seedfolks, how does the garden change Sae Young?

The character, Sae Young, has had a pretty difficult life since moving to Cleveland from Korea.  She works in a dry cleaning business her family owns, and is basically happy until her husband dies of a heart attack. Sae Young is also robbed one day and beaten by the man who robs her.  These events cause Sae Young to disappear into her apartment and not come out or talk with many people for two years.  When she sees Kim picking lima beans one day, she begins to venture out of her isolation.  Eventually, Sae Young plants hot peppers she remembers from Korea and slowly joins the group of gardeners.  Sam really brings her out of her shell when he begins to talk to her about collecting rainwater to water the garden. 

The garden changes Sae Young by giving her purpose and lifting her spirits.  Metaphorically, she begins to bloom and grow again much like the garden.  She learns to overcome her grief and start living again because of the friendships she makes with the other gardeners on Gibb St.

Where did the founders of the Harappan Civilization originate?

The Indus River civilization, commonly called the Harappan Civilization was an advanced civilization that grew along the Indus River Valley in present-day Pakistan.  It encompassed a larger area than both Egypt and Mesopotamia and supported a very large population.  Two major cities, Harappa, and Mahenjo-daro anchored a sophisticated culture that was known for its urban planning techniques.  Harappan Civilization is known for its sophisticated water systems and use of standard-sized mud bricks in all of its structures.  The golden age of Harappan Civilization occurred between 2500-1900 BC.  The original inhabitants of Harappan Civilization were people from the west of the Indus River. These people are known as the Mehrgarh culture and many elements of Harappan culture originated in the small farming villages of these people.  The Mehrgarh slowly migrated toward the Indus River system to support larger populations.

You want to make a conical paper hat with a slant height of 14" and a base circumference of 16". The bottom of the cone is open. How many square...

We are given the slant height(l) and circumference of the cone(c).

We need to find the curved surface area of the cone , since the bottom of the cone is open.

Circumference of the cone (c)=`2pir`

where r is the radius of the base of the cone.

So, `2pir=16`

`=>r=16/(2pi)`

`rArrr=8/pi`    ----------(1)

Now the curved surface area of the cone (A) can be calculated as,

`A=pirl`  

Plug the values of r from (1) and l in the above formula to get the area,

`A=pi*8/pi*14`  

`A=8*14`

`A=112`

Hence 112 square inches of paper will be required for making the hat.

In Lois Lowry's The Giver, what are some jobs in the community that are more respected than others?

In chapter two of Lois Lowry's The Giver, there is an extensive discussion about assignments to jobs as Jonas prepares to receive his soon at the Ceremony of Twelves. His father is a Nurturer, and while discussing this assignment, Jonas's mother says, "I think it's probably the most important job in our community" (16).

One might think, however, that jobs at the top of the community's governing hierarchy would be more important. For example, there's the Chief Elder who must be something like a president. Then there's the Receiver who bears all of the pain and suffering on himself for the community. There are also doctors, construction workers, and Jonas's mother who works in the Department of Justice, which seems very important, too. Nurturers do take care of infants like a mother, so this certainly is important; but for some reason, Birthmothers are not respected, as shown when Lily says she'd like to be one:

"'I think new children are so cute, Lily sighed.' I hope I get assigned to be a Birthmother.'

'Lily!' Mother spoke very sharply. 'Don't say that. There's very little honor in that Assignment'" (21).

Mother goes on to explain that mothers are treated very well for three years as they bear children, but then after that they are Laborers for the rest of their lives. Mothers don't get to raise their own children and they don't get assigned family units, either. It sounds like a very lonely life. Mother suggests that Lily volunteer at the Nurturing Center if she likes babies so much. That way, the elders will see her working there and probably assign her that job rather than a birthmother. 

How is Miyax's appearance described?

In the story, Miyax is described as a 'classic Eskimo beauty' with a round face, a flat nose, and slanting, black eyes. Her pale beauty is juxtaposed against that of the forbidding white plains of the tundra. Although she is 'delicately wired' and small-boned, Miyax's body is strong. Her compact build helps her conserve heat in the unforgiving Arctic environment.

When we meet her, she is on her stomach trying to get the attention of the leader of a wild pack of wolves. She is hungry and needs to eat, and the wolves seem to be her only way out. Inspired by the experience of her father, Kapugen, Miyax thinks that she can communicate with the wolves and that they will lead her to a food source before she starves to death.

What is the setting at the beginning of The Cay?

The setting for the opening chapter of Theodore Taylor's The Cay is the island of Curaçao, an island in the Caribbean which was inhabited by the Dutch following their independence from Spain in 1634 (the indigenous residents of Curaçao were Arawak). Curaçao was an important shipping port during the colonial period, and it was also a hotbed of piracy.

As the novel opens, Phillip, the narrator, awakens in his house in Willemstad, the capital of Curaçao. It is February 1942, and German U-boats (a type of submarine) have begun to ravage the Caribbean and scare the inhabitants of Curaçao.

This fear eventually causes Phillip's mother to want to return home to Virginia. They board the S.S. Hato and put out to sea. Unfortunately, a German U-boat successfully torpedoes the Hato. Phillip becomes stranded at sea, setting the stage for his survival on "the cay."

What does Reverend Parris suggest as the possible cause to Abigail being fired?

Reverend Parris believes Abigail’s claim that she was fired because all Elizabeth Proctor wanted was a “slave” to do the housework. Abigail also describes Elizabeth as “cold and sniveling” making Parris think that Elizabeth is cruel and petty. Parris is, however, suspicious of Abigail’s story because she has been unable to find employment since being fired by Elizabeth.  Other households will have nothing to do with Abigail.  We know as readers that Abigail had an affair with John Proctor and that is why she was dismissed from the Proctor home. However, Parris is afraid of the gossip of witchcraft affecting him, and he doesn’t want another scandal to impact his position as the town minister, so he “believes” her and doesn’t question her any further.  We find out later in the story when John confesses that “he knew her” the real reason for Elizabeth kicking Abigail out. 

Who is the main character of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow?"

The main character of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is Ichabod Crane, the new schoolmaster. Ichabod comes to Sleepy Hollow "for the purpose of instructing the children of the vicinity." Although Ichabod is not a particularly likable character, the action revolves around him. He has a goal, namely, to secure the affections of Katrina van Tassel, a coquette and the only daughter of the richest farmer in the area. Ichabod knows that making a match with Katrina would set him up for a comfortable lifestyle, especially upon the death of Katrina's father. However, an antagonist stands in Ichabod's way, another suitor of Katrina's named Brom Bones. The rivalry drives the narrative, with Brom taking advantage of Ichabod's fears and superstitions to literally scare him away from Katrina and Sleepy Hollow. Ichabod doesn't reach his goal in Sleepy Hollow, but the penultimate paragraph of the story relates the gossip of how he succeeded admirably in another venue. Because the story is told primarily from Ichabod's perspective and because he drives the action, Ichabod is the main character of the tale.

What is the solution of "The Pit and the Pendulum"?

The solution to Edgar Allan Poe's The Pit and the Pendulum is ultimately the narrator's rescue. For the majority of the story, the narrator finds himself trapped in a cell, imprisoned by the Spanish Inquisition for a reason that we as the readers do not know. He faces absolute darkness at first, which is when he nearly stumbles into the pit; then the room lights up and he sees that the walls are painted and encounters the rats for the first time; after that, he has to escape the pendulum, which is slowly descending down upon him as he lies strapped to the floor. Once he has escaped all of those things, the walls start to literally close in around him in the shape of a diamond, forcing him closer and closer to the pit. The story ends as the narrator is about to fall into the pit, but the walls stop, and just as he is starting to fall, a hand grabs his arm (the hand of General Lasalle of the French army) and he is freed from his death.

Does Odysseus want to stay with Calypso or go home?

Odysseus comes to the goddess Calypso's island, Ogygia, after Zeus destroys his ship and leaves him and his men shipwrecked (Zeus' action was punishment for Odysseus' men sacrificing the sacred cattle which belonged to the sun god, Helios). Odysseus wants to go home to Ithaca, where he is king, and where his family (wife Penelope and son Telemachus) resides. However, Calypso quickly falls in love with Odysseus and refuses to let him leave. She desires to marry him and make him immortal. She imprisons him for seven years, hoping to weaken his resolve and change his mind. Thankfully for Odysseus, Athena has compassion on him and convinces Zeus to tell Calypso to let Odysseus leave her island and make the journey home to Greece.

`u = 12i - 16j` Use the dot product to find the magnitude of u.

The magnitude of a vector `u` is the square root of its dot product by itself, because

`u*u=||u||*||u||*cos(theta),`

and `theta=0,` `cos(theta)=1.`

I suppose that `i` and `j` are orthonormal. Therefore

 `||u||=sqrt(u*u)=sqrt((12i-16j)*(12i-16j))=`

`=sqrt(12*12+(-16)*(-16))=4sqrt(3*3+4*4)=4sqrt(25)=20.`

This is the answer.

Where does the novel show that Jem is maturing through his actions?

In Part Two of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem begins to mature into a young man. There are several scenes that depict Jem's maturation through the remainder of the novel. In Chapter 14, after Scout gets an attitude with Aunt Alexandra, Jem tries to tell her that she needs to stop antagonizing Alexandra for the sake of Atticus. Jem is displaying his maturation by understanding his father's growing anxiety due to the upcoming trial, and attempts to discuss his sister's attitude. Jem fails after telling Scout she can't understand Atticus' stress because she "can't hold something in her mind but a little while," and refers to himself as a grown up. Shortly after Scout fights Jem, the children discover Dill has been hiding under Scout's bed. When Dill climbs out from under the bed, Jem tells Atticus. Scout says, "he rose and broke the remaining code our childhood." (Lee 188) By calling his father, Jem displays his maturity because he realizes how serious the situation is. He understands that there are many people concerned about Dill's well-being, and Jem must quickly inform an adult.

In Chapter 15, Atticus travels to the Maycomb jailhouse to sit outside of Tom Robinson's cell. Jem is concerned for his father's safety and decides to go look for him to see if he's alright. When the children arrive at the jailhouse, they see a group of men surrounding Atticus. Scout runs out into the middle of the group, and Jem runs after her. Atticus tells Jem to go home and take the children with him, but Jem refuses to leave. Atticus asks him again, but Jem stubbornly refuses to leave. Fortunately, the mob goes home after Walter Cunningham Sr. realizes the weight of the situation. As Atticus and the children walk home, Scout notices that Atticus is massaging Jem's head, which is a sign of affection. Scout is too young to understand that Atticus is proud of Jem for standing up and refusing to leave. Jem displays maturity by recognizing that his father was in danger and making the bold decision to disobey Atticus' directives.

Following the Tom Robinson trial, where Jem and the children witness racial injustice first-hand and lose their childhood innocence, Jem begins to view situations with a new perspective. At the beginning of Chapter 25, Scout is poking a roly-poly bug and is about to squash it, when Jem tells her, "Don't do that, Scout. Set him out on the back steps." (Lee 317) When Scout asks Jem why couldn't she smash it, he says, "Because they don't bother you." (Lee 320) This scene conveys Jem's maturation in the novel. Jem has witnessed an innocent man, Tom Robinson, lose his life at the hands of a prejudiced community. He understands the importance of Atticus' lesson that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Mockingbirds symbolize innocent beings, and Jem knows that the roly-poly should not be harmed because it does nothing to bother anybody. By stopping Scout from squashing the innocent bug, Jem displays his growth and maturation throughout the novel.

What does Rachel do for Lyddie in chapter 16?

In chapter 16, Lyddie comes down with a serious fever. She is delirious for two weeks, drifting in and out of consciousness. At various times she knows that Mrs. Bedlow, some residents at the boarding house, Brigid, and Diana are there, spooning broth into her mouth and staying by her bedside. Rachel, Lyddie's little sister, stays constantly by Lyddie's side during those two weeks. Lyddie fears that Rachel will get sick herself because she is so small and frail, but Rachel is dedicated to helping her sister get well. When Lyddie comes back to full consciousness and tries to get out of bed, Rachel is there and says, "Lyddie, you didn't die!" In a later chapter, we find out how important Rachel was to Lyddie's survival. Mrs. Bedlow admits, "She pulled you through." Lyddie argues that Rachel has shown how hard she can work by nursing Lyddie during her sickness. Mrs. Bedlow agrees with Lyddie and speaks to the agent at the Concord Corporation to get Rachel hired as a doffer.

In Chapter 18 of The Cay by Theodore Taylor, what is the tone at the end of the chapter, and how does Philip feel?

After Timothy dies, Phillip and Stew Cat are left alone on the island. During Chapter Eighteen, Phillip hears some explosions and then an aircraft nearby. He grabs some matches and runs down to the fire pile on the beach. After a few tries, he is able to light the fire and signal to the plane. Unfortunately, the plane circles and then leaves. The tone at the end of Chapter Eighteen is depressed and pessimistic. Phillip feels like he will never be rescued, and he is both sad and angry. He thinks that the pilot probably mistook him for a native because his skin is much darker from all of his time on the island in the sun. This causes Phillip to lose hope.

"Feeling very ill, I climbed the slope again, throwing myself down on the mat in the hut. I didn't cry. There was no use in doing that" (Taylor 131).

Phillip also tells us that he wishes Timothy had taken him with Timothy to the grave. He is so disappointed that he no longer wants to live.

What are examples of irony in An Astrologers Day?

There are several examples of irony in "An Astrologer's Day." The most striking example of situational irony is the fact that Guru Nayak comes to the astrologer for help in finding the man who nearly killed him--and the astrologer himself is the very man he is looking for. Guru Nayak does not recognize him because the author has established that it is late at night and the lighting is very bad. Most of the vendors have shut down for the night and turned off their lights. Furthermore, the astrologer has changed his appearance considerably since his nemesis last saw him.

His forehead was resplendent with sacred ash and vermilion, and his eyes sparkled with a sharp abnormal gleam which was really an outcome of a continual searching look for customers, but which his simple clients took to be a prophetic light and felt comforted. The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position, placed as they were between the painted forehead and the dark whiskers which streamed down his cheeks....

In addition to the situational irony, there is considerable dramatic irony in the dialogue. The astrologer amazes Guru Nayak by seemed to know all about him through supernatural power, and this enables the astrologer to persuade his client to give up his search for the man who knifed him and threw him into a well. He assures Guru Nayak that the man he has been looking for is dead.

He took out a pinch of sacred ash and held it to him. "Rub it on your forehead and go home, never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred."

"Why should I leave home again?" the other said reflectively. "I was only going away now and then to look for him and to choke out his life if I met him." He shook his head regretfully. "He has escaped my hands. I hope at least he died as he deserved."

"Yes," said the astrologer. "He was crushed under a lorry."

There is more situational irony in the fact that the astrologer is able to bring home a relatively large number of coins because he collected so much from the grateful and happy Guru Nayak. The man who had been striving for so long to find and kill the astrologer ends up paying him generously for his advice to give up his searching and go back to his native village. The astrologer's wife is happy because she will be able to buy some extra treats for their little girl. In a sense, the astrologer deserves the coins he has received from Guru Nayak because he has given his nemesis exactly what he wanted. Guru Nayak wanted satisfaction and closure. He wanted to put an end to his exhausting searching and stay at home for the rest of his life. The astrologer knows nothing about the stars, as the author explains at the beginning, but he is still able to give most of his clients the assurance and satisfaction they really want.

What did containment mean during the Cold War?

When the Cold War began, the United States developed a policy called containment. This policy was designed to try to keep communism from spreading to places where communism didn’t exist. The policy was developed during Harry Truman’s presidency.

There were various ways that the policy of containment was used. The European Recovery Program gave economic aid to countries that were resisting the spread of communism. For example, we gave aid to Greece and Turkey to try to keep communism out of those countries. With our economic aid, these countries didn’t become communist.

Another way we tried to stop the spread of communism was to try to stop the military actions of communist countries. For example, when North Korea, which was communist, invaded South Korea, which was noncommunist, in 1950, we went to the United Nations to deal with this invasion. When North Korea refused to leave South Korea, the United Nations created a multinational force, led by the United States, to remove North Korea from South Korea. This force was able to remove North Korea from South Korea.

The goal of containment was to keep communism from spreading.

Why do bog acids react differently with the bones of the body than they do with organs, hair, and skin?

Bog acid, also called humic acid, has a remarkable ability for preserving bodies for thousands of years. Throughout Northern Europe, many people have either been buried in bog or have fallen into a sinkhole and their bodies become preserved in the unique chemistry of the bog. Bogs are essentially layers upon layers of muddy, rotted peat moss, which retains a lot of acidic moisture. In this anaerobic, acid environment, the hair, skin, and organs of a human body are essentially pickled! Depending on the acidic content of the bog, bones may be dissolved while the hair, skin, and organs remain in tact. Bones are comprised of primarily collagen and mineral, and the calcium and phosphorous contained in bone are easily dissolved by acids. So while the soft tissues are preserved by the humic acid, the bones are eaten away! Sometimes bog mummies are uncovered looking very flat or shriveled because there is no longer any skeletal structure filling out the soft tissue.

How can I write a perfect introduction for an argumentative essay about abortion?

A "perfect" introduction is not possible.  I could think your introduction is the most brilliant thing that I have ever reader, but another reader (teacher) might think there are missing pieces.  Additionally, your reader may disagree with your introduction and thesis statement.  That will automatically color their ability to give you high praise that says what you wrote is perfect.  

While the above sounds pessimistic, I can definitely help you get started.  I like the fact that you stated your essay needs to be an argumentative essay.  That means you can insert your voice and opinion into the essay.  You can't use "I," but your voice and opinions are expected to be heard.  

The first thing that you need to do is decide whether or not you are for or against abortion.  Once that is determined, your next step is to make a strong thesis statement.  It needs to be one sentence.  For this kind of essay I recommend your thesis statement is the kind that begins with a dependent clause.  Start with the word "although."  "Although proponents of abortion claim that abortion is harmless, abortion is an emotional death for the mother and a physical murder of a child."  If you are for abortion, then flip some of that around.  

The point of the above thesis type, and advantage, is that it is two parts.  In the first part, you admit to your opponent's argument.  You will even spend time discussing it within the body of the essay.  The second part of the thesis is your opinion that you are trying to prove is more correct than the first part.  

Once you have a solid thesis, that will be the last sentence of your introductory paragraph.  The first sentence, needs to be your "attention getter."  You need to grab your reader's attention in the first sentence.  If you don't, he/she doesn't want to keep reading.  I recommend one of the four following attention getters.  

1. Use a quote.  People think they need to pay more attention to something if it's in quotes.  It seems more interesting. 


2. Use a bold statement.  


3. Use a definition.  This can be a bit boring, but the definition of abortion might help you make your case. 


4. Ask a question.  By asking your reader a question, you instantly engage them.  You force them to consider a response right from the beginning. 

Now that your first and last sentences are set, you need to fill in the middle.  Give your reader a taste of what to expect in the body of your essay.  But don't give away too many specifics.  You need to try and summarize what is coming.  With all of that together, your "perfect" introduction will read like this: attention grabbing statement, some info on the topic, and a thesis statement that contains your opinion and main point.  

Where are irony, ambiguity, and paradox present in "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost ?

There are two crucial stanzas in "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost that are essential to the comprehension of the poem. The juxtaposition between these two moments explains the irony, ambiguity and paradox present within Frost's masterpiece. These stanzas are the second and final stanzas.

SECOND: 

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,

FINAL:

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.

An examination of these two stanzas demonstrates the paradox in the poem. The narrator explains that both of these roads are "worn... really about the same," and yet at the end of the poem the narrator claims that the road he took, which was less traveled by, made all the difference. This "less traveled by" is in direct conflict with "worn... really about the same." While some readers gloss over this juxtaposition, it is a crucial moment. The ironic (and ambiguous) part of the poem is that his choice of road didn't make any difference. The narrator is saying that people often proclaim their choices were special, when in fact they were standard. Frost is noting how nostalgia and narcissism transform how people talk about their past events and choices. 

How does Deborah Lacks initially respond to Skloot's request for information in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks?

In Chapter 6 , Lady's On The Phone, Roland Pattillo tells Rebecca Skloot that Deborah is almost fifty years old and that she still lives in Baltimore. Also, everyone in the Lacks family calls Deborah, Dale. When the chapter begins, Skloot wants to know if Pattillo can put her in touch with the Lacks family.

Pattillo is initially wary about helping Skloot, as Deborah has suffered much emotional pain in regards to the HeLa cell fiasco. He tells Skloot to call him back the next day, which she does. Then, after extensive conversation, Pattillo finally provides Skloot with the relevant information she needs, with the caveat that she deals patiently and compassionately with Deborah.

When Skloot makes the call, she is surprised by Deborah's reaction. Deborah is more than happy for Skloot to write a book about her mother; in fact, she welcomes the telling of her mother's story because she feels that her mother has been unfairly reduced to some sort of biological anomaly by indifferent scientists. Deborah confides to Skloot that she almost suffered two strokes in two weeks due to the debatable stories she has been told in regards to her mother.

Deborah's initial exuberance and positive reaction does not last long. The next phone call between Skloot and Deborah finds that Deborah has changed her mind. The men in her family are not convinced that a book should be written about Henrietta Lacks. Obviously distressed, Deborah tells Skloot that it will be up to her to convince her father and her two brothers. After this exchange, Skloot does not hear Deborah's voice again for another year.

What obstacles did Thomas Jefferson face while he was President?

Thomas Jefferson faced several obstacles while he was President. One obstacle was trying to stop the midnight appointments of former President John Adams. John Adams appointed many federalists as judges just before he left office. Some of these appointments did get completed before the term of President Adams ended. President Jefferson ordered his Secretary of State, James Madison, not to complete the appointments that weren’t completed.

Another obstacle President Jefferson faced was the court system. President Jefferson knew the judiciary would be an issue for him since many of the judges that were appointed by John Adams throughout his presidency were Federalists. Some of President Jefferson’s initiatives were blocked by the courts, which were controlled by Federalist judges.

President Jefferson faced some issues in foreign policy. The countries on the North African coast supported pirates. These pirates attacked our shipping unless we paid them a bribe to leave us alone. When we began to refuse to pay the bribe, we fought those countries supporting the pirates for the right to be able to freely trade. We were successful and no longer paid bribes to them. We also had issues with Great Britain and France. Both countries were interfering with our trade because they were at war with each other. Neither country wanted us to trade with the other country. When we decided to stop all trade with the Embargo Act, this policy failed, as trade was too important for our country. Even cutting off trade only with Great Britain and with France didn’t work because most of our trade involved these countries.

President Jefferson faced many obstacles while he was President.

What does the quote, "You ought to be my son. I would teach you right from wrong. Least I can do right now is to wash your face. Are you hungry?”...

Langston Hughes' short story “Thank You, M'am” is about a large, strong willed woman named Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones who apprehends a young thief named Roger as he attempts to steal her purse.

The quotation you are working with occurs in the first half of the story as Mrs. Jones is dragging the smaller, bewildered boy down the street to her apartment. Hughes uses this quotation and the rest of the story to illustrate the power of human compassion and kindness. These are the first kind words she speaks to him, and they signal a significant change in the tone of the story, foreshadowing what is about to happen between them in her apartment.

Roger was undoubtedly expecting something much different than the treatment he received from Mrs. Jones. Mrs. Jones reveals her concern for Roger when she says,

I believe you're hungry—or been hungry—to try to snatch my pocketbook.

The clueless boy responds with:

I wanted a pair of blue suede shoes.

We would expect Mrs. Jones to respond with indignation at this point, but she does not. Instead she reveals a kind nature by speaking to the boy like a family member, cooking for him, and finally giving him ten dollars on his way out.

In the play "The Crucible" how does Reverend Parris manipulate other characters?

Since reverend Parris is obsessively paranoid about the idea that he is being persecuted and that 'a faction' in Salem wishes to get rid of him, he goes to great lengths to firstly, protect his position and secondly, to get rid of those he deems his enemies, such as John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse and Giles Corey.

To this end, he therefore attempts to manipulate the court (especially the esteemed judge Danforth) and others. He has limited success in these ventures, for his meddling does to some degree influence the proceedings, but he is deemed more of an irritation than much else.

At the beginning, when the reverend discovers his daughter, Betty, his niece Abigail Williams and his servant Tituba, dancing in the woods with other girls from the village, he realises that he might be in deep trouble. It is for this reason that he summons Reverend Hale from Beverley, a respected authority in the occult. Parris' primary intention is to encourage the reverend to discover evidence disproving witchcraft, as is rumoured in the village, for the girls' actions and thus absolve him from any blame.

Soon after his discovery, when he confronts Abigail, he repeatedly tells her about the risks he faces should it be found that she and her cousin had committed some or other foul deed in the forest. It is clear from his tone that he wishes Abigail to understand the danger to his status.

And I pray you feel the weight of truth upon you, for now my ministry's at stake, my ministry and perhaps your cousin's life. Whatever abomination you have done, give me all of it now, for I dare not be taken unaware when I go before them down there.

Abigail, I have sought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some good respect is rising for me in the parish, you compromise my very character. I have given you a home, child, I have put clothes upon your back - now give me upright answer. Your name in the town - it is en-tirely white, is it not?

The reverend is clearly trying to instill guilt in Abigail by saying what he does in the second extract. She owes him her gratitude and he attempts to play on her sense of loyalty and appreciation for what he has done for her.

He also wishes to sway the Putnams not to mention anything about witchcraft, for he tells Mr Putnam:

I'll lead them in a psalm, but let you say nothing of witchcraft yet. I will not discuss it. The cause is yet unknown. I have had enough contention since I came; I want no more.

When Reverend Hale arrives and calls on Tituba, it is Reverend Parris that threatens:

You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, Tituba! 

He knows that if Tituba should confess, he would be absolved of blame. He later also insists that she names those she had seen with the devil. In this way attention will be drawn from him and he would be safe.

When the trials commence, the reverend repeatedly demonises especially John Proctor, in order to sway the court. Proctor has been one of his fiercest critics and Parris feels that once he is out of the way, his position is secure. He is also bitter about Proctor's accusations that he is materialistic and therefore seeks revenge against a man he deems a most bothersome adversary. His continued persistence so frustrates Judge Danforth that he at one point silences him.

In the end it is also Reverend Parris who insists that John Proctor sign his confession. He believes that once this is done, others would follow suit since Proctor is a leader and much respected and admired by the other accused and generally, by all the citizens of Salem.

Ultimately, the reverend's attempts at self-preservation come to naught for soon after the trials, he is voted off the pulpit and leaves the village, never to be seen or heard of again.

Did big business support the creation of the Food and Drug Administration? Why would Progressives support its creation?

Progressives believed there were many problems in our society. They set out to correct many of these problems by bringing attention to them and then getting laws passed and policies created to deal with these issues.

Progressives believed they had a moral obligation to make sure businesses were doing the right things. When they realized how unsafe the conditions were in the meat industry, they knew they had to act. When they discovered that some businesses were selling falsely labeled food and drugs, the progressives knew this had to stop. They believed they had a moral obligation correct these wrongs.

Progressives also knew a lot was at stake if they didn’t take action. People’s lives were at stake. People were getting sick and dying from eating tainted meat. People were paying more money for what they believed was higher quality foods and safe medicines when, in reality, that wasn’t always the case. Progressives believed it was wrong for businesses to knowingly do dishonest things and profit from doing these things. They knew people’s lives were being endangered.

Many businesses supported the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. In many ways, they had no choice. When people read Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, the people demanded that changes be made. The same was true when the people discovered that businesses were selling falsely labeling food and medicine. The public outcry for change was so strong it would have been unwise for businesses to ignore that outcry. Additionally, businesses that were following the rules had no reason to fear regulation. They realized their industry would be in better shape if people had confidence in the food they were buying and in the medicines they were using. Regulation would add credibility to their industry. Only those businesses that were doing dishonest things had reason to fear regulation. Finally, President Roosevelt supported regulating these industries because he felt they were endangering the public’s safety with their actions in order to make more money. President Roosevelt was a strong political force and opposing him wasn’t a wise move politically.

How are W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington different, other than biographical differences?

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois were famous African-American leaders around 1900. Both men had different ideas regarding how African-Americans should get equal rights.

Booker T. Washington believed African-Americans should focus on getting their economic rights before focusing on getting their political rights. Booker T. Washington believed that African-Americans should secure their financial position first. He believed African-Americans should get vocational training to help them get good jobs. After their economic position was secured, then African-Americans should focus on getting their political rights. This idea was known as the Atlanta Compromise.

W.E.B. Du Bois believed African-Americans should insist on getting all of their rights at the same time. W.E.B. Du Bois believed there was no reason to delay getting any rights whether they were economic or political. He believed the struggle for equality was one that included getting all rights at the same time.

Both men wanted equality. They had different views about and approaches to getting full equality for African-Americans.

What is the importance today of John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address?

The importance of the speech depends on one's perspective. On the one hand, it was an extremely bellicose speech, and was heard that way at the time. The speech was given at a time when Cold War tensions were extremely high, and Kennedy was speaking directly to the Soviets when he said that

we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty.

Kennedy always saw the Cold War as his first priority, and the speech reflects this emphasis--he was speaking, he said, at "the hour of maximum danger" to freedom. But he also extended what might be interpreted as somewhat of an olive branch, observing that both the United States and the Soviet Union were "overburdened by the cost" of nuclear weapons and asserting that neither side should be afraid to negotiate. So this speech is a fairly good summation of Kennedy's priorities upon becoming President, and is this important as a document of the Cold War. But we also remember this speech for its soaring rhetoric, especially his injunction to Americans near the end of the speech to "ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country." Thus this speech is a sort of statement of the civic ideal that many Americans still hold. So for these reasons, both historical and rhetorical, this speech retains great significance.

When was the Crucible published?

American playwright Arthur Miller published The Crucible in 1953. The play, which dramatized the Salem witch trials of 1692-1693 (and served as an allegory for Senator Joseph McCarthy's claim that communists had infiltrated the American government) debuted on Broadway on January 22, 1953, and--despite receiving many hostile reviews--won the 1953 Tony Award for best play and became considered a classic American play. Unfortunately for Miller, his play drew the attention of the House Un-American Activities Committee (who investigated supposed communist infiltration of the United States), who questioned him.

Since its debut, there have been several film, television, and opera adaptations of The Crucible. According to the Internet Broadway Database, The Crucible has been on Broadway a total of five different times (1953, 1964, 1972, 1991-1992, 2002) and will be revived again in 2016.

When the body temperature drops, this has the effect of reducing the potential across the axonal membrane slightly. At a body temperature of 30°C,...

(a) If instead of a human neuron we had just a random lipid bilayer and some sodium ions, we would expect that the difference in electrical potential from having more ions outside than inside would lead to a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside, thus causing sodium ions to migrate inward until the potential difference was canceled out. Thus, from pure physics, we would assume that the outside concentration and the inside concentration are the same, at 10^18 ions per cubic centimeter.

(b) Since the experimentally measured concentration of ions is about 16 times larger than what the physical equilibrium would predict, something has to be breaking that equilibrium. Some mechanism has to be resisting the effect of the electrical charge difference and forcing sodium ions to go outside even when electrostatic force is trying to pull them inward.

What is doing this in the neuron? Ion pumps. They're pretty much what they sound like: Very tiny pumps made of proteins that pass through the cell membrane of the neuron and actively catalyze reactions that pull ions from inside the cell to outside the cell or vice-versa. In this case, the sodium ion pumps must be pushing the sodium ions outside in order to maintain the high outside concentration.

(c) In a state of disease, something could go wrong with the ion pumps. Various things could happen to damage the neuron or even kill it outright, which would stop the ion pumps from functioning and thereby allow the ions to return to equilibrium.

(d) There are all sorts of nasty diseases one can get from failed ion channels, ranging from epilepsy to kidney failure. The nervous system is absolutely vital for the functioning of the rest of the body, and ion pumps are absolutely vital for the functioning of the nervous system. I've linked some medical resources that offer more details on what can happen if your sodium channels go bad.