Why should Mrs. Mallard be regarded as a complex and dynamic character?

A complex character in literature can be described as one who has traits that come from both nature and their life experience, and Mrs. Mallard does have both. For example, the narrator describes her as "young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength." To say that Louise Mallard possesses strength is to point out a trait that seems natural to her; it isn't necessarily a learned trait. However, that she might feel somewhat repressed, or that she represses some of her own feelings or ideas, is a learned trait, something that Louise would have internalized as a result of her own life experience.

Later, when she comes down the steps, "she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory." Again, such a statement describes a combination of qualities: on the one hand, Louise performs this action "unwittingly," meaning that it is unintended or unplanned (her life experience would have taught her that she ought not to appear to rejoice in the death of her husband). On the other hand, it seems as though her joy is a natural feeling for her to have in this moment; it is natural. Therefore, Louise Mallard could be considered a complex character because of her mix of traits that come both from nature and experience.