What do the two tribes symbolize in the novel Lord of the Flies?

The two tribes that form in the novel Lord of the Flies represent a civil, democratic society with structure, and a brutal, totalitarian society driven by primitive instincts. Ralph's tribe represents a democracy because each person is given the opportunity to speak throughout the meetings and vote on certain subjects. Ralph's tribe emphasizes structure and civility by focusing on essential elements of survival and rescue. Ralph uses the conch to gain the boys attention and establishes rules during the assemblies. Ralph's tribe prioritizes necessary tasks such as maintaining a signal fire, collecting water, and building shelters.

Jack is the tyrannical leader of his tribe. Jack's tribe represents the primitive, savage instincts found in human nature. His tribe focuses on hunting and pleasurable activities instead of necessary tasks that ensure survival and rescue. Jack controls his tribe through fear and intimidation. Jack's tribe is not interested in rules and hard labor, but rather attempts to satiate the carnal desires of each individual in the tribe.