How do the people of the town respond to what Moshe says when he returns to Sighet in Night by Elie Wiesel?

In Night by Elie Wiesel, Moshe the Beadle is a very poor, but well loved, man. He is the one Elie goes to when he wants to learn Cabbala (Jewish mysticism). Moshe is also a foreigner, and the foreigners are the first Jews to be deported by the Nazis. Moshe is taken away, and the people of Sighet, his former town, soon forget him.

However, Moshe escapes the Nazis and returns to town with horror stories of what happened to the Jews who were with him. Even Moshe had been shot in the leg after he and the others were forced to dig a trench for their own grave and summarily shot. Most of them died there, but miraculously Moshe survived and came back to warn the townspeople.

Sadly and to their peril, his neighbors will not believe him. They think he has lost his mind. Even Elie is not sure of Moshe anymore. What Moshe describes to them is just too difficult to fathom. How could something like that happen? They decide it couldn't have happened and dismiss Moshe as a crazy person. 

The Complex Apartment Complex. A new seven-story apartment building is opening in our town. I was curious when I read that the apartments on the...

The topmost floor has only 1 apartment so the one below has 2 apartments, the one below has 4 apartments, the one below that has 8 etc.

This is a geometric sequence: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.

One approach to this problem would be to simply add all those numbers:

`1+2+4+8+16+32+64=127`

The other approach (which is especially good for large numbers and long sequences) is to use formula for sum of the first `n` terms of geometric series.

`S=a(1-r^n)/(1-r),`  `r ne 1`

where `a` is the first term and `r` is the common ratio of the series.

In this case `a=1` and `r=2,` hence we have

`S=(1-2^7)/(1-2)=127`

The result is, of course, the same. There are 127 apartments in the building.                       

What advice does Polonius give to Laertes in Hamlet and how does this advice still hold true today?

POLONIUS

Yet here, Laertes? Aboard, aboard, for shame!

The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail

And you are stayed for. There, my blessing with thee.

And these few precepts in thy memory

Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue,

Nor any unproportioned thought his act.

Be thou familiar but by no means vulgar.

Those friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,

Grapple them unto thy soul with hoops of steel,

But do not dull thy palm with entertainment

Of each new-hatched, unfledged comrade. Beware

Of entrance to a quarrel, but being in,

Bear ’t that th' opposèd may beware of thee.

Give every man thy ear but few thy voice.

Take each man’s censure but reserve thy judgment.

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,

But not expressed in fancy—rich, not gaudy,

For the apparel oft proclaims the man,

And they in France of the best rank and station

Are of a most select and generous chief in that.

Neither a borrower nor a lender be,

For loan oft loses both itself and friend,

And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

This above all: to thine own self be true,

And it must follow, as the night the day,

Thou canst not then be false to any man.

Farewell. My blessing season this in thee. (I.iii.55-82)

Let us examine the above speech, full of excellent fatherly advice. He begins with "Give thy thoughts no tongue," which is advice not to always say what you're thinking, and then goes on to urge him not to always act on his thoughts. He then advises his son to keep the friends he has, and now make a bunch of new acquaintances willy-nilly, because loyalty can be hard to come by. He then urges him not to get into a fight -- "Beware of entrance to a quarrel" -- but then tells him to stand up for himself once he is in a fight. He urges him to speak little, but listen often; hear every man's opinion and reserve judgement. Then he gets a little more practical: Don't spend too much money on clothes, but what you do spend money on, make sure it is of excellent quality, because clothes are definitely important in France. Don't lend or borrow money from a friend, because you may often lose the money and the friendship.

But this above all: Be true to yourself. Be who you are. And if you are genuinely who you are, you will not be false to anybody else.

All of this is excellent advice and all of it holds true today, but particularly the last few lines: To thine own self be true. This is advice we constantly give our children and loved ones, because we know that it is the best path to happiness and self actualization. 

In "The Veldt", why did the parents go back to sleep even though they knew the children disobeyed and broke into the nursery?

The fact that the children breaking into the nursery goes unpunished and without interference is almost lost amid the flow of the plot, because it isn't really addressed. However, it establishes some important characterization, particularly for Mr. and Mrs. Hadley. While it isn't explicitly stated, we are meant to understand that the Hadleys are not really parents in the behavioral sense of the word. They have lost, or never had, the ability to say "no" to their children, and they exist in the house simply as larger, co-habiting humans that the children observe ritualistic fealty towards. The children know their parents have no intention or ability to punish them, and so efforts such as locking the door simply embolden the children each time they defy their parent's authority. 

One important aspect of this relationship is the fact that the parents have, apparently, relied too heavily on the idea of an inherent, unspoken agreement between the children and parents, such as any family might have; that children obey the parents. However, the children, through the nursery, are able to circumvent their parent by establishing themselves as the movers and shapers; it is their fantasies that become reality, not the parents. The parents are reluctant to punish the children for a variety of reasons, but ultimately all this does is show that the children, via the nursery, have more physical influence in what will and will not happen. While the nursery is objectively a fantasy, to the children's undeveloped minds this is not the case, which explains their obsession with it, despite it appearing to be a simple entertainment device.

Helium is which form of matter?

Matter, in simplest terms, is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter has four different forms or states: solid (such as iron or rock, etc.), liquid (such as water, milk, etc.) , gas (such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) and plasma. Helium is an element and is a gas. Gases are characterized by loosely held atoms and large inter-atomic spacing. This results in weak intermolecular bonds. In fact, helium is a noble gas. 

Helium has an atomic number of 2 and thus has an electronic configuration of 1s2. It has a fully filled outer electronic orbital and hence is a noble gas. It is inert in nature and is the first of noble gases in the periodic table of elements. At extremely low temperatures, helium exists as a liquid, but under standard conditions, it is a gas.

Hope this helps. 

Before Lavoisier, people used to think _________ could appear and disappear?

Before Lavoisier, people used to think that matter could appear and disappear. Antoine Lavoisier, a french chemist, deduced (through careful experimentation) that in a chemical reaction, the mass of reactants and mass of products remains constant (within reasonable limits). This led him to establish one of the fundamental laws of chemistry: the law of conservation of matter. This states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, although it can change form. This changed our perception of matter and is also considered the beginning of modern chemistry. 

Interestingly, Lavoisier's experiments were designed to calculate the amount of products and reactants when metals are heated in air. This reaction causes the production of metal oxides, a reaction in which an increase in mass of products (as compared to reactants) is observed. Lavoisier showed an equivalent decrease in the mass of air around the metal and thus concluded that matter is conserved. 

Hope this helps. 

In Homer's The Odyssey, what admirable quality does Odysseus show?

Odysseus really shows his cleverness when he thinks to tell Polyphemus, the Cyclops, that his name is "Nobody."  He determines, early on, that it would not behoove him and his men to kill the one-eyed monster because then there would be no one capable of moving the great stone from the mouth of the cave.  Odysseus forms a new plan to get the Cyclops very drunk, wait until he passes out, and then drive an olive stake through his eye.  This plan alone is pretty clever, as it debilitates the monster so that he won't be able to see the men, making it much harder to catch them, but it doesn't destroy his ability to move the stone.  Moreover, telling Polyphemus that his name is "Nobody" means that when the other Cyclopes come to check on him after they hear him screaming, he can tell them that "Nobody is hurting [him]," and they will leave.  It's pretty clever. 

Give a short paragraph on the conflict in A Christmas Carol.

The key to writing a paragraph like this is to determine which conflict you would like to examine. There are several in the story, but the most prominent is the conflict Scrooge faces within himself. He is not a very good person and the story is about him struggling to see that and then change into a better person. It takes a lot of work on the parts of four spirits (Marley included) to get Scrooge to change!

If we use this conflict as an example, you might want to find some quotes that would support this conflict. If you are only writing a paragraph, you probably only need two-three examples, but it might be a good idea to find those in advance so you know who you will tie all of them together. Here is one quote that exemplifies his inner conflict. Here, he is talking to the Ghost of Christmas Future and asking if he were to change his behavior if his own future would change:

“Before I draw nearer to that stone to which you point,” said Scrooge, “answer me one question. Are these the shadows of the things that Will be, or are they shadows of things that May be, only?”

Still the Ghost pointed downward to the grave by which it stood.

“Men’s courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if persevered in, they must lead,” said Scrooge. “But if the courses be departed from, the ends will change. Say it is thus with what you show me" (Stave Four)!

While this quote is fairly long for a paragraph, you could easily choose one portion of it to talk about. Consider grouping it with one or two other examples of this conflict and then writing a paragraph that focuses on that conflict in the story.

I have to come up with a thought-provoking thesis statement for my To Kill a Mockingbird essay, and I've written one which I quite like, but need a...

This thesis statement is rather good, but it could use revision so that each of the three opinions are of parallel structure.

Try this, then:

Despite his seclusion, Boo Radley plays a key role in the lives of the Finch children because of the mystery surrounding his existence, his courageous act of protecting the children, and his inspiration to Scout in her attainment of a moral conscience. (Mystery, act, and inspiration—the three points—are all nouns, which creates parallel structure.)

Also, "Maycomb's society" is changed to the lives of the Finch children because there are probably people in Maycomb who do not know about Boo Radley (Scout alludes to "neighborhood legend" rather than town rumors). And, since the novel is a narrative of the maturation of Jem and Scout, especially, the focus of the thesis would be better made if you were to limit it to the lives of the children rather than including the entire town.

A reference point, a direction and displacement together give a complete description of what?? A) force B) speed C) motion

A reference point, a direction and displacement gives an idea of motion (among the available options). Force is a product of mass and acceleration of an object, as described by Newton's Second Law of Motion (F = m x a). Here, we are not given either the mass or acceleration of the object and hence force cannot be determined from the given information. Speed of an object is the ratio of distance traveled and time taken. Here, we have the displacement (not distance traveled) and are not given the time, hence speed cannot be calculated from the given information. Given the time, we could have calculated the velocity of the object, as the ratio of displacement and time. We can only get a description of motion from the given data.

Hope this helps. 

What personal connection can you make to the poem "A Poison Tree" and its subject?

This is a good question because Blake wrote this poem as a cautionary moral tale and meant for the reader to apply it to his or her own life. He didn't write it for people to say, "oh, that's interesting, but too bad for that person who ate the poisoned apple."

The poet means for us to see ourselves in the persona who nurtured his anger at his enemy by watering it with his "tears" and sunning it with his deceitful "smiles." If we stuff down our anger, pretend we're happy, and don't resolve our conflicts, our anger will grow and grow until it becomes like a poisonous plant that will hurt other people. The poet shows us a different and healthier path in the first stanza, where the persona confronts the friend who makes him angry and works out the problem. The poem suggests that we have a choice about how we behave and that resolving our issues with others is far better than letting them fester. 

What are some important quotes from chapters 13-16 in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Aunt Alexandra shows up to live with her brother and his children in chapter 13. One of her biggest agendas is to teach Jem and Scout about their family history and how important the Finch name is to Maycomb County. In addition to this knowledge, she wants them to also learn to behave like a gentleman and a lady. She sends Atticus in to talk to the kids when her efforts don't seem to be helping them as she would like. Atticus says the following:

"Gentle breeding. . . She asked me to tell you you must try to behave like the little lady and gentleman that you are. She wants to talk to you about the family and what it's meant to Maycomb County through the years, so you'll have some idea of who you are, so you might be moved to behave accordingly" (133).

This passage is important because it is a big part of the children's life once Aunt Alexandra enters their life. There are many other discussions about "gentle breeding" and everything that goes with it throughout the book.

In chapter 14, there is a big shift in Jem and Scout's relationship. After a fight with Jem, Scout discovers that Dill has run away from his home in Meridian and is hiding under her bed. Scout sneaks into the kitchen to get him some food, but Jem tells Dill that he has to tell Atticus. Scout's description of what happened next is priceless:

"Dill's eyes flickered at Jem, and Jem looked at the floor. Then he rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood. He went out of the room and down the hall. 'Atticus,' his voice was distant, 'can you come here a minute, sir?'" (141).

Jem's growing up and acting like an adult. He tells Dill that he shouldn't worry his mother by running away. This is shocking for Scout and Dill to hear from a child because only adults talk that way. Jem is clearly changing, and as Scout so aptly puts it, "he broke" the childhood code of never snitching, which proves he will never be the same.

Next, in chapter 15, a lynch mob shows up to the jail for Tom Robinson on the night before his trial. The children show up to check on Atticus and Scout decides to talk to Mr. Cunningham about his son that she knows and his legal problems. Scout does not know what she's saying or doing, but she rambles on long enough to get Mr. Cunningham to change the mob's mind.

"Atticus said nothing. I looked around and up at Mr. Cunningham, whose face was equally impassive. Then he did a peculiar thing. He squatted down and took me by both shoulders. 'I'll tell him you said hey, little lady,' he said. Then he straightened up and waved a big paw. 'Let's clear out,' he called. 'Let's get going, boys'" (154).

This is a great moment because a child tames an angry mob of men. Scout not only tames the men, but they stand down and leave so that Tom lives and is able to show up for his trial the next day. The reactions on everyone's faces shows just how ironic the situation is--so much so, that there's nothing else to do but go home.

Finally, in chapter 16, Jem expresses his concern for Atticus and that Mr. Cunningham would have hurt him that night by the jail. Jem is also surprised that Atticus would call Mr. Cunningham a friend after that. Atticus responds as follows:

"Mr. Cunningham's basically a good man. . . he just has his blind spots along with the rest of us. . . but son, you'll understand folks a little better when you're older. A mob's always made up of people, no matter what. Mr. Cunningham was part of a mob last night, but he was still a man. Every mob in every little Southern town is always made up of people you know--doesn't say much for them, does it?" (157).

This passage has to do with Atticus's credo. He tries to see things from other people's perspectives before judging them. He usually doesn't criticize them even then. There are so many learning and growing experiences in these passages that anyone can apply each on to his or her life and recognize its true impact in life and the world around us.

In Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, what is Jane Bennet's opinion of Darcy?

In Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Jane Bennet is characterized as a very thoughtful, kind, caring person who is unwilling to dislike anyone. Her personality and the fact that she dearly admires Mr. Darcy's intimate friend, Mr. Bingley, make it very difficult for Jane to believe Mr. Wickham's news that Mr. Darcy is a horrible person.

We learn a great deal about Jane's general character in Jane and Elizabeth's private conversation in Chapter 4, after the Meryton assembly. In Chapter 4, we learn that Jane hates to be "hasty in censuring any one," and, in Elizabeth's eyes, Jane is far too likely to ignore the faults of others. Since Jane is generally willing to like all people, Jane is very quick to defend Darcy when others judge him negatively. For example, in Chapter 5, while the Lucases are having tea with the Bennets after the Meryton assembly, when Darcy is spoken ill of for refusing to talk to anyone at the assembly, Jane is very quick to state an explanation. According to Jane, Miss Bingley informed Jane that Darcy is very reserved and "never speaks much unless among his intimate acquaintance"; however, also according to Miss Bingley, when Darcy is around people he is comfortable with, he is "remarkably agreeable" (Ch. 5).

Since Jane hates thinking ill of others, she can't bring herself to think ill of Darcy even when Elizabeth informs Jane of Wickham's story of Darcy's mistreatment of him. She instead draws the conclusion that both Wickham and Darcy must have misunderstood each other. Later, at the Netherfield ball, Jane is very willing to side with Mr. Bingley's impression of Mr. Wickham. Though Mr. Bingley doesn't really know Wickham or what transpired between Darcy and Wickham, Bingley believes Wickham to be of poor reputation and to have deserved any ill treatment he received from Darcy. Bingley is also very unwilling to think poorly of his good friend Darcy. For all of these reasons, Jane is convinced that Elizabeth must be mistaken in her judgements of both Wickham and Darcy, which, considering Jane's naiveté, ironically later proves to be correct.

Hello guy's I need help... Can you help me? A stone is thrown upward with an initial speed of 16 m/s. a.) What will be it's maximum height ?...

Hello!

Yes we can:)

If we ignore air resistance then a stone will move with the fixed acceleration `g=9.8 m/s^2` (the gravity acceleration). It is directed downwards while the initial speed is directed upwards.

So the speed will be `V(t)=16-g*t` (uniform acceleration) and the height will be

`H(t)=16t-g *(t^2)/(2).`

It is simple to answer all questions using this formula.

a) the maximum for a parabola is reached at `t=-b/(2a)=-(16)/(-2*g/2)=16/g,` the height will be `16*(16)/(g)-(16^2)/(2g)=16^2/(2g) approx 13 (m).`

b) when `H` will be zero for positive `t,` i.e. when `16t-g *(t^2)/(2)=0,` so `t=32/(g) approx 3.3 (s).`

c) `H(0.8)=16*0.8-9.8*(0.8)^2/2 approx 12.8-3.1 approx 9.7 (m).`

d) `H(2.4)=16*2.4-9.8*(2.4)^2/2 approx 38.4-28.2 approx 10.2 (m).`

How do you appreciate the working of the iris in the human eye?

The iris in the human eye is another marvel of the human body in what it is and does.  The iris is the colored part of a person's eye.  It has a dark colored hole in the center called the pupil.  The primary function of the iris is to control the size of the pupil, which regulates how much light enters the eye.  It should also be noted we don't see objects around us, we see the visible light waves that are reflected off those objects.  On bright sunny days, the iris constricts the pupil to a small black dot, allowing less of the bright intense light into the eye.  If you have ever had an eye examination by an opthalmologist, where your eyes were dilated, you have experienced firsthand the importance of what the iris does.  When you went back outside, the intensity of the sunlight was blinding in nature.  Painful, because the pupils were dilated and allowing full sunlight into the eye.  The iris also has a distinct color to it, with the brown color indicating the most pigment.  People with lighter, bluish colored eyes have less of this pigment.

What did teens do during World War I?

During World War I, most teenagers went to school.  Young men who were seventeen or older went off to fight in Europe.  Some teenage boys pretended to be older than they actually were in order to enlist.  One such person was Walt Disney, who changed his birth year from 1901 to 1900 in order to become an ambulance driver.  It was considered one's patriotic duty to fight for the Americans.  

Some teenage girls volunteered with organizations, such as the American Red Cross.  Others were able to work in jobs that had previously been unavailable to them.  With so many able-bodied men fighting the war, many women took jobs in factories.

Hobbies that teenagers at home enjoyed were going to the movie theater, ice skating, dancing, and roller skating.  Sports were enjoyed by teenagers, as well.

Why is Romeo alone at the beginning of Act 2 of Romeo and Juliet?

Having just left the Capulet party, Romeo is nonetheless alone because he has decided to leave his friends and to seek out Juliet again.  In a dangerous move, Romeo opts to climb the walls of Juliet's courtyard.  This move will put him outside of her room just as Juliet is talking to herself out on her balcony.  This will set up the famous balcony scene that occurs in Act 2, Scene 2.

Romeo's friends, who are unaware of Juliet, are likewise unaware of why Romeo has left.  Indeed, Mercutio initially states that Romeo has gone home to bed, until Benvolio corrects him by stating that Romeo jumped over the wall.  Mercutio (wrongly) deduces that Romeo must have returned to try to unite with Rosaline and proceeds to "conjure" Romeo by shouting to Romeo about Rosaline's legs, thighs and areas near to her thighs (this is Mercutio's sexual innuendo at its best).

What is the setting of Romeo and Juliet?

William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is set during the Renaissance period in Verona, Italy. The original "Romeo and Juliet" stories date to several decades prior to Shakespeare's writing and reference the couple as having lived during the twelfth century. In Italy, the Renaissance began perhaps as early as the late 13th century, lasted through Shakespeare's time, and came to a close in the 17th century. Shakespeare was writing his version of Romeo and Juliet in the 1590s, and it is safe to assume that the play is set contemporaneously or somewhat earlier than its writing. There have been attempts to narrow down the year the play is set during based on the mention of an earthquake, said to have happened eleven years prior. Some believe this earthquake was the Dover Straits Earthquake of 1580, marking the year as 1591— about when Shakespeare was writing the play.

Though the year is up for debate, we do know the play takes place during the month of July. Nurse describes Juliet's birthday, on the eve of Lammas-tide, being a little over two weeks away. From the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, the harvest festival called Lammas has been fixed on the first day of August. That means the three-day course of the play is taking place around the middle of July.

As for the physical setting, we know from the Prologue that Romeo and Juliet takes place in Verona, Italy. Much of the play takes place in the Capulet house, but scenes also occur outdoors in public spaces such as the market, Friar Lawrence's cell, and the Capulet family crypt.

What animals were traded on the Columbian Exchange?

The voyages of Columbus initiated a cultural and commodity exchange that was unique in the history of the world. Two different worlds, that were previously unaware of one another, collided and much was exchanged between the two. Europe came to be known as the Old World and America was dubbed the New World. The introduction of Old World animals to the New World had a dramatic impact. On Columbus' second voyage, he brought many new animals with him. These animals included horse, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Of those animals, the horse had the greatest impact on transportation, labor, and warfare. Pigs were important as a food source and sheep were utilized for wool. Other beasts of burden like mules and oxen would make their way to the New World, but did not have the same impact as the horse. Explorers also brought the black rat with them by accident, which had the negative effects that you could imagine, including the transmission of disease.

The exchange of animals from the New World to Europe did not have the dramatic impact you would expect. Turkeys were the animal that had the greatest usage as a food source.  Llama, alpacas, and guinea pigs were also brought back to Europe.

`f(t) = e^sin(t) cos(t), [0, pi/2]` Find the average value of the function on the given interval.

The average value is the integral of a function over an interval divided by the length of this interval. The length of interval is `pi/2` here, to find the integral start from the indefinite integral.

Make the substitution `u=sin(t),` then `du=cos(t)dt` and the integral is

`int e^u du=e^u+C=e^(sin(t))+C.`

So the definite integral is

`e^(sin(t))|_(t=0)^(pi/2)=e^1-e^0=e-1.`

And the average is `(2(e-1))/pi.`

How did Obama rise to become an outstanding leader in Dreams from My Father? Provide textual evidence of this.

The book is divided into three main sections: Origins, Chicago, and Kenya. Focus on the chapters in the Chicago section to answer this question. Obama has taken a job in the city to help organize members of the black community in order to improve their lives, especially in the housing projects. In the process, he learns that real change has to come from the residents themselves, and not from an outsider with a college degree. He meets with people in churches, schools, and specific neighborhoods in order to hear their biggest concerns and to find solutions. Not every initiative works, especially not at first. Not every meeting attracts a large group of participants. But he and his colleagues keep looking for ways to generate outreach, and they keep listening to people. A few pages into Chapter Twelve, we hear that change is coming around, little by little. And Obama is seen as one of the key movers in this arena:

As the organization’s stock had grown, so had my own. I began receiving invitations to sit on panels and conduct workshops; local politicians knew my name, even if they still couldn’t pronounce it. As far as our leadership was concerned, I could do little wrong. … The appreciation of those you worked with, concrete improvements in the neighborhood, things you could hang a price tag on. It should have been enough. And yet what Will had said was true. I wasn’t satisfied.

Soon afterward comes the Altgeld tenants’ interaction with the CHA, the Chicago Housing Authority. Obama helps a group of residents confront the CHA officials and demand that their apartments be tested for asbestos. This is a public health issue that cannot be ignored and that can generate both good and bad publicity, too. Soon the CHA announces that it is seeking several million dollars’ worth of funding for emergency cleanup in the complexes. Little victories like this one begin to add up. Remember: Obama wrote this book before 1995. He wouldn’t become an Illinois state Senator until 1997. These days mark just the beginning of his career.

Explain isomerism: State any 4 characteristics of isomerism.

Here are four characteristics of isomerism, starting with the general definition of what isomerism is:

1. The word isomerism is used in organic chemistry to refer to when multiple compounds with the same molecular formula have different physical forms due to the spatial arrangement of their atoms. This means that two compounds can be made up of the same number of atoms of the same elements, but that the atoms in each compound can be arranged in distinct ways that give rise to some notable differences. There are several types of isomerism that can take place in organic chemistry.


2. Structural isomerism is the easiest type of isomerism to understand. It arises due to the difference in connectivity of the component atoms in each compound. An example of two structural isomers are the alcohols 1-propanol and isopropyl alcohol. Both alcohols have the formula C3H8O, but in 1-propanol the hydroxyl group is attached to an end carbon and in isopropyl alcohol the hydroxyl group is attached to the central carbon (see the third link in the references for an image of these isomers).


3. Another type of isomerism is stereoisomerism, which is usually divided into two main subcategories. The first subcategory is called geometric (or cis/trans) isomerism. In organic chemistry, this type of isomerism almost always arises due to restriction of rotation in a molecule from a double bond (often a carbon-carbon double bond). Once a double bond is placed in certain molecules, the variation in orientation of atoms on either side of the double bond gives rise to isomers rather than different rotational configurations of the same compound (due to restriction of rotation). An example of geometric stereoisomerism is 1,2-dichloroethene. The two chlorine groups can be on the same side of the plane formed by the double bond, resulting in cis-1,2-dichloroethene, or they can be on opposite sides resulting in trans-1,2-dichlorethene. Although it is easy to mix them up in simplified skeletal depictions, these two compounds are not identical (click "Geometric Isomerism" in the first reference below for more examples and visuals).


4. Optical isomerism is the second type of stereoisomerism. It is perhaps the hardest to understand and recognize. This type of isomerism is also sometimes called "Chirality," which is derived from the Greek word for hand. This is because hands are a good example of how optical isomerism works. If you hold up both of your hands in front of your face to look at them, you will quickly notice that the left and right hands are mirror images of one another. In terms of spatial orientation, however, your left and right hands are not identical. The proof of this is that you cannot rotate your right hand in space such that it could lie on top of your left hand with all of the fingers and thumbs lined up. This is how chirality works on a molecular level; two molecules are isomers (and not identical) because they are mirror reflections of each other across a plane. An example of optical isomerism is 2-butanol, which has two different forms that are mirror images of one another. Chirality is very important in biochemistry and medicine because sometimes one optical isomer is therapeutic and the other is deadly. On top of that, optical isomers have very similar physical properties and are hard to separate. For more examples and depictions of optical isomers, click "Optical Isomerism" in the first reference link below.

Why do some people think President Barrack Obama shouldn't pick the next US Supreme Court Justice?

The question asks why some people think President Barrack Obama shouldn't pick the next US Supreme Court Justice. The short, overview answer is that they believe that anyone nominated by the current president is likely to be of a more liberal political persuasion, and as such would tilt the balance of opinion on the court in favor of a liberal interpretation of the US constitution. To the extent that this is viewed as unfavorable by people, they would like to see the choice of justice put off until the next administration is installed after the elections occurring in November of this year. In essence, this constitutes a political gamble, namely that the next president will be more conservative politically than President Obama. It also rests on the assumption that it is possible to predict the political direction of a Justice’s opinions.

 On this last point, it is important to note that Supreme Court Justices interpret the constitution and, as such, they are expected to avoid becoming a de-facto unelected legislative branch. The debate about specific candidates then often revolves around the extent to which they feel bound by what they believe was the original intent of the framers of the various elements of the Constitution (including its Amendments), versus the view that it is a “living, evolving document”. Another debate often revolves about what the candidate believes regarding the limitations on the role of government; modern conservatives generally favor greater limitations on Federal power, liberals favoring more expansive Federal roles.

Finally, in managing public opinion, protagonists on both sides of the issue have attempted to posit various precedents regarding the handling of nominations by previous presidents nearing the end of their terms. Legally, none of these past treatments are binding in any way on current administrations or legislatures.

In The Giver, what is the difference between an annex and a dwelling?

In Lois Lowry's The Giver, the community doesn't call their homes "houses," they call them "dwellings." People don't live with their blood relatives because people are scientifically placed together for maximum effectiveness of rearing children. For example, parents are not in love with each other. They are placed together as if they were business partners given the duty to raise children who will obey the rules of the community. Hence, the word "dwelling" seems to create a more business-like sound to it than the emotionally charged word "home." Furthermore, the dwellings are all the same around the community in order to represent Sameness, the philosophy upon which the society exists.

An annex is an additional section of building added to an already existing one. The Giver lives in an annex, or addition, to the House of the Old. In chapter 10, Fiona and Jonas are reporting to their assignments and Fiona goes in the front door of the House of the Old. Jonas heads around back to the annex, or the newer addition to the building which happens to be living quarters for the Receiver of Memory. The evidence is as follows:

"Jonas nodded, waved to her, and headed around the building toward the Annex, a small wing attached to the back. He certainly didn't want to be late for his first day of training. . ." (72).

What is the plot summary of The Wide Window by Lemony Snicket?

The Wide Window is the third installment of The Series of Unfortunate Events. Like all the books in the series, it focuses on the three Baudelaire orphans (Violet, Klaus, and Sunny) and their attempts to stay out of the evil Count Olaf's clutches. This particular story is of the Baudelaires' time with their Aunt Josephine, who lives in a house on the edge of a cliff above Lake Lachrymose. Josephine has a passion for grammar, but fears pretty much everything else in existence. When the Baudelaires accompany their aunt into town in order to prepare for the oncoming hurricane, they meet a sailor named Captain Sham; the Baudelaires immediately recognize him as Count Olaf, but his disguise fools Aunt Josephine as he flirts with her.

That night, the Baudelaires hear a loud crash and arrive in Josephine's library to see that the wide window in there has been smashed, seemingly by Josephine as she threw herself out the window based on the suicide note she left behind. However, the Baudelaires are suspicious because not only had Josephine taken a call in private from Captain Sham immediately before her death, but her suicide note was full of typos, which they knew she would never do.

But the note says that Captain Sham is their new guardian, so Mr. Poe (the children's incredibly oblivious lawyer) says they have to respect Josephine's last wishes. They meet Captain Sham in town and he offers to take the Baudelaires and Mr. Poe to lunch. In an effort to escape, the Baudelaires eat peppermints, which they are highly allergic to, and when their hives and rashes start to grow, Mr. Poe excuses them to return to Josephine's house.

Once they are there, Klaus realizes that the typos in the suicide note are a clue that leads them to a cave off the lake. After narrowly escaping the collapse of Josephine's house into the lake thanks to a bolt of lightning from the hurricane, the Baudelaires head down to the dock, but the ferry is closed because of the storm, so they decide to take one of Captain Sham's boats. After another narrow escape from one of Count Olaf's henchmen, the Baudelaires sail out to the cave, where they find Aunt Josephine, alive and well.

They convince her to return to town with them, but as they are sailing away from the cave, the leeches that live in the lake attack them. Violet makes a signal, which attracts the attention of the only other sailor on the lake, which just so happens to be Captain Sham. He allows them to come onto his boat, but then pushes Josephine into the water, where she is eaten by the leeches.

When they reach the dock again, Mr. Poe is there, preparing to hand them over to Captain Sham. Before Mr. Poe can do that, however, Sunny bites the wooden leg of Captain Sham, which cracks it in half to reveal that there is a real leg beneath it and it has Olaf's unique tattoo of an eye on his ankle. Unfortunately, Count Olaf escapes before the authorities can be alerted and the Baudelaires are left alone with Mr. Poe, who will take them to their next unfortunate guardian.

`bbu = ` Find a unit vector in the direction of the given vector. Verify that the result has a magnitude of 1.

Hence, you need to find the unit vector having the same direction as the vector `v = <0,-2>` , hence, you need to use the formula, such that:

`u = v/|v|`

You need to evaluate the magnitude |v|, such that:

`|v| = sqrt(a^2+b^2)`

`|v| = sqrt(0^2 + (-2)^2) => |v| = sqrt(0+4) => |v| = sqrt 4 => |v| = 2`

`u = (<0,-2>)/2=> u = <0/2, -2/2>`

`u = <0, -1>`

You need to check that the magnitude of the unit vector is 1, such that:

`|u| = sqrt(0^2 + (-1)^2)`

`|u| = sqrt(0+1)`

`|u| = sqrt (1)`

`|u| = 1`

Hence, evaluated the unit vector yields `u = <0, -1>.`

What was the League of Nations and why did it fail?

The League of Nations was a multinational organization that was created after WWI in an attempt to maintain peace in the world.  It was very much like the current United Nations.  The League of Nations failed because the countries in the League were not willing to go to take the actions needed to make the League credible.  It was also harmed by the fact that the United States was not part of the League.

The League of Nations was created to prevent war.  It was supposed to provide countries with a way to talk to one another and to resolve conflicts without resorting to violence. It was also supposed to engage in collective security to help prevent wars.

The League failed in part because the US did not join it.  A large group of US Senators was opposed to the League because they did not want the US to be dragged into wars because of the collective security provisions.  Without the US in the League, it had much less credibility because it did not include one of the major world powers.

The League also failed because the countries that did participate were not willing to take the sorts of actions needed to prevent wars.  For example, they did very little in response to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia.  They also did little in response to the Japanese invasion of China.  Because of things like this, the League lost credibility and was no longer really important.  This spelled the end of the League.

What is the summary of the seventeenth chapter of Three Men in a Boat?

Chapter XVII of Three Men in a Boat has two major subjects. The opening paragraphs are about washing clothes. The men try to wash their clothes in the river water, but the garments end up being covered with dirt and filth from the Thames itself. They pay a washerwoman to fix the damage and to do a better job, instead.

For the rest of the chapter, the narrator talks about the sport of fishing. He doesn’t believe that most fishermen catch many fish at all. He offers two examples of the kind of exaggeration that fishermen are known for. His first story is about a man who embellishes the number of fish that he catches. Eventually the man decides to add the number ten to whatever the real number of catches is. The narrator goes so far as to exaggerate himself by saying that the Committee of the Thames Anglers’ Association is considering adopting this standard.

The final tale is about a large mounted trout that the narrator and George see in a glass display case in a village inn. When they ask about the fish, four different men tell them four different stories about how each one of them caught the fish. This is impossible. At least three of them are exaggerating. George is curious enough to try to get a closer look at the fish. He falls, and so does the glass case and the trout. The fish breaks into hundreds of pieces. A real stuffed trout would not have broken open. This one turns out to be fake, after all. They—and we—realize that all of the fishermen had lied.

What were the advantages and disadvantages for British people living in India?

British people lived in India first under the British East India Company (from about 1750-1850) and then in the British Raj (from 1858 to 1947). During the Raj, Britain's crown ruled India. The advantage that many British people gained in India was access to better jobs as members of the civil service or army than they could attain at home. This was particularly true of the younger sons of aristocratic or wealthy families, as the older sons often inherited the title to land. British people in India often had servants, who they could not have afforded at home, and they had higher status than they would have had at home. Finally, living in India provided them with a type of adventure that living in England would not have.

The disadvantages were that they were subject to cholera, smallpox, and other diseases. Civil servants serving in India under the British East India Company died at twice the rate of those at home in England. British people might also have felt socially isolated at times in a country that was not really their home and in which there were very different religious and social practices than at home. In addition, there were rebellions against British rule, including the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also called the Sepoy Rebellion). After World War I, there was increased pressure on England, in a movement led by Gandhi and others, to give India independence. Over time, sentiment developed towards ending British hegemony in India. 

What is Maggie's last name in "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker?

Maggie's last name in "Everyday Use" appears to be Johnson just like her mother's.  There is no suggestion in the story that Maggie's last name is different from her mother's last name.  Maggie may, however, change her last name following tradition when she gets married to John Thomas.  And Maggie seems like the type of girl who firmly believes in tradition--she has learned to quilt because her mother and grandmother also quilted.  So Maggie's name later (outside the scope of the story) would likely change from Johnson to Thomas.  Maggie does not rebel against traditional family values, like carrying the family's name; her sister Dee is the one who has changed her name to Wangero to reflect what she believes is a more authentic African past and cultural heritage.

Which of the following acts on an object without making contact with it? A)mass B)action-at-a-distance C)weight d)friction

The answer to your question is (b), action-at-a-distance.

Action-at-a-distance is a term used in physics. The idea behind action at a distance is that an object’s position can be changed or moved without actually being touched by another object. For example, this may be done via the force of gravity.

Option (a), mass, is not the answer because mass is a physical property of a substance. Mass is the amount of matter within an object. Mass is not a force that acts upon another object.

Likewise, option (c), weight, is also a physical property. Weight is the measurement of the force exerted on an object by gravity. Although a result of a force, weight is a measurement. It is not an action.

Finally, option (d), friction, is not an option because friction requires contact between two objects. Friction is the resistance an object experiences when it rubs over another object.

Whose perspective is the book Criss Cross by Lynne Rae Perkins written from?

Criss Cross is written from multiple perspectives that shift throughout the novel—and yes, one part is written from the perspective of a necklace! However, the entire book isn't written from the necklace's perspective.

If you look at the first chapter of the book, called "The Catch," you can determine the perspective by looking closely at whose point of view the narration seems closest to. The first line, "She wished something would happen," suggests that it's a girl. In the second paragraph, the name of that "she" is revealed—Debbie. The reader sees what Debbie sees and hears Debbie's private thoughts, so it's clear that this chapter is told from Debbie's perspective.

But then take a look at the first line of the second chapter, titled "Hector Goes into a Sponge State and Has a Satori":

Meanwhile, in another part of town, Hector's sister, Rowanne, was upstairs in her bedroom, changing her clothes or something. Hector could hear her humming, and the sound of drawers opening and closing.

How do we decide whose perspective we're in now? It might seem at first that we're in Rowanne's perspective, because hers is the first name mentioned. But actually, the story is following Hector most closely because he's the one who's listening to Rowanne. We're hearing with Hector's ears.

If you aren't sure whose perspective each section is in, ask yourself whose thoughts you're hearing, whose eyes are you seeing through, whose ears are you hearing with as you read the narration. That will give you a clue about whose perspective the book has shifted to.

How does Nick Carraway alter his identity throughout The Great Gatsby?

Nick Carraway is the narrator, and Gatsby's story is told through Nick's eyes. At the same time, readers can follow Nick's character changes from the beginning of the story, when he is a young man coming east to seek freedom, to the end of the story, when, mature and jaded, Nick decides to return to the Midwest and settle down. We can say that Nick is a dynamic character, because he changes through the events of the story, and we can follow his character arc, or the track of those changes.

In Chapter One, Nick discusses his decision leave his home in the Midwest and go east to learn the bond business. Nick was happy in his small-town home until he went away to fight in the First World War. When he came back, he felt restless.

"Instead of being the warm centre of the world, the Middle West now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe — so I decided to go East and learn the bond business."

We can infer that Nick was a naïve young man; he couldn't have seen much during the war, since his war experience made him restless rather than giving him PTSD.

Through the next few chapters, Nick remains curious about the parties going on next door and their host. There are a lot of rumors about Gatsby, and Nick doesn't seem to have an opinion about them. When Gatsby offers Nick an opportunity to make a bit of extra money working for him, Nick respectfully declines:

"I realize now that under different circumstances that conversation might have been one of the crises of my life. But, because the offer was obviously and tactlessly for a service to be rendered, I had no choice except to cut him off there."

Nick is an honest guy in Chapter Five, and although he doesn't seem to mind his neighbor being involved in perhaps illegal business, he doesn’t want to get involved himself. This quote shows that, looking back, he knows this was a bigger deal than he understood it to be at the time. This shows that in Chapter Five, Nick is still naïve.

At the end of the novel, Nick realizes that the East is just a big circus, and that the only person with any integrity is his lovelorn criminal friend, Gatsby. In Chapter Eight, he says to Gatsby, "They’re a rotten crowd...You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together." This shows that Nick sees everyone in the east as rotten, and sees Gatsby as good.

At the end of the novel, Nick's final words are, "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past," showing that after everything that happened, Nick has become cynical. He started out the novel chasing a dream, the dream to escape the dreary life of a Midwest town and seek new experiences, and at the end of the novel he feels that dreams are nothing but reflections of feelings brought on by past experiences that we can never relive, no matter how hard we strive. Perhaps Nick's brief war experience gave him a sense of adventure that he wanted to relive with his foray to the east, but his experience with Gatsby showed him that New York City is a criminal playground and that he belonged back home with his family who loved him.

Compare the society in Brave New World with modern American society.

There are many similarities, not necessarily because there is anything especially wrong with America in particular, but simply because Huxley did a good job of capturing some of the problems with human nature. In American society, people often seek the easiest path, the path that feels the best, the path that brings the most pleasure. We see this as more people distract themselves from serious issues and ideas and prefer to spend their time with information products, drugs, technology, and entertainment. Society is often very frivolous, with most Americans spending hours each day watching TV. This may remind you of the thoughtless public in Brave New World, which consumes drugs regularly, obsesses over pleasure, and scoffs at intellectual stimulation. Rather than seeking to solve problems through drive and pain, Americans often just gossip about sports or reality TV stars. This is not so different than the entertainment distraction we see in the novel.

This goes beyond just America though. People have the tendency to avoid pain and seek pleasure; this is healthy and normal. And yet one paradox of the human condition is that once we accomplish these goals we find ourselves feeling empty. Perhaps this is because conflict and struggle define us. Americans have not yet done away with hardship by any means, but the nation's immense wealth often leaves Americans feeling like the dog that caught the car. After achieving wealth and status, what comes next? Without the struggles of a hard life people will often turn away from more important matters and focus on indulging themselves. We see a more extreme version of this in Brave New World.

It's important to note that things have not gotten nearly so bad. Many people still value things like art, religion, political causes, ethical values, and self improvement in America. This novel was not so much a critique of American or British culture so much as it was a cautionary tale for human beings. Pleasure and the easy life are important, but we must not seek them at the expense of everything else that we hold dear.

Who are the Gods to which the narrator in "By the Waters of Babylon" refers? Why would he consider them Gods?

The "gods" that John refers to are the inhabitants of the "Place of the Gods."  As the story progresses, the reader learns that the Place of the Gods is actually the former New York City.  Specifically Manhattan.  That would make the gods the former New Yorkers.  I'm quite certain that some current New Yorkers would agree with being referred to as gods.  

John believes that the people must have been gods, because he cannot fathom how else they would have built the enormous buildings that are in the Place of the Gods.  He assumes that the strangely hard roads must have been built by gods, and for sure only gods could have built bridges large enough to span the Hudson.  

In the end though, John has a dream or vision that shows him that the "gods" were normal people like himself with great knowledge and technology.  

What are some traits of the major and minor characters in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Okay, character traits:

Theseus - Noble, formal of speech, passionate under his noble exterior, an intellectual, and basically kind

Hippolyta - Also noble, however a virtual captive of Theseus from a war between them that he won. She and Theseus are the human versions of Oberon and Titania. Their human-ness makes them more restrained than the Fairy pair in their actions and speech. Also they are post-war, where as the Fairy King and Queen are AT war in the beginning of the play.

Egeus - A stubborn, man, insistent upon tradition, which allows for no freedom for daughters and the absolute rule of fathers.

Hermia - Rebellious daughter and mad with passion for Lysander

Lysander - Rebellious youth and mad with passion for Hermia

Demetrius - Willful youth and fickle, having once professed to love Helena, but now is mad with love for Hermia

Helena - Mad with love for Demetrius

The four lovers above are virtually interchangeable, expressing Shakespeare's intention to show the kind of mindless passion that is one aspect of Love.

Oberon - The Male Archetype, regal, powerful, passionate, and willful.

Titania - The Female Archetype, also regal, powerful, passionate, and willful.

Puck - The spirit of mischief and play

The Workmen, or Mechanicals, as they are called - These are the representatives of the common people, or that aspect of humanity that is in us all. They are uncomplicated and literal,

Bottom - A Mechanical, yet different from the others. He has true poetic enthusiasm, and a poetic heart. He is the ONLY human who is able to comprehend both the Fairy world and the human one. He is an example of The Holy Innocent.

Why do you think Bud begins to cry and cannot stop?

In Chapter 15, Bud is invited to eat dinner with Herman Calloway and his band at the Sweet Pea. Bud is treated to his first sit-down meal at a restaurant and thoroughly enjoys his food. During the meal, Bud listens and laughs at Steddie Eddie and Jimmy's jokes. For the first time in his life, Bud notices how funny Jimmy is and how nice Steady Eddie acts. All of a sudden, Bud realizes that this is where he is supposed to belong. He feels an overwhelming sense of joy knowing that the Dusky Devastators of the Depression are the people that are meant to surround him. Bud can't help himself and begins to cry uncontrollably. The reason Bud cannot control his tears is because he is overjoyed to finally be around people who will treat him with compassion and care. Being an orphan who is on the "lam" isn't easy and Bud feels like he's part of a family after spending some time with them. His difficult journey has brought him to a place where he finally feels comfortable and loved. Bud's tears are an expression of the relief, joy, and happiness that he can no longer contain. 

In The Giver, are people in the community allowed to read or have access to books?

The only books most members of the community have are rule books or instruction books.

Jonas has schoolbooks and every dwelling has rule books.  However, no one has access to regular books except The Giver.

The community’s main book is called the Book of Rules.  It seems to contain all of the rules required of citizens in the community.  There are many rules, as there is a rule for just about everything.  Violating the rules results in punishment, and breaking three rules results in release (death).

When Jonas first begins his training as Receiver of Memory, he notices right away that there are books in The Receiver’s house—there are a lot of books.

But the most conspicuous difference was the books. In his own dwelling, there were the necessary reference volumes that each household contained: a dictionary, and the thick community volume which contained descriptions of every office, factory, building, and committee. And the Book of Rules, of course. (Ch. 10)

The community has no memory beyond one generation, so books would be a problem in enforcing Sameness.  They do not want people to know what happened before.  If there were books, past events and knowledge would be recorded.  The community wants to control access to information.

When Jonas first sees the books, he can’t imagine what all of these books could contain.

Jonas stared at them. He couldn't imagine what the thousands of pages contained. Could there be rules beyond the rules that governed the community? Could there be more descriptions of offices and factories and committees? (Ch. 10)

Jonas learns later that the books contain the community’s history.  They are also multicolored, which would not mean anything to anyone other than the people who can See Beyond.  The Giver explains that books are forbidden to citizens.  This is one of the reasons that the Receiver of Memory lives alone, apart from the rest of the community.  The books, Jonas learns, contain “the knowledge of centuries.”

When Jonas asks about release, The Giver explains again that he has access to everything the community has hidden.

"Jonas, when you and I have finished our time together, you will be the new Receiver. You can read the books; you'll have the memories. You have access to everything. It's part of your training. If you want to watch a release, you have simply to ask." (Ch. 19)

The books are symbolic of the distinction between Jonas and the other members of the community.  As long as Jonas is the Receiver, he is separate and apart.  He has access to memories and information that the rest of the community members do not have.  He learns the truth about the community.

Has the author offered moral dilemmas in their full complexity ?

I think that Jane Eyre is an extremely complex book, especially in the moral themes Jane faces. There are many moral delimmas in Jane Eyre, but the main one is Jane coming to terms with her own pride. At Gateshead, Jane is constantly told that she is inferior to her cousins, and she is always acting out against the petty tyrannies of Mrs. Reed and her son. When she is sent to the Red Room, she endures an experience that will mark her for life -- the unjustness of her punishment is something she can never forget, but as she grows up she realizes that her hysteria and anger at Mrs. Reed only made things worse. Although she says at the time she will "remember how you thrust me [into the Red Room] until my dying day" (Chapter 4), she does come to forgive Mrs. Reed when she goes to visit her on her death bed ("I had once vowed that I would never call her aunt again: I thought it no sin to forget and break that vow now," Chapter 21). At the end of the book, the moral nature of Jane's pridefulness is more fully treated. St. John's attempt to coerce her into becoming his missionary wife poses some fundamental questions. Jane knows that she has the intellect to be successful as a missionary. She also has learned that forgiveness is better than vengeance, and that service to others is better than withdrawing into one's self. Yet even though St. John's offer seems to embody all the things Jane knows are right, she cannot accept it because she does not love him (St. John, she says, "has no more of a husband’s heart for me than that frowning giant of a rock" Chapter 34). So the moral question, of choosing service, or choosing love, is what the book comes down to, and Jane's choice -- love, and Rochester -- suggests that Jane has fully and finally come to know her own heart. 

Explain one reason why Frederick Douglass's early life as described in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass caused him to want to expand...

In his early life as depicted in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass describes the breakdown of his family, which is one of the motivating factors that he has for wanting to expand rights and freedoms for others once he escapes slavery.  In the first chapter, readers learn that Douglass never knew his father and that he did not meet his mother for a long time because he was separated from her.  Then he sees his Aunt Hester severely beaten, and he describes the copious amounts of blood drawn during the whipping.  Finally, his old grandmother is supposedly set "free," but she has little ability to care for herself and is abandoned to live in a hut in the woods.  After having his family ripped apart in this way, Douglass is motivated to fight for rights and freedoms for slaves so that they do not need to experience the pain of having their own families torn apart.

I have to write multiple restaurant reviews that use specific grammatical structures in Spanish. How can I describe each restaurant and some of its...

In writing your review, you want to be sure that you understand the difference between the preterite and imperfect tenses in Spanish. The imperfect is used for continuous action in the past, or action that went on for some time, and the imperfect can be used with words that express frequency such as "a veces" (sometimes), "cada dia" (every day, with an accent on the "i"), or "a menudo" (often). The preterite is used for action that is completed in the past.

Some verbs you may want to use are ir, to go, as in "yo fui al restaurante" (I went to the restaurant), and pedir (to order), as in "yo pedi (with an accent on the "i") una hamburguesa," or "I ordered a hamburger." The types of verbs you might use in Spanish with the imperfect are, for example, "Yo comia (with an accent on the "i") desayuno a las ocho todos los dias," (with an accent on the "i" of "dias"), which means "I used to eat breakfast at eight every day." You can use the imperfect of "ser" to describe the restaurant, as in "el restaurante era muy bonito," the restaurant was very nice. However, to describe food, you generally say, "la comida estuvo deliciosa" (or "the food was delicious," with the preterite form of estar). Finally, to use a command in the Ud. form, you could say, "vaya al restaurante," which means "go to the restaurant" or "pida una hamburguesa," which means "order a hamburger." 

Why is Mozart's nickname Wolferl?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born and raised in Salzburg, Austria.  At his birth, he was baptized with the name Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart.  The name Wolfgangus was shortened to Wolfgang, and this was the name he went by primarily.  The name "Wolfgangus" or "Wolfgang" came from a relative, who he was named for.  The name "Wolfgang" means "running wolf."  

The name Wolfgang was shortened to "Wolferl" when he was a child.  This nickname was used by his family.  A somewhat similar nickname was given to his sister, Maria Anna.  Her family nickname was "Nannerl."  She also went by this nickname in the home.  It was when Mozart watched his sister play the piano that he began to become fascinated with the instrument.  The two were very close.

How do the events of the 1930's effect the people of Maycomb County in To Kill a Mockingbird?

The Great Depression has hit the town of Maycomb hard. It has also hit the people of the town hard. Maycomb is mostly made up of farmers, therefore the whole town is affected by the tragedy of the stock market crash. Most people in Maycomb work off the land, and when these people had no money, it was difficult for them to pay for other services. In chapter one, Scout describes how the town has been affected.

There was no hurry, for there nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County.

Scout even asks Atticus if they were poor and Atticus tells her that they were and they were just as poor as the Cunninghams. 

Atticus said professional people were poor because the farmers were poor. As Maycomb County was farm county, nickles and dimes were hard to come by for doctors and dentists and lawyers.

Most of the people in Maycomb had to take jobs as day laborers, this meant that they had to find jobs to do by the day and hope there was enough work for them. This is what Tom Robinson did. His willingness to work and take care of his family, led him to make a tragic error in judgement and eventually it cost him his life. The Ewell family, however, were poor and would always be poor. The economy had no affect on them. No matter the change that was brought on by the Great Depression, Bob Ewell and his family were exactly the same and would be. They were hard at heart and had no compassion for anyone else.

What is the conflict in the novel Frankenstein?

In the novel Frankenstein many conflicts arise. However, throughout the entire novel, the conflict between Victor (the creator) and his creation remains. For example, a conflict arises between Victor and the creature in determining who is the actual monster.

By first glancing at novel, many might assume that the creature is the monster, due to his inhuman creation and the description of his appearance.  As the novel unfolds, the creature is described as hideous and horrifying. Many fear him and runaway from the monster. Furthermore, the monster also eventually becomes a murder.

On the other hand, upon further analysis, Victor also appears monstrous. Victor created the monster and then, abandoned him without food, instruction, or a family to teach him about the world or morals. Despite that Victor himself has a privileged background, he leaves his creation in these unfortunate circumstances. Also, Victor neglected the advice of his teachers to pursue his own forbidden learning to gain prestige and power.  After he created the monster, Victor himself states:

I was seized by remorse and the sense of guilt, which hurried me away to a hell of intense tortures, such as no language can describe.

As a result, the readers are left with this great conflict to decide who really is the monster. Is it the creature who was left abandoned without morals, nourishment, or anyone to provide for him, or is it his creator who made him for his own selfish desires and abandoned him?

I need help analyzing a passage in Lord of the Flies: "His ordinary voice sounded like a whisper after the harsh note of the conch. He laid the...

You really haven't done too badly. Some of your interpretations are spot on. Here are a few other ideas you could use. I have copied the text again.

His ordinary voice sounded like a whisper after the harsh note of the conch. He laid the conch against his lips, took a deep breath and blew once more. The note boomed again: and then at his firmer pressure, the note, fluking up an octave, became a strident blare more penetrating than before. Piggy was shouting something, his face pleased, his glasses flashing. The birds cried, small animals scuttered. Ralph's breath failed; the note dropped the octave, became a low wubber, was a rush of air.

Throughout this passage, Orwell provides us with a summary of what is to happen on the island. Some of the words and phrases are quite portentous and suggest that the boys' arrival spell trouble ahead.

The word 'ordinary' suggests Ralph's normalcy. He is not someone with any special gifts or talents, just an ordinary schoolboy caught in an extraordinary situation. Furthermore, the contrast between Ralph's voice and the sound of the conch indicates that the conch has greater command than Ralph, an indication that the conch wields greater power than he.

The conch's sound is 'harsh' just as one would expect the voice of someone in command should be. This is so in the rest of the novel as well. Ralph eventually loses control over the boys, whilst the conch retains most of its power. It is only when it is shattered, that it loses its authority. The use of 'whisper' also emphasizes this fact - Ralph's voice is later hardly heard since most of the boys do not listen to him.

One could suggest, furthermore, that the fact that Ralph 'blew once more' is symbolic of his repeated attempts in future, to speak to the boys and restore order. The fact that Ralph 'tried harder' also predicts that he will have to work repeatedly harder to get the boys to cooperate, to such an extent that he is deemed to be nagging, and his voice, just as the conch, becomes 'a strident blare' which is a jarring, irritating noise. Piggy is 'shouting something' proposes that his voice too, will be deemed worthless and undefinable. The boys will not find meaning in what he says.

The reference to Piggy's 'glasses flashing' is symbolic of Piggy's intellectual ability. He is brimful with ideas and rationality. It is he who wants logic and rules to govern the boys' actions. The reference also suggests the important role his glasses will play later. The fact that 'the birds cried, small animals scuttered' informs us of how the boys' arrival has disturbed the tranquility of the island. This further emphasizes the destruction of the natural order. The animals are not safe when humans invade their environment. As it is, the island is later almost completely destroyed by the boys when their fire runs rampant.

The last sentence is significant in that it accentuates Ralph's complete loss of power and control. He later is helpless and practically hopeless for he becomes the enemy, hunted by Jack and his savages, as if he were an animal.

I hope this helps. 

How is war photography used to tell a message?

War photography is an interesting art form because it is a combination of journalism and art. In one way, war photography allows civilians and elected officials to understand the realities of a war that might be taking place beyond their borders. In this way, war photography is like journalism. Yet, war photography is also an art form that is used to convey a specific message. War photography is like any piece of art and has an artist who is creating an intentional piece of work that elucidates a feeling or response in an audience member.

Traditionally, war photographers have established rigid rules so that their photographs can convey authentic and credible images. War photographers often present stark, bare images. It is a source of conflict over whether or not war photographers should manipulate their images, as the main way war photography conveys its meaning is by presenting the truth through an unfiltered lens. 

Contemporary war photography has its roots in the British government. The British government has long funded and supported war photographers and painters, even sending them out during the recent Iraq War. The first instance of the British government recruiting war photographers was at the start of the Crimean War in 1854. Consequently, the artists who photographed the Crimean War are considered the first pioneers in war photography. 

How long does the play Romeo and Juliet last?

Actual run-times of a performance of William Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet, may vary widely. In the Prologue, it is mentioned that the play will take about two hours, but directors can and do make stylistic changes which can make a play shorter or longer. Factors such as stage directions, scene or dialogue omissions, or interpretations (such as a modern setting) can play a big part in how long it takes from curtains' rise to curtains' fall.

The content of the play itself takes place over the course of just about three-and-a-half days! When we read the play, we easily lose our sense of time, and it may even seem impossible that so much could happen in the span of not even four days. In a stage performance, the course of events may make the passage of time a little bit clearer, but I can say from experience that I have lost my sense of time while watching a performance.

On this timeline, Robert Delaney does a great job of breaking down the passage of time as indicated by the text of Romeo and Juliet.

What impact does Scout's point of view give the story?

Because the events in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee are from a child's perspective, certain aspects that might be obvious to an adult's mind are not understood by Scout. She struggles with understanding racism and seeing that Boo Radley is not a myth-like monster. She also develops the ability to see a point of view other than her own, something that typically a child can't do. In that regard, it allows the story to be shown in a new light, something unique to the novel that many books do not have the opportunity to explore.

From the beginning, Atticus is trying to instill in his children that you don't know a person until you walk around in their shoes. At first this goes relatively unnoticed by Scout. As the story progresses, she sees the horror of the unjust trial and the mistreatment of Boo, who becomes her savior. Once she sees that he is a protector versus a monster, she is able to grasp the concept of multiple perspectives. 

This, along with the innocence of childhood, allows the story to have a more honest portrayal in tone and spirit.

what made the U.S. fight Germany in the 2nd world war?

Consider the saying, "The enemy of my enemy is my friend." 

Initially, the United States planned on remaining neutral and staying out of the conflict occurring in East Asia and Europe. However, in 1939 and 1940 the United States made several agreements with Great Britain to provide support by providing Navy destroyers. By January 1941, tensions were significantly increased and Roosevelt had accused Hitler of planning world conquest. The American and British governments began discussing possible courses of action if the United States were to join the war. 

Later that year the Japanese began attacks around the Pacific and Roosevelt warned that any threat to the Phillippines or countries which neighboured the United States would not be tolerated. On the seventh of December, 1941, Japan attacked numerous American and British holdings around the Pacific, prompting the United States to declare war on Japan. As Japan and Germany were part of the same Axis Powers, Germany then declared war on the United States in solidarity with Japan.

More generally, the United States feared an attempt at world conquest by fascist regimes in Germany and Japan. The United States was formally neutral on the conflict until it impacted American territory.

What are some symbols and metaphors in "A&P" by John Updike?

One of the strongest symbols in “A & P” is the work apron Sammy wears.  Because the short story is considered a rite of passage or coming of age story, Sammy taking off the apron is a symbol for him growing up and maturing. The apron, which his mother washed the night before, is a symbol of his attachment to authority. By removing the apron, Sammy is figuratively “untying the apron strings” and growing up. He no longer cares about what people think (although he realizes his parents will be disappointed by his actions), and he decides to take a stand against those who control him like the store manager. 

Other figures of speech in the story involve the way the people in the store are described.  They are compared to sheep, house slaves, and pigs being loaded into a chute.  The girls also symbolically go against the normal “traffic flow” of the supermarket and break the rules of conformity by coming in the grocery story in their swimming suits.

All in all, the young characters in this story set in the 1960’s represent the rebellion against authority that expects them to conform to the rules and values of the older generation. 

What is a short summary of chapter 13?

Brave New World is a dystopian novel written by Aldous Huxley. In Chapter 13, the relationship between Lenina and John the Savage reaches a climactic moment that reveals the culture clash between their moral and value systems. 

Lenina feels herself falling in love with John, an emotional attachment that is shunned and seen as disgraceful by her society, which Fanny expresses to Lenina. Lenina, however, does not care, and decides to go to see John and share her feelings; in her culture, the means of expressing love are physical. 

When Lenina arrives at John's apartment, he does not want to have sex with her; he, too, is falling in love with Lenina. However, in his culture, the means of expressing love are verbal, mental, and emotional. Their difference in perspectives leads to a violent culture clash.

Lenina strips nearly naked to have sex with John, believing he is in love with her and will want the same. John is appalled, feeling betrayed, for from his perspective, this is an act that reveals Lenina does not love him. He threatens her with bodily violence and she locks herself in the bathroom.  

What are the roles of teachers in a democracy?

In order to have a successful democracy, universal education is a necessity. So, teachers play a profound role in a democracy.  They must educate students to be knowledgeable, questioning, and engaged participants in a democracy or democracy fails. 

Without knowledgeable voters, a democracy cannot work.  If we are choosing leaders without any knowledge to back us up, we are choosing poorly. In today's world, government leaders are called upon to make many different kinds of decisions, about technology, about science, about education, just as a few examples. We want the very best leaders to make these decisions, and if we have no knowledge, we cannot possibly assess whether or not we are making good choices in leadership.  Teachers are there to provide us with as much knowledge as possible.

A democracy requires a citizenry that is questioning. This is an aspect of critical thinking that we want all teachers to impart to students, since we should never unquestioningly follow any leader or we are a nation of sheep.  A democracy cannot survive if no one questions it. The great progressions of United States democracy, integration and the equality of women, as just two examples, have happened because people questioned the status quo. Without teachers helping students to see the power of questioning and encouraging way of thinking, there would be no progress at all, and we would not have a true democracy.

Teachers should promote engagement in a democracy, by teaching students how democracy works and how important their role is in it.  Students who have no understanding of how the democracy functions are unlikely to become engaged citizens who vote. It is through this understanding that we become engaged in the process. 

Universal education is the very foundation upon which a democracy rests. Without teachers to guide in knowledge, questioning, and engagement, a democracy can cease to exist. 

What does combustion of organic compounds do for us?

Organic compounds are those that contain carbon. Some of the most common organic compounds that we use after combustion include fuels, such as coal, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, natural gas, etc. The combustion of these organic compounds is both advantageous and disadvantageous to us. On the positive side, combustion of these products is used to generate electricity and heat. The electrical energy is either used directly or is used for other applications (such as heating, transportation, etc.). The heat is used for heating, generating electricity or for running vehicles. Thus, our appliances and transportation system are dependent on combustion of organic compounds.

On the downside, combustion of organic compounds generates gases. The most common of them is carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas and is a major threat to our climate. Some of the other combustion products may include carbon monoxide, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx).

Hope this helps.