A gene sequence is a genetic unit on DNA that is composed of a precise order of nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA. A nucleotide is composed of a central sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. The name of a nucleotide references its nitrogen base. There are four different nucleotides that are found in DNA. DNA’s four nucleotides are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
The genetic sequence that is housed within DNA determines the structure of the proteins that are created during protein synthesis. The structure of protein influences the protein’s function. DNA determines a protein’s structure and function because DNA is transcribed to make mRNA. The mRNA is then translated to make the proteins.
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