The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during anaphase I of meiosis. This process is sometimes referred to as disjunction. During anaphase I of meiosis, the microtubules that extend from centrioles at the poles of the cell pull the chromosomes apart, as depicted here.
Meiosis is a form of cellular division. During meiosis, a single diploid parent cell is divided into four haploid gametes. Gametes are sex cells, such as sperm or eggs. A diploid parent cell contains the full number of chromosomes that is unique to a species. A haploid gamete contains only half of that genetic material. Meiosis is able to divide the genetic material by half because the genetic material of the parent cell is replicated only one time but then divided two times.
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