How does the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come help Scrooge?

All of the ghosts help Scrooge in their own way.  The Ghost of Christmas Past reminds Scrooge of the happiness he used to know, while the Ghost of Christmas Present shows him alternatives to the joyless way he is celebrating his own Christmas.

The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, however, shows Scrooge the most convincing argument of all -- what his life will come to mean in the end.  By showing his servants selling his belongings at a pawn shop, those who are in debt to him rejoicing over his death (and the forgiveness of their debts), and men talking only of his riches, Scrooge is meant to realize the adage that you "can't take it with you."  In the end, his riches will not matter, unless he has used them to build relationships and to make others' lives better.  This is a message he quickly internalizes, and that he uses as the foundation of the changes he will make moving forward.

What is the process for separating salt from water?

There are several different ways to separate salt from water.

Evaporation

Allow a container of salt water to stand for a few days. The water will eventually evaporate leaving the salt in the container. 

Distillation

Distillation involves boiling the solution of salt water. When the boiling point of the water is reached, it will be converted to a gas. If the gas is collected, it can then be condensed back into water. This process allows you to collect both the salt and the water.

Reverse Osmosis

This technique involves removing the water from the salt by forcing it through a permeable membrane. The membrane only allows the water to pass through, leaving the salt behind.

Add Decanoic Acid

In this technique, decanoic acid is added to salt water, heated slightly, and then cooled. At this point, the salt "falls out" of the solution leaving the water and the salt in two separate layers. The water can then be easily removed from the salt.

Electrodialysis

In this process, a negatively charged anode and a positively charged cathode are placed in the salt water. The anode and cathode are separated by a porous membrane. An electric charge is run through the solution. This causes the anode and cathode to "pull out" the disolved salt ions from the water.

 

List the things Mary loves about her husband. What does this list tell about her relationship with him?

In the eighth paragraph of the story, Dahl describes what Mary loves about her husband:

For her, this was always a blissful time of day. She knew he didn’t want to speak much until the first drink was finished, and she, on her side, was content to sit quietly, enjoying his company after the long hours alone in the house. She loved to luxuriate in the presence of this man, and to feel—almost as a sunbather feels the sun—that warm male glow that came out of him to her when they were alone together. She loved him for the way he sat loosely in a chair, for the way he came in a door, or moved slowly across the room with long strides. She loved the intent, far look in his eyes when they rested on her, the funny shape of the mouth, and especially the way he remained silent about his tiredness, sitting still with himself until the whisky had taken some of it away

First, Mary comments on the idea that she enjoys Patrick's company simply because he is another person in the house with her after being alone all day. The couple do not yet have children (though Mary is 6 months pregnant with their first).  Second, Mary seems to enjoy Patrick's "maleness": she comments on how he sits, how he moves, how he drinks his whiskey at the end of the day.  

What is missing from these descriptions is any sort of passion that a modern audience would want to see in their relationship.  There is contentment, a sort of settled atmosphere, about their relationship.  Mary loves the routine of their relationship, as Dahl describes that she watches the clock for him to return from work: "Now and again she would glance up at the clock, but without anxiety, merely to please herself with the thought that each minute gone by made it nearer the time when he could come."  His punctuality makes him desirable to Mary because she can count on him.  This reason is perhaps why she is most distraught at the news he tells her on this particular evening; the thought that he is cheating on her is not within her routine, not within the reliability she has with Patrick.  He ruins all the comfort she had gained from this relationship.

Where did Brian land in the book Hatchet?

Brian is the main character in the book Hatchet. Brian’s parents are going through a divorce. In the beginning of the book, Brian is on a bush plane. He is on his way to visit his father who is located in the northern oil fields of Canada. 

When in the air, the pilot shows Brian how to use the controls of the plane. Then, suddenly, the pilot of the plane has a heart attack. Eventually, the plane runs out of gas. Brian is able to keep the plane level and land it in a lake that was in the shape of an “L”. Brian is able to tear off his seatbelt, swim through the broken windshield, and swim to the nearby shore. 

The rest of the book is about Brian’s survival in the wilderness of the Canadian forest and his eventual rescue.

Does Into the Wild belong in a literature class? If so, why?

Since I teach this book in a college literature class, I believe it belongs there and will try to explain why. First and foremost, it is part of a literary tradition that goes back to Hesiod's Works and Days from 700 BCE that celebrates the simple life. For centuries, people have longed to get away from the corrupting influence of civilization, to return to a perceived purer state. This is especially a strain in American literature, in which Europeans saw the potential and the innocence in a (to them) new, untamed continent. 

The well-read Alex McCandless self-consciously models himself to some extent on Thoreau, who "fronted" the "essentials" of life in a cabin at Walden Park. McCandless also studied and was influenced by Tolstoy's writings on the simple life of the Russian peasants. His journey, leaning into a literary tradition, brings this genre of writing into the modern day.

The novel brings debatable issues into the classroom as well: Did McCandless go too far? Was he a hero or a fool?

Valence Bond Theory fails to explain the paramagnetic character of the oxygen molecule. Why is this?

Valence bond theory predicts that all electrons in diatomic oxygen are spin paired, making O2 diamagnetic.  However, we know that diatomic oxygen is paramagnetic.  This means that electrons are not spin paired.  

If we apply valence bond theory, each oxygen in O2 looks like this:

2p  _e-/e-_  _e-_  _e-_  (remember that electrons, when paired, spin in opposite directions and are drawn as arrows pointing up/down)

2s  _e-/e-_

1s  _e-/e-  (usually not shown because only valence electrons are considered)

This is because oxygen has the atomic number 8 and therefore has 6 valence electrons (the other 2 are in the first shell of the atom).  The 1s shell represents this first shell.  The second shell includes one "s" and 3 "p" orbitals.  The s orbitals must be filled with spin paired electrons first and then the ones that are left over are used to fill the 3 p orbitals.  We start by putting one electron in each of the p orbitals.  This uses three of the four electrons that we still have to place.  The last one becomes spin paired with the electron in the first p orbital to fill that orbital.  The other two p orbitals contain unpaired electrons.  

Using valence bond theory, you would predict that because each oxygen has those 2 unpaired electrons in their p orbitals, the two oxygens would form a covalent (double) bond and each would share their two unpaired electrons to fill their p orbitals leaving no unpaired electrons and making O2 diamagnetic.  This isn't the case, of course.  

O2 is paramagnetic with unpaired electrons.  One must apply molecular orbital theory to understand why.  This goes a step beyond valence bond theory.

We know that with O2 we have four total electrons in the "2s" orbitals (2 from each oxygen).  These electrons are going to form something called sigma bonds.  When you diagram molecular orbitals, there are both bonding and antibonding orbitals that must be drawn.  These 4 "2s" electrons are going to be split into 1 bonding sigma orbital (2 electrons) and 1 antibonding sigma orbital (2 electrons).  

We then move on to the "2p" orbitals.  Each oxygen has 4 "2p" electrons.  These electrons are going to go into sigma and pi bonds.  When you diagram this, you have two pi bonding orbitals and one sigma bonding orbital and then corresponding higher energy (filled after low energy bonding orbitals) pi (2) antibonding orbitals and one antibonding sigma orbital.  

Again, you use the "2p" electrons from both oxygens to fill these molecular orbitals.  You start out by using 4 of the 8 "2p" electrons to fill the two bonding pi orbitals and then 2 more to fill the one bonding sigma orbital.  This leaves 2 electrons.  They are added to the higher energy antibonding pi orbitals (you'll see them as pi star).  

One electron is added to each pi orbital so there are 2, unpaired electrons in the antibonding pi orbitals.  This is where the paramagnetic behavior of O2 comes from.  Whereas valence bonding theory predicts that all electrons will be paired, using the molecular orbital theory, you can see that there are unpaired electrons making O2 paramagnetic.

When Morris was asked about the monkey's paw, why did he dismiss the question 'offhandedly'?

Sergeant-Major Morris does not actually dismiss the question offhandedly but dismisses the importance of the monkey's paw in that offhand manner. He has served in India for over twenty years and has seen all kinds of supposedly magical tricks and heard about all kinds of other mysteries, miracles, and supernatural phenomena. He seems like a cynical and skeptical man who is disillusioned with life and in consequence has taken to drink.

"Offhandedly" means something like "expressed without any preparation or forethought." It may not have been previously suggested, but there seems to be some possibility that Morris is putting on an act. He may have been planning to sell this shriveled monkey's paw to Mr. White ever since he was invited to his house for dinner. These men are not close friends. Mr. White reveals the nature of their relationship.

"Twenty-one years of it," said Mr. White, nodding at his wife and son. "When he went away he was a slip of a youth in the warehouse. Now look at him."

So the two men were only co-workers at a warehouse. Morris does not owe White any special consideration. He might have a whole pocket full of monkeys' paws which he is passing off in England in the same way. All his warnings and negative remarks about the talisman could be only what is called "reverse psychology," making people want to do something by telling them not to do it. This may sound far-fetched, but it is obviously Morris's negativity, including his tossing the paw into the fireplace, that makes Mr. White want to possess the thing. The way Morris consumes his host's whiskey shows that he is not unaccustomed to looking out for himself. He has had a lot of worldly experience and is a great deal more sophisticated than the Whites or their young son Herbert.

The author inserts a bit of dialogue to suggest why Morris hasn't already sold the paw.

"If you've had your three wishes, it's no good to you now, then, Morris," said the old man at last. "What do you keep it for?"

The soldier shook his head. "Fancy, I suppose," he said, slowly. "I did have some idea of selling it, but I don't think I will. It has caused enough mischief already. Besides, people won't buy. They think it's a fairy tale; some of them, and those who do think anything of it want to try it first and pay me afterward."

The story is told in such a way that the reader will never know whether the monkey's paw had supernatural powers or whether it was just a little paw that used to belong to one of India's hordes of wild monkeys.

What are some examples of lexemes in a sentence?

A lexeme is a basic unit of meaning in a language.  A lexeme can be a single word or set of words; any unit that depends upon all its morphological components to be understood qualifies.  In other words, a lexeme is a unit of language that can no longer be understood when broken down into its component parts.  This means that any inflected forms of a lexeme fall under the umbrella of that lexeme.   Any verb, for example walk, is a single lexeme composed of a set of inflected forms, i.e. walking, walks, walked, etc.  In addition, walker and walkers are not inflected forms of the lexeme walk, but forms rather of the lexeme walker; this is due to the difference in word class – walker is a noun, rather than a verb.

Phrasal verbs and compound words are also usually single lexemes, though they are composed of more than one grammatical word.  For example, the word babysitter is a lexeme in the English language – a compound word, composed of baby and sitter, whose meaning cannot be divined by looking at its component parts.  In addition, phrasal verbs like turn off or come back are also single lexemes – their component parts form a new, single meaning when combined.

Name and idioms, as well, are single lexemes – when someone mentions Sherlock Holmes, this name conjures up one single referent; thus there is a single meaning behind the two names.  If you were to call someone a bad apple, you would be using a single lexeme to refer to this person.  The phrase may be two words, but they are combined in such a context they have a single meaning.  Conversely, if you were to see a bad apple among the fresh, shiny pile at the grocery store, this conventional connotation would be gone, and we would have two separate lexemes.

So to address the need for example sentences, you can’t really go wrong with any sentence at all in the English language, for languages are made up entirely of lexemes.  A good sentence would perhaps be something along the lines of the following:

My mother told the babysitter not to come back after the teenager horsed around on the job.

Here we have babysitter, come back, teenager, and horse around as good examples of compound words and phrases as single lexemes, as well as the obvious mother and tell, and the phrase on the job.

How did the Blacks in the southern states feel different from the North?

Over the years, scholars have considered the differences between Southern states and Northern states’ treatment of slaves. Although there were some differences, many scholars speculate that many slaves were treated as unequal or abused in the Northern states and even in Canada. As a result, some differences between the states can be seen, such as during the Civil War; however, many similarities remained including poor education.

In the North during the Civil War, the 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was comprised of African-American soldiers. For this regiment, the soldiers were trained to fight; however, they often lacked pay, shoes, and food compared to the white Northern troops. The regiment had to not only fight against the South, but also against the racist attitudes of the North. Despite these struggles, they still overcame and played in important role in the Civil War.

This was not the only example of maltreatment that the African-Americans confronted during the Civil War. Unfortunately, in the North, only a few schools for African-American children existed and few would hardly be considered “educational” today. For example, even in Canada, teachers of African-American children would not educate the students. There are even stories of the teachers being intoxicated while teaching.

Therefore, although differences existed in the North, such as actually having an African-American regiment, the slaves still had to confront many barriers. Some of the slaves continued heading North into Canada for hopes of a better future while others (if they financially were able) left America altogether and went to France for more freedom.

Sources 

Bodden, Donna, and Eleanor Lang. The Eloquent War: Personal and Public Writings from the Civil War. St. James, NY: Brandywine, 1999. Print.

What does Winnie do with the bottle of spring water Jesse gives her?

Before the Tuck family departs, Jesse gives Winnie "a bottle of water from the spring" and instructs her to drink it when she turns seventeen.  With this water, Winnie will be able to live forever like Jesse and his family.  Winnie had wanted to live forever.  She did not want to die.  Her opinion changes, however.  When she gets back home, she hides the bottle of spring water "in a bureau drawer."  

Later, Winnie sees a dog bothering a toad.  She chases it away and then goes up to her room to fetch the bottle of spring water.  She impulsively "[pulls] out the cork from the mouth of the bottle" and dumps it onto the toad, causing it to live forever.  Winnie reasons that there is still eternal water in the spring in the woods.  

Winnie never drinks the water from the spring.  She lives to be almost eighty-years-old before she dies.  Jesse and his mother return to look for her in 1950, but they discover that she had already passed away.  They later see the toad, who had been the recipient of the bottle of spring water, sitting in the road.

What ethnic groups are in the Virginian?

It is easy to read Owen Wister's seminal Western novel The Virginian and walk away thinking that there are only two ethnic groups represented: Anglo-Saxon whites and Native American Indians. After all, all the major and minor characters are white, with the exception of the Indians. But the historicity of the novel is post-constructionist, and it would have been impossible for Wister to truly ignore this, especially given members of his family were rich plantation owners in South Carolina and Georgia (Adams, 2007, p. 109). While the novel does not have or mention any black characters, there are signs of a black 'presence' throughout. One example exists in the lyrics of a black minstrel song the Virginian sings while out riding the range:

'Dar is a big Car'lina nigger,
About de size of dis chile or p'raps a little bigger,
By de name of Jim Crow.
Dat what de white folks call him.
If ever I sees hint I 'tends for to maul him,
Just to let de white folks see
Such an animos as he
Can't walk around the streets and scandalize me. (Wister, p. 215)

Another exists in the minor character Scipio le Moyne who introduces himself as "Scipio le Moyne, from Gallipolice, Ohio [...] The eldest of us always gets called Scipio. It's French. But us folks have been white for a hundred years" (Wister, p. 158). According to Bold (2013), "'Scipio' was a traditional slave name [. . .] [and] 'Lemoyne' was one of the most common Creole surnames of the Mississippi Valley (p. 133). Scipio seems to know that his name carries with it a non-white heritage because he hurries to assure the Virginian that any other ethnicity associated with his name has been erased over the last 100 years.

There are also references to other ethnicities: workmen on the railroad tracks are identified as being Chinese (pp. 181-182), the men wear Mexican spurs (p. 197), and a man named Balaam, a Hebrew name possibly translated as 'Destroyer of People' (Uittenbogaard, n.d.), mistreats a horse with a distinctly Mexican name of Pedro. 

So as we can see, the text of The Virginian, although definitely not a shining example of ethnic inclusiveness, is also not quite as whitewashed as some suggest.

Note: Uittenbogaard, A. (n.d.) The amazing name Balaam: Meaning and etymology. Abarim Publications. Retrieved from http://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Balaam.html#.VxhnH_krK00.

Why are the pigs accepted as the planners of farm policy in Animal Farm?

The pigs are the organizers of the farm because they are the cleverest animals.

The pig Old Major’s dream for Animal Farm was a completely egalitarian system where the animals looked after themselves so that no humans needed to be involved. In practice, however, the pigs quickly took charge.

The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs, who were generally recognised as being the cleverest of the animals. (Ch. 2)

The pigs are considered the smartest animals on the farm, and maybe that is so. They quickly take control, and then subjugate the next-smartest group, the dogs. The pigs begin by running things mostly democratically, because Snowball and Napoleon are vying for influence.

The pigs quickly begin to collect luxuries for themselves.  The animals assumed that the milk and apples would be shared. The pigs’ mouthpiece Squealer explains why they are taking all of them.

Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well−being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. (Ch. 3)

The pigs also sleep in the farmer’s house, even in the beds.  They claim it is all right because they need the rest and they don’t use sheets. Before long, they are even trading the farm surplus for alcohol. The pigs are the only ones who get these luxuries.

The other animals accept the pigs’ control at first. They do not see anything wrong with it because the pigs seem to make good arguments. However, as time goes on the pigs get more and more abusive. Napoleon and his henchmen use Snowball as a scapegoat and run him off. Soon, the pigs are treating the animals as badly as the people treated them.

What is true about silicate minerals?

Silicates are the most abundant class of minerals.  It has been estimated that up to 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals. All igneous rocks, most metamorphic rocks, and many sedimentary rocks are composed of silicates. 

The basic chemical unit of silicate minerals is `~SiO_4^4^-`  . Each `~SiO_4` unit is called a tetrahedron. The tetrahedrons can combine in a variety of interesting ways. Silicates are divided into subclasses based on the way their tetrahedrons are arranged:

• 
  Nesosilicates: contain single unbonded tetrahedrons - example: fosterite


• 
  Sorosilicates: contain two tetrahedrons linked by an oxygen ion - example: lawsonite


• 
  Inosilicates: contain single chain and double chain tetrahedrons - example: diopside


• 
  Cyclosilicates: contain rings of tetrahedrons - example: beryl


• 
  Phyllosilicates: contain sheets of tetrahedrons linked by shared oxygens - example: talc


• 
  Tectosilicates: contain interconnected tetrahedrons going out in all directions - example: quartz

On a math test, there were multiple choice and show your work problems. Nanette got 7 multiple choice problems correct and 6 show your-work...

We are given that one student got 7mc and 6 work problems correct for 62 points, and another student got 9mc and 5 work problems correct for 58 total points.

We assume that we want to know the points for correct multiple choice questions and extended response questions.

Let x= points per correct multiple choice question.

Let y= points per correct work problem.

Then we have a system of equations:

7x+6y=62
9x+5y=58

We are asked to solve the system using matrices.

We can write the system in matrix form as 

`[[7,6],[9,5]]*[[x],[y]]=[[62],[58]]`

There are a number of ways to solve this:

1. Use inverse matrices. If AX=B then A^(-1)AX=A^(-1)B so X=A^(-1)B

The determinant of A is (7*5-9*6)=-19 so the inverse is 

`[[-5/19,6/19],[9/19,-7/19]]` and so

`X=[[x],[y]]=[[-5/19,6/19],[9/19,-7/19]]*[[62],[58]]=[[2],[8]]`

Then each multiple choice question is worth 2 points, and each extended response question is worth 8 points.

2. Use Cramer's rule:

Here `x=|[62,6],[58,5]|/(-19)=-38/-19=2`

`"and" y=|[7,62],[9,58]|/(-19)=-152/-19=8`

We could also put the extended matrix in reduced row-echelon form.

` `

What are the arguments of Decius Brutus to induce Caesar to "come forth" in Julius Caesar?

Decius argues that Caesar will be considered cowardly and that the senate is planning to give him a crown.

Decius Brutus was a trusted lieutenant of Julius Caesar, so when the assassins needed someone to make sure that Caesar made it to the senate on the day they planned to kill him, he was the logical choice.  Decius was also very persuasive, and for this reason they were sure that no matter what, Decius could get Caesar to the capital.

When Cassius worries that Caesar may not come on the Ides of March, Decius Brutus explains that he can make Caesar come no matter what.

Never fear that: if he be so resolved,
I can o'ersway him; for he loves to hear
That unicorns may be betray'd with trees,
And bears with glasses, elephants with holes,
Lions with toils and men with flatterers … (Act 2, Scene 1)

Caesar trusts Decius Brutus.  He seems to value his advice.  Of course, there is no reason Caesar has not to trust him.  He has no idea what someone so close to him would turn against him.  So when Decius Brutus shows up, he is not the least bit suspicious of his motives.

Caesar tells Decius that he won’t go to the capital that day, and tells Decius to tell the other senators that he is sick.  Decius responds that they will laugh at him and want to know the cause.  Caesar responds that his will is the cause, and that is all they need.

Decius does not give up.  When Caesar tells him about Calpurnia’s prophetic dream, which she has interpreted as meaning that Caesar is in danger, Decius’s golden tongue finds a way to twist the dream into a positive.

This dream is all amiss interpreted;
It was a vision fair and fortunate:
Your statue spouting blood in many pipes,
In which so many smiling Romans bathed,
Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck
Reviving blood, and that great men shall press
For tinctures, stains, relics and cognizance.
This by Calpurnia's dream is signified. (Act 2, Scene 2)

Caesar falls for it.  He prefers Decius’s interpretation to Calpurnia’s.  He does not want to seem like a coward, or someone who can be persuaded by a woman.  When Decius tells him that the senate plans to give “a crown to mighty Caesar” that day, and they may change their minds if Caesar does not come, that seems to be the clincher.

Why would Caesar refuse a crown three times from Mark Antony, and then greedily agree to go to the senate when Decius Brutus tells him that he is being awarded a crown?  There could be several reasons.  One interpretation is that Caesar really did want to be king, and the crown on the Feast of Lupercal was just a way of testing public opinion.  Refusing it was a publicity stunt. 

Another interpretation is that Caesar did not want to appoint himself king, but would accept the senate doing it.  Of course, he might have also just wanted to go to stop them from crowning him king, since he vehemently argued that he did not want to be king. Whatever the reason, Caesar went to the capital.

Why did Columbus’ status change from hero to criminal by the end of the third voyage?

On the third voyage of Christopher Columbus, which began in 1498, Columbus was met with political disaster. While Columbus and his crew were the first to set foot on South American soil during this voyage, Columbus was met with great personal and political disaster. After becoming ill, Columbus and his crew set sail for Santo Domingo. Upon arrival, the admiral was met with extreme discontent by the colonists living on the island of Hispaniola. The settlers were unhappy with the economic conditions that existed and were disillusioned by the lack of gold in the new lands. As a result, Columbus, as governor of Hispaniola, was forced to put down an insurrection and executed many of the perpetrators.

Because of the social unrest that existed, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sent a commissioner to investigate problems in the colony. The commissioner, Francisco de Bobadilla, felt Columbus had done an inadequate job as governor and had him arrested. Bobadilla took certain liberties that were not intended by the royal family. Columbus, as well as his two brothers who had assisted him, were sent back to Spain as prisoners in October of 1500. While the monarchy acquitted Columbus and were shocked by Bobadilla's treatment of the explorer, they were not at liberty to re-install him as the governor of Santo Domingo.

How does Erikson's theory about the stages of psychosocial development shape our life?

Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist, identified eight stages that each person must go through at different times of life. If an individual does not face and master the challenges of each stage, he or she have difficulty in later stages. For example, from birth to age 2, a child deals with issues of trust versus mistrust. If a child does not feel essential trust coming from a caretaker, the child will face the world with suspicion as he or she gets older. The later stages are autonomy versus doubt; initiative versus guilt; and industry versus inferiority. The teenage years involve the idea of forming one's identity, and then, one moves on to the stage of intimacy versus isolation. People who do not form a strong sense of identity cannot often achieve intimacy with others and may wind up feeling isolated. Later stages include generativity versus stagnation (which involves finding a life filled with meaningful work), and ego integrity versus despair (meaning finding one's life has been worth it). Erikson's stages mean that a person has social and psychological work to accomplish during each stage to move on and live a meaningful and connected life. 

What is the main idea and summary of Swift's "Modest Proposal"?

In "A Modest Proposal," an unnamed narrator suggests that the poor Irish should begin to sell their babies to the rich English as food.  This would provide the Irish with a new source of income, selling something they already have a great deal of anyway.  Further, this would mean that Irish families remain smaller and easier to support, and it would also mean fewer Irish children on the streets, begging for money.  The English would also get a new food source as well as be able to use the infants' skins for boots and gloves.  Everybody wins!

It is important to note, however, that this proposal is NOT in earnest.  Swift has written this satire in order to point out the terrible situation of the Irish and how the English have figuratively "devoured" the country and its people.  The wealthy English owned approximately 90% of the land in Ireland in 1729 (the year when this "proposal" was published); they raised the rents on the Irish who worked the land, making it impossible for many to both pay rent and support their often large families.  Swift used this proposal to suggest that, if England is willing to figuratively devour the Irish, then they might as well go ahead and literally devour, i.e. eat, them.  To be clear, the narrator believes that this proposal makes perfect sense and is mutually beneficial; Jonathan Swift, the author, does not.  He is ridiculing the English who have behaved so unconscionably as well as the Irish who failed to speak out before the situation got this bad.  Therefore, irony is the primary figure of speech here: the audience is meant to understand that we should not respect the narrator or appreciate his suggestion.

Who is referred to as an angel in Three Men in a Boat, and why?

This story surfaces in Chapter XII, when narrator J. tells a tale from a previous trip. He and George and Harris once needed to find a place to stay overnight in the town of Datchet, but they had gotten there late, and they weren’t very successful at finding a decent place. They passed up two inns, and both were full by the time they came back to check again. They asked residents for help and investigated three more places. All of these were full, too. The three friends were frustrated, but help suddenly and magically appeared. J. remembered: “At that moment an angel came by in the disguise of a small boy.” They followed him to his mother’s house. The accommodations weren’t top notch, but the men at least got a good meal and small beds to sleep in—all because of a child who showed up at the right time.

How do the children plan to spend their last night in Maycomb?

The only child that leaves Maycomb is Dill at the end of the summers. Jem and Scout go to Finch's Landing for Christmas, but that's still in Maycomb county. Dill, on the other hand, lives in Meridian during the school year and stays with his Aunt Rachel during the summers. There's only one passage that references a "last night in Maycomb," and again, it references Dill leaving for the school year, as follows:

"'Yes,' said our father, when Jem asked him if we could go over and sit by Miss Rachel's fishpool with Dill, as this was his last night in Maycomb" (50).

With that said, Jem and Dill plan to go sneaking around the Radley house to peek into a window on this night. When Scout catches wind of it, she asks them why they waited till this last night of summer vacation to do something like this. The answer is as follows:

"Because nobody could see them at night, because Atticus would be so deep in a book he wouldn't hear the Kingdom coming, because if Boo Radley killed them they'd miss school instead of vacation, and because it was easier to see inside a dark house in the dark than in the daytime" (51).

These are all clever reasons to wait until the last night of summer vacation to go snooping around the neighborhood's haunted house. (The best reason is if they get killed then they wouldn't miss any of vacation!) Little did they know that they would get shot at and Jem would lose his pants on the fence in the process. And little did they know that when Jem went back in the middle of the night for his pants that they would be crudely mended by a "friendly ghost." It's interesting because it seems as if each time the children try to make contact with Boo Radley, something ironic (unexpected) seems to happen.

Analyze to what extent new ideas of race and nation created tension within and between states during 1890-1914 and what new forms of nationalism...

From 1894 to 1914, a new form of nationalism led to imperialistic ambitions on the part of European powers. This new form of nationalism was inspired by Social Darwinism; Darwin's theory of evolution supported the idea that certain races were superior to that of others. In appropriating the doctrine of the survival of the fittest for their nefarious aims, European powers such as England, Italy, France, and Germany acted to subjugate whole populations.

In essence, these new ideas about race and nation created tension between European imperialists and civilizations in the cross-hairs of these imperialistic initiatives. While England fought South Africans in the Boer War for territorial control and for access to gold mining operations, other European powers entertained similar ideas. In France, the anthropologist Georges Vacher de Lapouge developed the idea of separating the races into subgroups. In 1899, he wrote The Aryan: His Social Role. Lapouge hypothesized that all subgroups could be categorized by skull shape. The long-headed or dolichocephalic Aryan races were superior to the round-headed or brachycephalic races.

Lepouge's Homo Europaeus corresponded to members of the Anglo-Saxon race, with the characteristic blond hair and blue eye features so prized among nationalists (Adolph Hitler also espoused similar beliefs in the superiority of the Aryan race). Lapouge went on to characterize the darker-skinned peoples like the Jews as Homo Contractus. The Homo Contractus was characterized as an under-developed and backward species of man, whose only conceivable purpose was to serve as slave labor for the superior Anglo-Saxon races.

Meanwhile, Joseph Arthur, Comte de Gobineau, a French aristocrat and writer, developed the theory of the Aryan race. He regarded the mixing of the races as miscegenation and a crime against humanity. Gobineau saw the white races as the true proponents of human progress; therefore any sort of inter-marriage between the races was anathema. He saw the white, black, and yellow races embroiled in a cosmic conflict for relevance and supremacy in world affairs. Both Gobineau and Lapouge believed that France was sullied by the presence of inferior races. The tension occasioned by these misguided beliefs cannot be underestimated. Gobineau's Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races was published in German in 1897; it was later to influence the German dictator, Adolph Hitler.

Adolph Hitler adopted the racial theories of Gobineau and Lepouge to realize his nationalistic and imperialistic goals; he believed that it was the German state's prerogative to annihilate the inferior races in Germany and in the world. He saw imperialism as a war for the survival of the fittest on the global stage. Germany's relevance had to be secured through a catastrophic human holocaust; the master race was to be saved at all costs. To meet his goals, he roused the nationalistic sentiments of the German people to a fevered pitch.

In 1907, Friedrich von Bernhardi, a German general, argued that 'War is a biological necessity of the first importance, a regulative element in the life of mankind which cannot be dispensed with, since without it an unhealthy development will follow, which excludes every advancement of the race, and therefore all real civilization...' His beliefs echoed those of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, an English-born German citizen, who published his Foundations of the Nineteenth Century in 1899, where he hypothesized that Germany needed to fight to annihilate the inferior races, as the continued viability of mankind hinged on the preservation of the European master race. These new ideas about race and nation created such tension on the global stage that they became responsible for the atrocities and millions of deaths incurred in World Wars One and Two.

Source: Religious Anarchism (New Perspectives).

What can be compared and contrasted in The Witch of Blackbird Pond by Elizabeth George Speare?

There are many comparisons and contrasts in The Witch of Blackbird Pond. Two more obvious contrasts are Mercy and Judith Wood.  They have many things in common, but their personalities are very different.

Mercy and Judith are sisters. They are devoted to their mother. Both hope to marry someday. They both welcome Kit as part of their family.

Judith is confident and prideful. She is beautiful, and she is aware of this.  Judith dislikes hard work, and she desires to marry a wealthy man.  Judith is often unaware, such as when she thinks John Holbrook wants to marry her. 

Mercy is content and humble.  When she was very young, she became ill with a fever. She recovered, but her leg was damaged. She limps and uses crutches to walk. Mercy is content with her life despite her disability.  She is fond of John Holbrook, but she does not object when he becomes engaged to Judith. She is kind and gentle to Kit. Mercy shows compassion to Kit upon her arrival:

Kit found Mercy's eyes and was steadied by the quiet sympathy she saw there (Chapter 3). 

What is the importance of anatomy and physiology in strength and conditioning?

Knowing how a body responds to physical stressors and different motions will allow a coach or athlete to create a strength and conditioning program that will maximize results while minimizing injury.  

Additionally, every person has a different shape, size, amount of flexibility, strength capacity, and range of motion. Since there is variety among athletes, all athletes on a team should not be expected to perform the same workout regime. It would be unreasonable to expect that an individual that is new to a sport will be able to perform in the same manner as a seasoned athlete. Being well-versed in anatomy and physiology will ensure that each individual is prescribed an appropriate routine that will maximize his or her individual physical ability.

Here are eight key principles of successful training.

Why didn't Mathilde admit what happened with the lost necklace in "The Necklace"?

Mathilde does not tell Madame Forestier that she lost the necklace because she is embarrassed and proud.

Mathilde Loisel believes that she was born below her proper station in life.  Because of this, she pines for a life of riches and beautiful things.  Her husband is aware of this, but he is only a lowly clerk.  One day he surprises her with the gift of tickets to a fancy ball, and she gets upset because she doesn’t think she has anything to wear.

Monsieur Loisel gives his wife everything he has saved, and suggests that she borrow a proper jewel from her wealthy friend, Madame Forestier.  She agrees, excited to have a pretty dress and an expensive jewel to wear to the fancy ball.

Madame Forestier makes some suggestions, but Mathilde sees the one she likes.

Suddenly she discovered, in a black satin case, a superb diamond necklace; her heart began to beat covetously. Her hands trembled as she lifted it. She fastened it round her neck, upon her high dress, and remained in ecstasy at sight of herself.

What Mathilde thinks is a very expensive diamond is actually fake.  She has no idea. She is on top of the world at the ball.  Everyone wants to dance with her and thinks she is beautiful.  Unfortunately, as she is leaving she realizes she has lost the jewel.

Monsieur Loisel does not want to tell Madame Forestier what happened at first because he thinks he can still find the necklace. He probably feels partially responsible, since borrowing it was his idea.

"You must write to your friend," he said, "and tell her that you've broken the clasp of her necklace and are getting it mended. That will give us time to look about us."

When they can’t find it, he finally decides they have to replace it.  It takes some time to find one that looks like it, and they go into great debt to do it.  For years they have to pay off the debt, until one day Madame Forestier sees Mathilde and does not recognize her.  That is when they learn that the necklace was a paste.  It was fake.

If Monsieur and Madame Loisel had told the truth, they would have saved themselves great distress and suffering.  Unfortunately, they were too proud and never owned up to what happened.  Because of that, it was years until they learned of their mistake and by then they had destroyed themselves.

The idea of people as "trash" is discussed throughout the novel. Develop a definition of what it is to be "trash," and explain your definition...

"White trash" is a slang term that evolved in the South for the stereotypical character who is poor, lazy, ignorant, shiftless, of low intelligence and usually dirty and often inbred. Even when presented with opportunities to improve their conditions, few take advantage of them as they are unmotivated.  If they do try to improve in some way, they often regress and return to their habitual conditions. Ethical behavior is usually lacking in such people, as well.

One novel that contains the quintessential "white trash" is Erskine Caldwell's Tobacco Road. In this novel about a Georgia sharecropper, whose land is played out, the daughters leave for Augusta, which is nearby in order to work in factories and to get away from their incestual father. But, he remains, although he is starving because he loves his land and remembers better days. When he does have an opportunity to make some money with the thirty-nine-year old woman that marries his sixteen year-old son, he and the others mishandle themselves and everything else and get nowhere; in fact, they make their lives worse. 

Similarly, in To Kill a Mockingbird the Ewells are a family in which poverty, drunkenness, incest, indolence, meanness, laziness, and uncleanliness are pronounced. The father, Bob Ewell, is a shiftless man who squanders his welfare check on alcohol, and the children hunt through garbage at the dump for sustenance; they do not try to do chores for anyone for food or pay, either.
Not only is Bob Ewell ignorant, but he is disagreeable and odious in his neglect for his children as well as his cruelty to them, and his disrespect for the law and attitude toward African-Americans, the only people over whom he can feel superior. Moreover, because blacks are the only ones over whom he can feel better, Ewell accuses the kind Tom Robinson of raping and beating Mayella when he himself has beaten her severely after finding that she has invited Tom inside their shack.

Both he and his children have hateful attitudes toward anyone in authority, as, perhaps, a defense mechanism. While he and Mayella both are on the witness stand, they are impolite and confrontational toward Atticus and Mr. Gilmer both. When, for instance, Mr. Gilmer asks Ewell if he is the father of Mayella, he answers impertinently, "Well, if I ain't I can't do nothing about it now, her ma's dead," and Judge Taylor interrupts to correct Ewell on his tone. Throughout his testimony, Ewell is hostile, using inappropriate language and he displays his ignorance when he does not know the meaning of ambidextrous.
When Mayella is on the witness stand, she lies about Tom's actions, from dread of her father, as well as fear from society as she has broken an unwritten law in the South. Instead of showing any shame, she tries to disguise her guilt by antipathy toward Atticus, which is not even reasonable, as she tells Judge Taylor,

"Long's he keeps on callin' me ma'am an sain' Miss Mayella. I don't hafta take his sass, I ain't called upon to take it."

Much like his father, Ewell's son, Buress, who is in Scout's class at school is filthy and lice ridden, yet he presumes to speak with utter disrespect to Miss Caroline: "I done done my time for this year." When Miss Caroline tells Burris to remain and sit down, he challenges her, "You try and make me, missus."

In what ways did Odysseus demonstrate heroic behavior?

Odysseus demonstrates heroic behavior when he and his crew stop in the Land of the Lotus Eaters.  Wary, he sends only three men to scout the island and find out who lives there and what the inhabitants are like.  When these three men eat the lotus flower, they no longer want to go home.  Rather than leaving them there, he personally retrieves them and physically wrestles them back to the ship.  His actions, here, are heroic because he looks out for his men's welfare when they are incapable of doing so themselves. 

Odysseus also shows his heroism when his quick thinking and bravery allow him to come up with a plan to wound Polyphemus, the Cyclops, so that he cannot catch Odysseus and his men.  He realizes that he cannot kill the monster or they will not be able to move the stone in front of the door (and so they would all die).  Instead, he comes up with a plan to blind Polyphemus so that he will still be capable of removing the stone, but he will not be able to see the crew to catch them.  Odysseus is one of the handful of men to climb atop the monster while he is sleeping and plunge the olive stake into its eye.  This bravery and cleverness are both heroic.

Finally, Odysseus's loyalty and devotion to his wife and son are likewise heroic.  He could have stayed with Circe or Calypso, both beautiful goddesses who would have kept him forever.  He could have simply given up after years and years of struggling to get home, setbacks from his crew, and so on.  But he doesn't.  He keeps fighting to get home to the family he loves no matter what.  This loyalty to his wife, Penelope, and his devotion to his family and home are quite heroic as well.

Why was the United States so reluctant to enter World War I?

The United States was very reluctant to enter World War I for several reasons. One reason had to do with trade. We were trading with countries on both sides of the conflict. We knew that if we entered World War I, we would lose our trade with the countries against which we were fighting.

We also knew the war was likely to be a long and costly war. We really had no interest in getting dragged into a war that could last for years and lead to many American casualties. The cost of going to war would also be enormous in economic terms.

There were people who were fearful about what would happen to them if we went to war. It was pretty clearly that we were more supportive of the Allies than of the Central Powers. German-Americans were worried they would face harassment and discrimination if we went to war against Germany.

American interests were different than European interests. We weren’t interested in going to war to gain land. One of our goals was to not get land if we were on the winning side of World War I. When World War I began, we felt the Europeans were making a big mistake by going to war. Little did we know how right that assessment was. The results from World War I and the ensuing Versailles Treaty were some of the factors that led to the start of World War II less than 25 years after World War I ended.

Reverend Hale is showing some signs of stress during the second act. Explain the ways that Hale has changed from the first act to the second, and...

Here I will provide you with textual evidence from both Acts and analysis of each piece of evidence. Then, it will be up to you to compare the evidence from the two Acts and draw your conclusions about how and why Hale has been affected: 

Act One:

• 
  "No, no. There be no unnatural cause here. Tell him that I have sent for Mr. Hale of Beverly, and Mr. Hale will surely confirm that" (9)
  Even before he enters the scene, Mr. Hale's characterization begins. His reputation for a professional and expert lend a degree of gravity to his character: he is someone to be trusted based on his experience with the unnatural. 


• "Coming into Salem now, Reverend Hale conceives of himself much as a young doctor on his first call. His painfully acquired armory of symptoms, catchwords, and diagnostic procedures are now to be put to use at last. The road from Beverly is unusually busy this morning, and he has passed a hundred rumors that make him smile at the ignorance of the yeomanry in this most precise science. He feels himself allied with the best minds of Europe - kings, philosophers, scientists, and ecclesiasts of all churches. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he knows the exaltation of the blessed whose intelligence, sharpened by minute examinations of enormous tracts, is finally called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself" (36)
  Hale firmly believes that what he is doing is invariably good, right, moral, and interestingly, scientific. He does not question whether or not witchcraft might exist, or even if accusations of witchcraft might be used for nefarious ends. He is a healer and a scientist. 


• 
  "No, no. Now let me instruct you. We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of hell upon her" (38) 
  A continuation of the above characterization


• "When the Devil comes to you does he ever come - with another person? She stares up into his face, Perhaps another person in the village? Someone you know" (45)
  Hale's innocence and naïvité, his belief that witchcraft is a rational thing, does not intend to lead Tituba into falsely accusing others. He, perhaps unconsciously, perhaps not, guides Tituba into spreading the blame. 

Act Two:

• 
  It is Mr. Hale. He is different now - drawn a little, and there is a quality of deference, even of guilt, about his manner now. 
  As these stage directions note, Hale is physically differentiated from the introduction of the play now that the trials are fully underway. 


• 
  "This is a strange time, Mister. No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack upon this village. There is too much evidence now to deny it. You will agree, sir?" (64) 
  Although Hale may not be the same as he was at the beginning of the play, he has not renounced his beliefs, either. 


• Hale, glances at her open face, then at John, then: Let you re-peat them, if you will.
  Proctor: The Commandments.
  Hale: Aye. (66)
  Hale is continuing to use his scientific methods to determine, through what he believes is firm evidence, whether or not a person is taken by the devil. He does not merely accept accusations and insinuations but tests them. 

Best of luck in your comparison!

In A Long Way from Chicago by Richard Peck, does Grandma Dowdel own a rowboat?

The answer is no, Grandma Dowdel doesn't own a rowboat.

In A One-Woman Crime Wave, Grandma Dowdel takes Joey and Mary Alice to Salt Creek, where the Piatt County Rod and Gun Club has some property. At the edge of the creek, Grandma Dowdel uncovers a rowboat that's tied to a tree and hidden among some vines. The trio uses the rowboat to paddle out further onto the water, and eventually Grandma Dowdel stops the boat at a certain spot. She then plunges her rod into the creek and soon lifts up what appears to be a catfish trap. The crate is filled with "whipping tails and general writhing." In other words, it's full of catfish.

Although Grandma Dowdel admits that trapping fish is illegal in the state, she tells Joey that she's never yet gotten caught. Then, she admits that the boat she's using isn't hers at all. We later find out that the boat actually belongs to Sheriff O.B. Dickerson. When Grandma Dowdel rows past the stretch of the creek belonging to the Rod and Gun Club, the Sheriff spots the trio in his boat and yells out to them to "stop in the name of the law." Although the Sheriff desperately wants to write Grandma Dowdel up on charges, he knows that he can't.

The Sheriff realizes that he, his deputies, and the entire male business community would be greatly embarrassed if Grandma Dowdel ever reported what she saw when she rowed past the Rod and Gun Club: every one of the men had appeared to be stone drunk and many were in various states of dishevelment. Grandma Dowdel's testimony would have certainly upset some of the wives of these men. In fact, it was Earl T. Askew, president of the Chamber of Commerce, who warned the Sheriff about exposing them all:

"O.B., let's just let sleeping dogs lay. I got my hands full with Mrs. Askew as it is."

So, this is how Grandma Dowdel gets away with using a rowboat that doesn't belong to her.

In the book Lyddie what are Lyddie's strengths, weaknesses, hopes, and hardships?

Lyddie is a very interesting character. She is courageous, determined, and a very hard worker who doesn't give up. At the beginning of the book, she faces down a bear to protect her family, and at the end, she faces down an abusive supervisor. When her mother moves away from the cabin, Lyddie is determined to keep the farm going for when her father returns. Even after she is hired out to pay debts, she is determined to earn enough money to reunite her family on their farm. She works hard wherever she is--at home, at the tavern, or at the factory. She doesn't mind putting in long hours. Although she has many setbacks, including getting fired twice, becoming ill, and having to support her sister, she doesn't give up but keeps working toward her goals. 

Her weaknesses include being prejudiced against people who are different and valuing money over relationships. She is aloof and even unkind to Luke Stevens because he is a Quaker, and at first she avoids Brigid and is harsh with her because she is Irish. Lyddie is so focused on making money that she doesn't take time to develop friendships with her roommates or Diana until it is too late--and then she regrets not having been a better friend to them.

The hope that keeps her going for most of the book is her goal of reuniting her family on their farm. When that dream dies, she takes on a new goal of attending college.

Her hardships include being deserted by her father, having a mentally ill mother, being separated from her siblings, being overworked at the tavern for slim wages, getting fired by Mrs. Cutler, working long hours in hard conditions at the textile factory, unexpectedly having her little sister brought to her to care for, getting seriously ill, and being falsely accused and fired by her supervisor at the Concord Corporation. 

Despite her hardships and her weaknesses, Lyddie displays great strength of character that allows her to improve herself and gives her a chance to fulfill her dream of attending college. 

What are some quotes where Lyddie is free and not free in Lyddie?

Lyddie feels like a slave when she is sold to the tavern.

Lyddie is not actually a slave, but she sometimes feels like one.  Her mother sells her and her brother to pay off the family debts.  Since she has no choice in the matter, Lyddie feels like she is enslaved.

Working at Cutler’s Tavern feels like slavery to Lyddie because her mother forced her to leave the farm in order to work off the family's debts.

Once I walk in that gate, I ain't free anymore, she thought. No matter how handsome the house, once I enter I'm a servant girl‐no more than a black slave. She had been queen of the cabin and the straggly fields and sugar bush up there on the hill. But now someone else would call the tune. (Ch. 3)

Lyddie really does not like the tavern.  When she is given a new, storebought dress to replace her worn and outgrown one, she considers it symbolic of her bondage.  Lyddie blames her mother for sending her and her brother to work and breaking the family up.

When Lyddie meets an actual runaway slave, he recognizes her situation as a sort of slavery.  Even though she often thinks of herself as a slave, she gets defensive about the situation when talking to a real slave. 

"I couldn't leave my home," she said.

"No? And yet you did."

"I had no choice," she said hotly. "I was made to."

"So many slaves," he said softly.

"I ain't a slave," she said. "I just‐I just‐‐" Just what? "There was the debt my father left, so . . ." (Ch. 6)

Lyddie’s insistence that she will not be a slave extends to her factory life.  She is more concerned with making money to free herself from bondage than anything else.  When the girls compare factory life to slavery in an old song, Lyddie insists that she is better off now.

"I ain't a slave!" said Lyddie fiercely. "I ain't a slave."

"Of course you aren't." Amelia's confidence had returned and with it herschoolmarm manner.

"At the inn I worked sometimes fifteen, sixteen hours a day and theypaid my mother fifty cents a week, if they remembered. Here‐" (Ch. 12)

Lyddie takes the old song personally.  She feels that working in the factory she is in charge of her own destiny, where at the tavern she was not.  She does not want to think that she escaped one kind of slavery to enter another.  However, the factory life is very restrictive.  The girls work long hours and have few rights. 

"I ain't a slave" is a mantra that Lyddie repeats to remind herself that she could always leave, but she feels enslaved to the family debt.  Until she gets that money, she will never be actually free and her family will remain apart.

What are the privacy and security implications of adopting electronic health records?

There are many benefits to electronic health records (EHR), including the ease of patients' access to their own health information. This access could improve patients' ability to become more aware of their needs and to advocate for their needs with medical professionals. In addition, electronic health records help different types of health providers, often separated geographically, to provide a continuity of care for patients and to avoid drug-related errors.

Many people have expressed concerns about the safety and security of keeping electronic health records. For example, in the U.K., patients chose to keep particularly sensitive health information out of the National Health Service database. According to Pagliari, Detmer, and Singleton (2007), encryption can help provide more security for health records. The authors also believe concerns over the privacy of health records is greatest among family members, who may be able to access these records.

In the U.S., under HIPAA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), the federal Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights is responsible for keeping health records private. Under these laws, a patient can request his or her health record and correct any mistakes on it. In addition, doctors' offices and hospitals are required to set up physical and technical safeguards for electronic health data, including passwords and encryption. If there is a security breach, they are required to let you know about it. 

Many patients fear security breaches of their electronic health records, and according to the American National Standards Institute (see the link below), millions of health records have had security breaches in recent years. As a result, the implications of adopting electronic health records are that some patients might delay or forgo treatment because they fear sensitive health information might be revealed publicly. For example, soldiers suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder might not want to be treated because they fear their condition might be made public. Other sensitive situations involve people's diagnoses of cancer, heart disease, or other health conditions; people seeking treatment for mental health conditions; or teenagers seeking treatment for sexually transmitted diseases. Rather than facilitating treatment, fear of public exposure can negatively affect treatment.

Reference:

Potential of electronic personal health records. Claudia Pagliari, Don Detmer and Peter Singleton. BMJ 2007; 335; 330-333.

Based on paragraph 9 of The Fountainhead, a "crusader" is someone who does what?

I believe that you asking about this line of text:

Your professor of structural engineering acted quite the crusader on your behalf.

It's not paragraph 9, nor is it page 9 of my text, but it is early in the book, which is why I think that you are referring to this line.  

Howard Roark is speaking to the Dean at the architecture school that Roark as just been expelled from.  Roark was expelled for making his designs overly modern.  Roark, throughout the novel, designs what he wants to design.  He does not care to follow the conventions of what other architects say is the "right way" to design.  A few of Roark's professor's see Roark's brilliance.  His professor of structural engineering recognizes that while Roark's designs might look unconventional, they are structurally brilliant.  He acts like a "crusader" for Roark, because the decision to expel Roark was decided by a committee.  There were members of the committee that wanted to see Roark gone, and other members that wanted to see Roark stay.  The professor of structural engineering defended Roark's designs and spoke in favor of Roark staying at the school.  That's what "crusader" is referring to here.  A defender.  

What problems with the original document motivated the adoption of the Bill of Rights?

When the United States Constitution was adopted in 1788 it was quickly criticized by people from different states as lacking encoded protections for individuals. The Constitution was a well-thought out plan of government. The main problem with it for one group of politicians, the Anti-Federalists (those opposed to a powerful central government), was that it did not address the rights of citizens and could not guarantee their liberties. The opposing side, the Federalists, said that such an addition was unnecessary as all issues not in the Constitution would be given to the states and the people. Of a proposed initial seventeen amendments ten were adopted as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights guarantees certain freedoms to the country's citizens such as those of the press, religion, and assembly. It limits the power of the government in areas such as searches of property.

`bbv = ` Find a unit vector in the direction of the given vector. Verify that the result has a magnitude of 1.

Hence, you need to find the unit vector having the same direction as the vector `v = <5,-12>` , hence, you need to use the formula, such that:

`u = v/|v|`

You need to evaluate the magnitude |v|, such that:

`|v| = sqrt(a^2+b^2)`

`|v| = sqrt(5^2 + (-12)^2) => |v| = sqrt(25+144) => |v| = sqrt 169 => |v| = 13`

`u = (<5,-12>)/13 => u = <5/13, -12/13>`

You need to check that the magnitude of the unit vector is 1, such that:

`|u| = sqrt((5/13)^2 + (-12/13)^2)`

`|u| = sqrt(25/169 + 144/169)`

`|u| = sqrt ((25+144)/169)`

`|u| = sqrt (169/169)`

`|u| = sqrt 1`

`|u| = 1`

Hence, evaluated the unit vector yields `u = <5/13, -12/13>.`

Calculate the profit maximizing price of a monopolist firm with demand function `Q(x)=1-x` and cost of production `c(x)=x^2/2` `` ` `

In order to determine the maximum profit we have to must formulate a profit function: 

Profit function = Revenue Function - Cost Function 

Since we know what the cost function is, we are yet to determine the revenue function. 

Revenue, R(x), is determined by how much money is made by selling 'x' items and this is multiplied to the demand function. The revenue function is as follows: 

`R(x) = x* Q(x)`

`R(x) = x *(1-x)`

`R(x) = x - x^2`

Since we have the Revenue function we can now mathematically formulate the Profit function P(x): 

`P(x) = R(x) - c(x)`

`P(x) = x -x^2 - (x^2/2)`

`P(x) = x - ((2x^2)/2) - (x^2/2)`

`P(x) = x - ((3x^2)/2)`

Now we have a profit function. We can now apply calculus to determine the maximum profit by finding the first derivative: 

`(dP)/dx = 1 -(6x)/2`

`(dP)/dx = 1-3x`

Then. we make the first derivative equal zero in order to determine the maximum:

`0 = 1 -3x`

`3x = 1`

`x = 1/3` ` `

Now we know the value of x when the profit is a maximum, now we substitute this back in the Profit function: 

`P(1/3) = 1/3 - ((3/2) *(1/3)^2)`

`P = 1/6`

Why is the moon Isabel's "friend" in Chains by Laurie Halse Anderson?

The "friendship" of the moon in the book Chains has to do with the importance of night to the character of Isabel. Throughout most of the book, Isabel is only able to see her sister (Ruth) at night. It is also the time when Isabel is able to have many of her adventures. For example, it is by the light of the moon that Isabel is able to escape from the Locktons in order to take a book (Robinson Crusoe) from the library. More importantly, it is often at night that Isabel is able to sneak to Bridwell prison to bring Curzon and the other prisoners food and warmth. The moon is Isabel's "friend" because it lights her way when she otherwise would not be able to see. In addition, the light of the moon is dim enough that Isabel cannot easily be recognized and caught.  

A weather balloon contains 12.0 m3 of hydrogen gas when it is released from a location at which the temperature is 22°C and the pressure is 101...

This problem can be solved using the Combined Gas Law,

`(P_1V_1)/(T_1) = (P_2V_2)/(T_2)`

The Combined Gas Law gets its name because it combines Charles' Law which states that volume and temperature are directly proportional and and Boyle's Law which states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional. 

When solving a gas law problem, it's a good idea to organize and label the data don't you don't mix up values. Temperatures must be converted to Kelvins, by adding 273, because the Celsius temperture scale isn't proportional.

P1 = 101 kpa

V1 = 12.0 m^3

T1 = 22ºC = 295 K

P2 = 20 kpA

V2 = unknown

T2 = -30ºC = 242 K

Now rearrange the equation to solve for the unknown, T2, and plug in the other values:

`(V_2 = P_1V_1T_2)/(T_1P_2)`

V2 = [(101 kpa)(12.0 m^3)(242K)]/[(295 K)(20 kpa)] = 49.7 cm^3

Why did Beverly Clearly write Dear Mr. Henshaw?

Beverly Cleary wrote Dear Mr. Henshaw for a couple of different reasons. One reason was to talk about the social issue of divorce to let kids who are suffering from divorce know that they are not alone. A second reason why she wrote the book was to show kids that they can overcome all sorts of problems, even loneliness, just by thinking positively.

In the story, Leigh is very upset by his parents' divorce and wants them to get back together. He particularly wants them to get back together because he misses his father and feels cut off from him, especially when he breaks his promises to phone Leigh. As the story progresses, Leigh must come to accept that his parents won't remarry, no matter how much he wants them to. He must also come to understand that, though he feels like his father has forgotten him and no longer loves him, the truth is, his father really does care, which will not change because of the divorce.

Most importantly, he learns to take Mr. Fridley's advice: "You gotta think positively" ("Tuesday, February 6"). Once Leigh begins thinking positively, he finds solutions to his problems. He invents an alarm for his lunchbox. When people learn about his invention and are impressed by it, he comes to realize he's not alone in his problems--everyone at school is being troubled by the lunch thief. His invention also helps him make friends. Thinking positively also helps him to forgive his father and accept both his good and his bad traits.

What is another ending to the story of "The Bet" by Anton Chekhov?

You could really come up with multiple endings that make sense, so I recommend choosing the ending that you likely initially hoped for. 

My ending of choice is the ending I wish the story had ended with in the first place. At the beginning of the story, the banker is confident that capital punishment is more humane, and the lawyer is confident that life in prison is more humane. The two make a bet about it, and the lawyer agrees to spend fifteen years in solitary confinement.

The ending I originally hoped for was the lawyer walking out of his prison house after fifteen years, politely asking for his winnings, telling the banker "I told you so," and walking happily into the sunset. It's not a very thought-provoking ending, but the story would at least end with a "winner." I feel the actual ending has both the banker and the lawyer losing. They both wind up more miserable than they were when the story began. With my alternate ending, the lawyer wins the bet and exits by leaving the reader with a "happily ever after" vibe.  

Which phrase represents the speaker's feeling toward daffodils in stanza 3 of "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud."

The following lines represent the speaker's feelings toward the daffodils, with an emphasis on the word "gay;"

A poet could not but be gay,

In such a jocund company

 The poet is saying that, as he watches the multitudes of bright golden daffodils seemingly dancing in the spring breeze as the waves of the lake sparkle behind them, he cannot help but feel "gay," which, at the time the poem was written, meant happy or lighthearted. Seeing the waving daffodils makes him feel joyful. He says it would be impossible for a sensitive person, ie, "a poet," to feel any other way when in such "jocund," meaning laughing or jolly, company, as the flowers provide. He is having the kind of moment of joy and bliss we all sometimes experience when we suddenly are struck by the incredible beauty of a simple scene, such as the sight of daffodils blowing in the wind. 

What are the main themes of the poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" written by William Wordsworth?

The sight of daffodils “dancing in the breeze” by the side of a lake offers Wordsworth much spiritual joy.

In the poem, nature is a benign power. Finding the poet lonely, nature offers him great delight through the dance of “golden daffodils” by the side of a lake. The poet no more feels lonely because he’s found “a jocund company” in “fluttering” daffodils and “sparkling waves.” The theme of nature as a benevolent power is the central theme of the poem.

Nature is given life and spirit in the poem. Daffodils flutter and dance. They toss “their heads in sprightly dance.” The “sparkling waves” dance too. They offer their company to the lonely poet to make him cheerful. We see that nature is not lifeless or dispirited; rather it’s a living spirit, very much sensitive to human feelings. Nature as a living spirit is another theme that runs through the poem.

Moreover, the strength of human imagination and memories is another pivotal theme of this poem. The joy the poet experiences by gazing at thousands of daffodils flutter and dance is not going to end when he goes back. He says the sweet memory of the day will comfort him when he is lonely and sad. This memory will be “the bliss of solitude.”

What he is saying is through his imaginative faculty, he can relive the delightful experience. This will offer him instantaneous joy and make his heart dance "with the daffodils," even if he’s depressed.

For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

What was a positive contribution of Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a multimillionaire steel magnate and a remorseless competitor as a businessman, but he was also a philanthropist who believed that the very wealthy should use their wealth for the benefit of society as a whole. In what he called the "Gospel of Wealth," he argued that the wealthy should, during their lives, administer their wealth in such a way as to benefit society as a whole. Carnegie was self-educated and attributed much of his success to the ability to borrow books from a benefactor in his youth. As a result, much of Carnegie's wealth went to establishing hundreds of public lending libraries around the nation. This, he thought, would allow ambitious, bright people of any social class to educate themselves as he had. Carnegie also donated millions to universities, organizations to promote world peace (he was an anti-imperialist), and financed the construction of Carnegie Hall, a world-renowned center for the performing arts in New York City. So his philanthropic efforts certainly qualify as a positive contribution to society.

Trace Nick's loss of innocence in Hemingway's short story "Indian Camp."

"Indian Camp" is the first of several short stories by Ernest Hemingway about the character Nick Adams. Nick is basically Hemingway's alter ego and many of the events in the stories are autobiographical. Indian Camp is set in an Indian camp on a unnamed lake which was probably Walloon Lake where the Hemingway family had property. Like Nick's father in the story, Hemingway's father was also a doctor. Other Nick Adams stories are set in the Michigan woods near a lake. 

The young Nick experiences two important events at the Indian camp which take him past innocence. At the start of the story he is pictured in his father's arms as they travel by boat to a camp to help a pregnant woman. Nick and his father are accompanied by his father's friend George. The Indian woman is having a difficult pregnancy and his father says the baby is not coming out head first and, his father says, "When they're not they make a lot of trouble for everybody."

Nick's father has to perform a Caesarian section on the woman with a jack-knife and Nick is witness to the entire operation as he holds the basin full of water where the umbilical cord is eventually placed. It is a scene that most young boys never experience, and Nick is obviously changed after watching the birth of the Indian boy. As the doctor stitches up the woman, Hemingway writes, "Nick did not watch. His curiosity had been gone for a long time." 

The Indian woman's husband has been in the bunk above his wife during the entire procedure and, because of the screaming and length of the ordeal, has committed suicide by slitting his throat with a razor. When Nick asks why the man would do such a thing, his father says, "I don't know Nick. He couldn't stand things, I guess."

So, in this brief story Nick witnesses the messiest of births and messiest of deaths. At the end when they return home on the boat he is no longer in his father's arms but rather, "sitting in the stern of the boat with his father rowing...quite sure that he would never die."

It's interesting that only four years after the publication of this story Hemingway's father would commit suicide and Hemingway himself took his own life in 1961.

Why can you ignore the masses of electrons when you calculate atomic mass?

The atomic mass of an atom is commonly calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons housed within the nucleus of that atom. The mass of electrons is overlooked when calculating the atomic mass of an atom because the mass of electrons is minuscule when compared to the mass of a proton or neutron. The mass of protons and neutrons is thought to be 1.66 x 10-24 grams, which is equivalent to a relative mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit). Comparatively, the mass of an electron is 9.11 x 10-28 grams, or .0005 amu.

The scientific definition of atomic mass is the mass of an atomic particle. The standard unit for atomic mass is the atomic mass unit (amu). An atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12 of a single carbon-12 atom.

How confident is Atticus that he will win Tom Robison's case?

Atticus was a really smart man and had lived in the South and Maycomb long enough to know that Tom Robinson would never be acquitted of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman.  Sadly, that just didn’t happen during this racist time.  Throughout our history, there are many real court cases that show the unfair treatment of blacks in America’s court system.  As a matter of fact, the famous Scottsboro Boys trial in Alabama during the same time period in which To Kill a Mockingbird took place, the 1930’s, found nine young black men guilty of raping two white women on a train.  They were all innocent of the charges.

The important thing about Atticus was that even though he knew he would lose, he tried his very best to defend Tom.  In Chapter 9, Atticus tells Scout that he will not win the trial.  Scout asks why, and Atticus tells Scout that, “Simply because we were licked a hundred years before we started is no reason for us not to try to win.”  His defense showing how it would be impossible for Tom to hit Mayella Ewell with his injured left hand should have been enough to get Tom set free.  However, the social climate of the time was that you would never believe or side with a black over the testimony of a white.  Tom was doomed from the very beginning. 

Atticus was able to have a small victory, however, when it took the jury several hours to come to a decision.  This showed that Atticus was able to place doubt into the jury’s mind, but it was still not enough to acquit a black man.  Unfortunately, before an appeal could be fought, Tom Robinson was killed trying to escape prison. 

What cells are found in the respiratory system?

The respiratory epithelium is a tissue that lines the respiratory system. The respiratory epithelium serves as a protective barrier and also provides moisture. Ciliated cells, basal cells, and goblet cells are three main types of cells that make up the respiratory epithelium. The structure and function of each cell type is briefly described below.

• The ciliated cells are found along the trachea and bronchi. The ciliated cells are column-shaped and have cilia on their edges. The cilia move in a rhythmic motion that helps to keep the airway clean.


• The basal cells of the respiratory epithelium are small and cuboidal. These cells are thought to be able to differentiate into other cell type upon injury of the airway in order to restore the epithelial cell layer.


• 
  Goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium are shaped like a columnar wine goblet, hence the name. They secrete mucous in order to trap debris and pathogens. In this way, goblet cells help keep the respiratory system healthy.

Additionally, alveolar cells are found in the epithelium of the respiratory system’s alveoli. These cells conduct gas exchange with the bloodstream so that oxygen can be delivered to cells throughout an organism.

In Death of a Salesman, does Linda Loman like Biff more than she likes Happy?

To think that a mother would like one of her sons more than she likes the other one is hard, and in the play, Linda does not give any definitive signs of liking Biff more than she likes Happy.  However, there are signs in the play that suggest that Linda understands that Willy's hopes and dreams are wrapped up in Biff; and therefore, Linda puts pressure on Biff to be good to his father.  At times in the play, Linda appears to brush off Happy--she knows that he is a philanderer and that he lacks ambition, so she does not take him very seriously.  Biff being the older child seems more successful to Willy and Linda, so they appear to like him more for these traits than they like Happy.

In The Sign of the Beaver by Elizabeth George Speare, why did Matt make notches on a stick his father had given him?

Basically, Matt made notches on a stick so that he could keep track of time.

Matt's father had advised Matt to make seven notches on each stick and to begin looking for the rest of his family when he got to the seventh stick. Accordingly, Matt's father would be gone for six to seven weeks so that he could fetch Matt's mother, his sister, and the new baby from Massachusetts.

Originally, Matt was the only one who accompanied his father to the Maine territory. They had taken a ship to a settlement at the mouth of the Penobscot River and then found a guide to take them by boat up the river. Then, after branching off to a tributary of the Penobscot River, both had disembarked to make their way on foot through forest land. After substantial traveling, they were finally able to lay claim to their own plot of land and to build a cabin.

What role does education play in Jane Eyre?

Many people have argued that Jane Eyre is a Bildungsroman, or novel of education. Education is a major theme in the novel -- Jane is first a student at Lowood, then an instructor there, then a governess at Thornfield, then a schoolmaster at a school for working class children. One of Bronte's points is that men and women are equals intellectually, and advocates for education for women. But aside from that, the novel is also about Jane's education about herself. This coming into self knowledge is intertwined with her formal education.

Take, for example, Jane's experience at Lowood. When Mr Brocklehurst introduces her to the school as a "liar" and tells the other students to shun her, this is but one example of many of the ritual shaming that is confused for discipline at the school (Helen Burns is also a victim of this shaming, as is Miss Temple, who must stand by while Jane is humiliated and offer tacit approval). In many ways, the harshness of the school prevents learning, rather than encourages it -- sometimes quite literally, when the students begin to die. However, despite this, Jane still finds her learning community at Lowood -- in Miss Temple and Helen -- and the lessons she learns from them, about forgiveness, kindness, and faith shape her for the rest of the novel. Most importantly, what she learns from them is some measure of self respect.

This self respect carries over to her dealings with Mr Rochester, and becomes a sticking point in her relationship with St John. Rochester recognizes Jane as his intellectual equal; St John does not. Jane's final rejection of St John for Rochester is in part the result of her realization that she can only be truly happy with someone who values her whole self, and who sees her as true equal, as opposed to someone who is merely useful. In this way, Jane Eyre argues that the basis for any right love relationship is equality and mutual respect, rather than obedience and dependence.

I think, for Bronte, education was the path for women to achieve that sort of equality. Jane finds her work in the schoolhouse fulfilling because she has the opportunity to teach her students the same lessons about self respect. This need to serve is exploited by St John when he pressures Jane to come with him to India. Jane is able to reject him because she realizes that St John does not love her and only values her intellectual talents insofar as they are useful in helping him achieve his goals. St John claims that his goals are, in fact, God's goals, and that Jane, in obeying him, is obeying God. But Jane ultimately is able to resist that logic. St John may be "a good man," as Jane and his sisters keep saying, but the lesson Jane learns is that his "goodness" and suitability as a husband are two different things. This is another case in which the personal moral truth Jane has learned -- that women are equal to men -- trumps conventional (masculine) morality.

How are force and work related?

Work and force are related in that work is the force acting on an object multiplied by the displacement in the direction of the force, meaning the distance that the object moves:

W = F x d

A force is a push or a pull. The S.I unit for force is Newtons, with one Newton equal to one kilogram x meter/second^2. Work is expressed in Newton-meters, or N-m.

If you apply a force of 20N to a box to push it horizontally along the floor a distance of 10m, the work done on the box is W = (20N)(10m) = 200 N-m. This is assuming that you're pushing the box in the same direction that it moves. If you apply the force at an angle to the direction of motion you would need to calculate the component of the force that acts in the direction of the motion by resolving the force vector.

An ordinary die is tossed 4 times. What is the probability of getting a number greater than 4 at least once?

Hello!

Denote the event in question as A. Consider the complementary event not A: die is tossed 4 times and each result is 4 or less. The probability of A is 1-probability of not A: P(A)=1-P(not A). The probability of (not A) is simpler to compute.

The event not A consists of 4 events: that the first result is <=4, the second <=4, the third and the fourth. These events are independent: the next result has no relation with the previous one(s). Therefore the probability P(not A) is the product of four corresponding probabilities.

These probabilities are all the same: the probability that the result of one tossing is <=4. There are 6 possibilities, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 4 of them are "suitable": 1, 2, 3, 4. So this probability is by definition 4/6 = 2/3.

So P(not A) = 2/3*2/3*2/3*2/3 = 16/81 and P(A) = 1 - 16/81 = 65/81 `approx 0.80.`

The answer: the probability is 65/81.

Why does Tom Walker begin reading the Bible in "The Devil and Tom Walker"?

In "The Devil and Tom Walker", Tom begins reading the Bible in order to keep the devil from claiming his soul. Earlier in the book, Tom struck a bargain with the devil that he can have his soul in exchange for the treasure of Kidd the Pirate. As he grows older and richer, Tom becomes worried that the devil will come to claim his soul at any time. In order to try and ward him off, Tom takes to carrying a Bible with him everywhere he goes and starts attending church services regularly. Unfortunately for Tom, while he starts reading the Bible, he never makes any modification to his work as a usurer. He continues to take advantage of those in need and lend money at exorbitant rates. In the end, he is arguing with one of his borrowers when the devil catches him unawares without his Bible and carries him off on horseback to the cursed swamp where they first met.

In Act II, Scene 4 of Romeo and Juliet why is Tybalt looking for Romeo?

As Act II, Scene 4 of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet opens, Benvolio and Mercutio are speaking to each other. Mercutio is concerned about Romeo because of his friend's unrequited love for Rosaline. Benvolio reveals that Romeo didn't go home the night before and he also tells Mercutio that Romeo has received a letter from Tybalt. Tybalt is eager to challenge Romeo because he feels that Romeo has crashed Capulet's party "To fleer and scorn at our solemnity." He wants to immediately confront Romeo as soon as he hears his voice. Lord Capulet, however, refuses to allow Tybalt to disrupt the proceedings and even gives Romeo a compliment by saying that "Verona brags of him/To be a virtuous and well-governed youth." Tybalt is incensed and, while he stays quiet at the party, vows to go after Romeo later:

Patience perforce with willful choler meeting
Makes my flesh tremble in their different greeting.
I will withdraw, but this intrusion shall,
Now seeming sweet, convert to bitt’rest gall.

Tybalt will not forget Romeo's "intrusion" and the two will eventually fight in Act III, Scene 1.

What awakenings does Edna go through in the book The Awakening?

In Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening, her protagonist, Edna goes through many different awakenings. In the beginning of the story, she experiences feelings that she cannot quite understand or articulate. As the story goes on she begins to understand what is happening to her. She has a sexual awakening, which she realizes from Alcee and Robert, not her husband. She understands that she still has sexual feelings when she thought she didn't. 

Edna also has an artistic awakening. She longs to paint and explore art. She wants to travel and see the world. In addition, she has an awakening in which she understands her identity--not as a wife or a mother, but as a woman. She understands that she is significant as a person and woman, separate from the traditional gender roles prescribed for women.

What are five rules to survive and five rules to thrive for Bud in Bud, Not Buddy?

Bud lives by a set of rules he has composed titled "Rules and Things for a Funner Life and Making a Better Liar Out of Yourself." Some of these rules were adapted from bits of wisdom his mother passed down to him and some are his own thoughts.

These rules could be categorized into those that help Bud survive and those that help Bud thrive.

Five rules that help Bud survive are:

#3 If you got to tell a lie, make sure it’s simple and easy to remember.

#16 If a grown-up ever starts a sentence by saying “Haven’t you heard,” get ready, ’cause what’s about to come out of their mouth is gonna drop you head first into boiling tragedy.

#29 When you wake up and don’t know for sure where you are at and there’s a bunch of people standing around you, it’s best to pretend you’re still asleep until you can figure out what’s going on and what you should do.

#8 Whenever an adult tells you to listen carefully and talks to you in a real calm voice do not listen, run as fast as you can because something terrible is just around the corner.

#63 Never, ever say something bad about someone you don’t know—especially when you’re around a bunch of strangers. You never can tell who might be kin to that person or who might be a lip-flapping, big-mouth spy.

Five rules that help Bud thrive are:

#39 The older you get, the worse something has to be to make you cry.

#87 When an adult tells you they need your help with a problem get ready to be tricked—most times this means they just want you to go fetch something for them.

#328 When you make up your mind to do something, hurry up and do it, if you wait you might talk yourself out of what you wanted in the first place.

#83 If a adult tells you not to worry, and you weren’t worried before, you better hurry up and start ’cause you’re already running late.

#118 You have to give adults something that they think they can use to hurt you by taking it away. That way they might not take something away that you really do want.

What will be the kinetic energy if velocity is tripled?

The kinetic energy of a body is related to its mass and velocity by the following relationship:

Kinetic energy = `1/2 mv^2`

where, m is mass of the body (or object) and v is its velocity. Hence the kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of body and square of velocity.

When the velocity of the object is tripled, that is, new velocity is three times the original velocity, or v' = 3v, the new kinetic energy would be 

K.E.' = `1/2 mv'^2 = 1/2 m(3v)^2 = 1/2 m(9v^2) = 9 [ 1/2 mv^2]`

Thus, the new kinetic energy is 9 times the original kinetic energy. 

From this case, we can see that a small change in velocity can result in large changes in kinetic energy of the object. We can relate this case to driving. Imagine accelerating from 20 miles per hour to 60 miles hour and your car now has 9 times the original kinetic energy.

Hope this helps.

In The Bronze Bow, what is Nathan's personality like?

Nathan, the first boy Daniel recruits to join his band in the village, is a proud, feisty, loyal young man. The pride he displays is not arrogance, but rather an unwillingness to be subdued or to compromise his principles. When Daniel first meets him, he has come to the blacksmith shop sporting a black eye. His own friends beat him up because his father had recently become a tax collector. When Daniel volunteers to walk home with him, he refuses Daniel's help, saying he can take care of himself. Nathan also exhibits his pride, or self-sufficiency, at his wedding. Not wanting his friends to believe that his wedding has been funded on the backs of the Jewish citizens by his father's income as a tax-collector, Nathan instead settles for a simple feast that he can afford to pay for himself.

Nathan is feisty. One of the things that attracts Daniel to Nathan is that Daniel senses he is a fighter. Indeed, when Daniel leaves the shop with Nathan and six or seven boys attack, Daniel is impressed with his physical prowess in the altercation. Nathan is the one to boldly suggest that the boys in the band brand themselves to show they belong to the same cause. When Daniel fails to secure Rosh's help to free Joel from the Romans, Nathan tells Daniel, "I'll go down with you." 

Finally, Nathan is loyal to Daniel. He tells Daniel that if Daniel wants, he can recruit ten boys from the village to join the band. When Daniel realizes Rosh won't help rescue Joel and suggests they vote for a leader, Nathan responds, "There's no need to vote," giving Daniel his utmost dedication. Daniel learns from Kemuel that Nathan died when he "leaned too far out to pull you down."

Nathan, a memorable character who adds emotion and depth to the novel, is depicted as appropriately proud, feisty, and loyal to Daniel.

`bbu = , bbv = ` Find (a) `bbu + bbv`, (b) `bbu - bbv`, and (c) `2bbu - 3bbv`.

For vectors in a coordinate form their linear combinations are also performed by coordinates.

`u= lt2,3gt, v= lt4,0gt,` therefore

(a) `u+v = lt2+4,3+0gt = lt6,3gt,`

(b) `u-v = lt2-4,3-0gt = lt-2,3gt,`

(c) `2u-3v = lt2*2-3*4,2*3-3*0gt = lt-8,6gt.`

In "The Scarlet Ibis," I counted 37 different types of flowers and plants. Snakeflowers, five o'clocks, wiregrass, etc. Why so many?

James Hurst used several symbols in his short story "The Scarlet Ibis." The most important symbol is that of the ibis which is meant to represent Doodle. The weather, which is often turbulent symbolizes the tumultuous relationship between the narrator and his brother. The mention of World War I also suggests the strife that the narrator and Doodle experience as the narrator tries to remake his crippled brother into a normal boy.

The setting of the story is coastal North Carolina which is inhabited by a wide range of vegetation. This part of North Carolina gets up to 60 inches of precipitation a year. Thus, it's not surprising that the farm and surrounding wetlands are populated by several species of plants. But, more than that, Hurst uses some of these plants as symbols.

For example, when the narrator takes his brother down to Old Woman Swamp they gather flowers to make wreaths. Doodle comments that the area is so "pretty, pretty, pretty." The scene shows how close the two brothers have become and the narrator has brought Doodle there to "share with him the only beauty I knew". The reader might infer that the beautiful flowers they encounter symbolize the brotherly love they have for each other: 

I would gather wildflowers, wild violets, honeysuckle, yellow jasmine, snakeflowers, and waterlilies, and with wire grass we’d weave them into necklaces and crowns. We’d bedeck ourselves with our handiwork and loll about thus beautified, beyond the touch of the everyday world.

Unfortunately the narrator feels a strong sense of pride and he does not want to be embarrassed by Doodle. He sets out to transform his brother into a boy who can run and box and be the equal of other boys at school. Doodle resists this makeover and is physically unable to perform as his brother wishes. This rift in their relationship is symbolized by the weather and by the trees. Even the strongest trees, the elm and the oak, are blown over:

One morning in July a hurricane came out of the east, tipping over the oaks in the yard and splitting the limbs of the elm trees. That afternoon it roared back out of the west, blew the fallen oaks around, snapping their roots and tearing them out of the earth like a hawk at the entrails of a chicken.

Finally, two plants are used as symbolic in the deaths of the ibis and Doodle. When the ibis comes to the end of its journey it lands in the family's yard, perched in the bleeding tree. As its name suggests the tree is representative of the color red, the color of the ibis. Later, Doodle is found bleeding under the nightshade bush. It is indeed night for Doodle as his brother has pushed him too far and internal bleeding has caused his death.