“All lost!” cry the sailors in the shipwreck that opens “The Tempest” and indeed loss pervades the play. Prospero has lost everything but his books and his daughter Miranda: his title, his lands, and all other possessions were seized by his brother. Ferdinand has lost his father and all his shipmates (he thinks), Alonso has lost his son (he thinks), Caliban and Ariel have lost their freedom. The loss of his dukedom obsesses and enrages Prospero and his plot to exact revenge is central to the action; loss is in many ways the engine that drives the play. Loss resolves the play too: though the final scene involves many discoveries and reunions, it also involves Prospero losing his control over Ariel, Caliban and the island in order to take up his dukedom again, and most powerfully, renouncing his magic powers and returning to ordinary life. Loss is a constant in the play, sometimes tragic, sometimes necessary, and always present.
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